Metropoli BBS
VIEWER: mpegplay MODE: BINARY (HEX)
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OFFSET    00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07  08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F  10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F
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00000020  17 3C 2E 00 00 01 00 10  00 4D 50 45 47 50 6C 61  79 65 72 20 48 65 6C 70  00 03 00 04 00 00 00 00  <.....MPEGPlayer Help......
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000000C0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 FF FF 01 00 01 00 06  00 00 00 AF 03 06 00 FF  FF FF FF 7C 43 4F 4E 54  .........  .....».    |CONT
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00000500  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF  FF 58 00 00 00 1F 02 00  00 4D 50 45 47 50 4C 41  .        ....    X.....MPEGPLA
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00000540  8D 00 00 00 23 00 00 00  20 16 80 24 00 80 00 00  00 08 80 03 00 82 FF 00  4D 50 45 47 50 4C 41 59  ì...#... Ç$.Ç...Ç.é .MPEGPLAY
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00000620  75 00 20 00 00 48 65 6C  70 20 4D 65 6E 75 00 20  00 00 00 52 65 66 65 72  65 6E 63 65 20 00 00 00  u. ..Help Menu. ...Reference ...
00000640  54 69 74 6C 65 20 70 61  67 65 00 20 00 00 41 6E  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  63 74 69 6F 6E 20 74 6F  Title page. ..An Introduction to
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00000720  FF FF FF FF 75 02 00 00  ED 05 00 00 4D 50 45 47  50 4C 41 59 20 61 6E 20  4D 50 45 47 20 70 6C 61      u..φ..MPEGPLAY an MPEG pla
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00000780  4C 41 59 00 00 41 20 4D  50 45 47 20 70 6C 61 79  65 72 20 66 6F 72 20 57  69 6E 33 32 28 74 6D 29  LAY..A MPEG player for Win32(tm)
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00000D60  82 80 06 00 82 80 09 00  82 82 82 FF 00 00 00 54  68 65 20 4D 6F 76 69 65  20 4D 65 6E 75 20 00 00  éÇ.éÇ.ééé ...The Movie Menu ..
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00000E40  2D 20 53 74 61 72 74 73  20 74 68 65 20 50 6C 61  79 65 72 20 70 6C 61 79  69 6E 67 2E 00 00 52 65  - Starts the Player playing...Re
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00000F00  20 50 6C 61 79 73 20 74  68 65 20 6D 6F 76 69 65  20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65  6E 20 44 69 73 70 6C 61   Plays the movie and then Displa
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00000F60  00 0F 00 00 00 E8 08 00  00 C1 0A 00 00 31 00 00  00 02 16 04 00 00 FF FF  FF FF FF FF FF FF 04 00  ....Φ....1.....        .
00000F80  00 00 FF FF FF FF C1 0A  00 00 97 0E 00 00 54 68  65 20 44 69 74 68 65 72  20 4D 65 6E 75 D4 00 00  ..    ..ù..The Dither Menu..
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00001120  00 00 4D 6F 6E 6F 20 00  00 00 2D 20 44 69 74 68  65 72 73 20 74 6F 20 61  20 6D 6F 6E 6F 63 68 72  ..Mono ...- Dithers to a monochr
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00001A40  0A 00 81 81 81 81 82 FF  00 4D 69 63 68 61 65 6C  20 53 69 6D 6D 6F 6E 73  00 50 2E 4F 2E 20 42 4F  .üüüüé .Michael Simmons.P.O. BO
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00001B60  00 FF FF FF FF 9B 46 00  00 53 4A 00 00 44 69 73  63 6C 61 69 6D 65 72 29  00 00 00 03 00 00 00 60  .    ¢F..SJ..Disclaimer)......`
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00001C60  4D 49 43 48 41 45 4C 20  53 49 4D 4D 4F 4E 53 00  00 49 4E 20 4E 4F 20 45  56 45 4E 54 20 53 48 41  MICHAEL SIMMONS..IN NO EVENT SHA
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00001F00  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65  6E 74 73 00 20 00 00 47  6F 74 6F 20 74 6F 20 49  .Return to Contents. ..Goto to I
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00001F60  41 6E 20 49 6E 74 72 6F  64 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 20  74 6F 20 4D 50 45 47 26  00 00 00 03 00 00 00 53  An Introduction to MPEG&......S
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00001FC0  09 00 81 82 FF 00 41 6E  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  63 74 69 6F 6E 20 74 6F  20 4D 50 45 47 20 00 00  .üé .An Introduction to MPEG ..
