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Use the General property page to:
Synchronizing a directory within a site notifies the selected server that it should request directory updates from all other servers within the site.
Checking knowledge consistency instructs Microsoft Exchange Server to search for other connected servers within a site and for new sites within the organization. For example, knowledge consistency ensures that if Server A is down while another server is being added to the organization, Server A is aware of the new server.
By default, Microsoft Exchange Server synchronizes directory information within a site every five minutes. You can synchronize directory information manually if you have made changes to directory information on a server and don't want to wait for automatic synchronization.
Directory replication tables contain information that describes the replication connections between servers in a site. For example, if you add a new server to a site, the directory replication tables on all existing servers are updated to reflect the existence of the new server. The next time replication occurs, the new server is included in the process and can send and receive directory updates to all other servers in the site.
By default, directory replication tables are synchronized between sites once every three hours. However, you can manually synchronize directory replication tables after changes have been made that impact directory replication or when you believe directory replication has not received the updated information.