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00002060  07 48 9A 89 82 FF 00 57  61 72 6E 69 6E 67 20 74  68 69 73 20 69 6E 66 6F  72 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 20  HÜëé .Warning this information 
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00002280  00 00 48 6F 77 20 6D 75  63 68 20 64 6F 65 73 20  69 74 20 63 6F 6D 70 72  65 73 73 00 20 00 00 57  ..How much does it compress. ..W
000022A0  68 61 74 20 69 73 20 4D  50 45 47 20 70 68 61 73  65 49 49 00 20 00 00 57  68 79 20 6E 6F 74 20 6A  hat is MPEG phaseII. ..Why not j
000022C0  75 73 74 20 73 63 61 6C  65 20 75 70 20 4D 50 45  47 20 49 00 20 00 00 57  68 61 74 20 77 6F 72 6B  ust scale up MPEG I. ..What work
000022E0  73 20 66 6F 72 20 4D 50  45 47 20 49 49 00 20 00  00 57 68 65 6E 20 77 69  6C 6C 20 4D 50 45 47 20  s for MPEG II. ..When will MPEG 
00002300  49 49 20 62 65 20 72 65  6C 65 61 73 65 64 00 20  00 00 48 6F 77 20 64 6F  20 49 20 6A 6F 69 6E 20  II be released. ..How do I join 
00002320  4D 50 45 47 00 20 00 00  48 6F 77 20 64 6F 20 49  20 67 65 74 20 74 68 65  20 4D 50 45 47 20 73 74  MPEG. ..How do I get the MPEG st
00002340  61 6E 64 61 72 64 73 20  64 6F 63 75 6D 65 6E 74  73 00 20 00 00 52 65 74  75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 43  andards documents. ..Return to C
00002360  6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 00  20 00 00 00 3D 00 00 00  0C 00 00 00 21 4D 00 00  CD 4E 00 00 31 00 00 00  ontents. ...=......!M..N..1...
00002380  02 9E 03 00 00 FF FF FF  FF FF FF FF FF 0A 00 00  00 FF FF FF FF CD 4E 00  00 3A 82 00 00 57 68 61  ..        ...    N..:é..Wha
000023A0  74 20 69 73 20 4D 50 45  47 FF 02 00 00 D2 02 00  00 90 4E 00 00 D8 81 00  00 2D 00 00 00 20 28 80  t is MPEG ....ÉN..ü..-... (Ç
000023C0  A5 05 00 80 00 00 00 00  80 09 00 82 80 06 00 82  80 09 00 82 82 FF 00 00  00 51 2E 20 57 68 61 74  Ñ.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. What
000023E0  20 69 73 20 4D 50 45 47  3F 20 00 00 00 41 2E 20  4D 50 45 47 20 69 73 20  61 20 67 72 6F 75 70 20   is MPEG? ...A. MPEG is a group 
00002400  6F 66 20 70 65 6F 70 6C  65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6D  65 65 74 20 75 6E 64 65  72 20 49 53 4F 20 28 74  of people that meet under ISO (t
00002420  68 65 20 49 6E 74 65 72  6E 61 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C  20 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72  64 73 20 4F 72 67 61 6E  he International Standards Organ
00002440  69 7A 61 74 69 6F 6E 29  20 74 6F 20 67 65 6E 65  72 61 74 65 20 73 74 61  6E 64 61 72 64 73 20 66  ization) to generate standards f
00002460  6F 72 20 64 69 67 69 74  61 6C 20 76 69 64 65 6F  20 28 73 65 71 75 65 6E  63 65 73 20 6F 66 20 69  or digital video (sequences of i
00002480  6D 61 67 65 73 20 69 6E  20 74 69 6D 65 29 20 61  6E 64 20 61 75 64 69 6F  20 63 6F 6D 70 72 65 73  mages in time) and audio compres
000024A0  73 69 6F 6E 2E 20 20 49  6E 20 70 61 72 74 69 63  75 6C 61 72 2C 20 74 68  65 79 20 64 65 66 69 6E  sion.  In particular, they defin
000024C0  65 20 61 20 63 6F 6D 70  72 65 73 73 65 64 20 62  69 74 20 73 74 72 65 61  6D 2C 20 77 CD 4E 00 00  e a compressed bit stream, wN..
000024E0  D8 81 00 00 90 4E 00 00  68 69 63 68 20 69 6D 70  6C 69 63 69 74 6C 79 20  64 65 66 69 6E 65 73 20  ü..ÉN..hich implicitly defines 
00002500  61 20 64 65 63 6F 6D 70  72 65 73 73 6F 72 2E 20  48 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C  20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 6D  a decompressor. However, the com
00002520  70 72 65 73 73 69 6F 6E  20 61 6C 67 6F 72 69 74  68 6D 73 20 61 72 65 20  75 70 20 74 6F 20 74 68  pression algorithms are up to th
00002540  65 20 69 6E 64 69 76 69  64 75 61 6C 20 6D 61 6E  75 66 61 63 74 75 72 65  72 73 2C 20 61 6E 64 20  e individual manufacturers, and 
00002560  74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20  77 68 65 72 65 20 70 72  6F 70 72 69 65 74 61 72  79 20 61 64 76 61 6E 74  that is where proprietary advant
00002580  61 67 65 20 69 73 20 6F  62 74 61 69 6E 65 64 20  77 69 74 68 69 6E 20 74  68 65 20 73 63 6F 70 65  age is obtained within the scope
000025A0  20 6F 66 20 61 20 70 75  62 6C 69 63 6C 79 20 61  76 61 69 6C 61 62 6C 65  20 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 61   of a publicly available interna
000025C0  74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 73  74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 2E  20 4D 50 45 47 20 6D 65  65 74 73 20 72 6F 75 67  tional standard. MPEG meets roug
000025E0  68 6C 79 20 66 6F 75 72  20 74 69 6D 65 73 20 61  20 79 65 61 72 20 66 6F  72 20 72 6F 75 67 68 6C  hly four times a year for roughl
00002600  79 20 61 20 77 65 65 6B  20 65 61 63 68 20 74 69  6D 65 2E 20 49 6E 20 62  65 74 77 65 65 6E 20 6D  y a week each time. In between m
00002620  65 65 74 69 6E 67 73 2C  20 61 20 67 72 65 61 74  20 64 65 61 6C 20 6F 66  20 77 6F 72 6B 20 69 73  eetings, a great deal of work is
00002640  20 64 6F 6E 65 20 62 79  20 74 68 65 20 6D 65 6D  62 65 72 73 2C 20 73 6F  20 69 74 20 64 6F 65 73   done by the members, so it does
00002660  6E 27 74 20 61 6C 6C 20  68 61 70 70 65 6E 20 61  74 20 74 68 65 20 6D 65  65 74 69 6E 67 73 2E 20  n't all happen at the meetings. 
00002680  54 68 65 20 77 6F 72 6B  20 69 73 20 6F 72 67 61  6E 69 7A 65 64 20 61 6E  64 20 70 6C 61 6E 6E 65  The work is organized and planne
000026A0  64 20 61 74 20 74 68 65  20 6D 65 65 74 69 6E 67  73 2E 00 00 62 00 00 00  32 00 00 00 CD 4E 00 00  d at the meetings...b...2...N..
000026C0  3A 82 00 00 30 00 00 00  20 30 80 64 00 80 00 00  00 00 E3 74 DC E9 D9 80  05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55 F4  :é..0... 0Çd.Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU
000026E0  25 89 82 FF 00 00 52 65  74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20  49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75 63  74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00 00  %ëé ..Return to Introduction. ..
00002700  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65 6E  74 73 00 20 00 00 4A 00  00 00 19 00 00 00 D8 81  Return to Contents. ..J......ü
00002720  00 00 84 82 00 00 31 00  00 00 02 01 01 00 00 FF  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0B  00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 84  ..äé..1.....        ...    ä
00002740  82 00 00 3B 83 00 00 57  68 61 74 20 64 6F 65 73  20 4D 50 45 47 20 73 74  61 6E 64 20 66 6F 72 3F  é..;â..What does MPEG stand for?
00002760  B7 00 00 00 7A 00 00 00  3A 82 00 00 3B 83 00 00  3D 00 00 00 20 4A 80 F4  00 80 00 00 00 00 80 0D  ...z...:é..;â..=... JÇ.Ç....Ç
00002780  00 82 80 0E 00 82 80 09  00 82 82 E3 74 DC E9 D9  80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55  F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00 00  .éÇ.éÇ.ééπtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ...
000027A0  51 2E 20 53 6F 20 77 68  61 74 20 64 6F 65 73 20  4D 50 45 47 20 73 74 61  6E 64 20 66 6F 72 3F 20  Q. So what does MPEG stand for? 
000027C0  00 00 00 41 2E 20 4D 6F  76 69 6E 67 20 50 69 63  74 75 72 65 73 20 45 78  70 65 72 74 73 20 47 72  ...A. Moving Pictures Experts Gr
000027E0  6F 75 70 2E 00 00 00 52  65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00  oup....Return to Introduction. .
00002800  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65  6E 74 73 00 20 00 00 56  00 00 00 25 00 00 00 84  .Return to Contents. ..V...%...ä
00002820  82 00 00 91 83 00 00 31  00 00 00 02 47 02 00 00  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  0C 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF  é..æâ..1...G..        ...    
00002840  91 83 00 00 82 85 00 00  44 6F 65 73 20 69 74 20  68 61 76 65 20 61 6E 79  74 68 69 6E 67 20 74 6F  æâ..éà..Does it have anything to
00002860  20 64 6F 20 77 69 74 68  20 4A 50 45 47 F1 01 00  00 B3 01 00 00 3B 83 00  00 82 85 00 00 3E 00 00   do with JPEG±....;â..éà..>..
00002880  00 20 4A 80 67 03 00 80  00 00 00 00 80 0D 00 82  80 0E 00 82 80 09 00 82  82 E3 74 DC E9 D9 80 05  . JÇg.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.ééπtΘÇ
000028A0  00 89 82 E3 8A 55 F4 25  89 82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E  20 44 6F 65 73 20 69 74  20 68 61 76 65 20 61 6E  .ëéπèU%ëé ...Q. Does it have an
000028C0  79 74 68 69 6E 67 20 74  6F 20 64 6F 20 77 69 74  68 20 4A 50 45 47 3F 20  00 00 00 41 2E 20 57 65  ything to do with JPEG? ...A. We
000028E0  6C 6C 2C 20 69 74 20 73  6F 75 6E 64 73 20 74 68  65 20 73 61 6D 65 2C 20  61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 79  ll, it sounds the same, and they
00002900  20 61 72 65 20 70 61 72  74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65  20 73 61 6D 65 20 73 75  62 63 6F 6D 6D 69 74 74   are part of the same subcommitt
00002920  65 65 20 6F 66 20 49 53  4F 20 61 6C 6F 6E 67 20  77 69 74 68 20 4A 42 49  47 20 61 6E 64 20 4D 48  ee of ISO along with JBIG and MH
00002940  45 47 2C 20 61 6E 64 20  74 68 65 79 20 75 73 75  61 6C 6C 79 20 6D 65 65  74 20 61 74 20 74 68 65  EG, and they usually meet at the
00002960  20 73 61 6D 65 20 70 6C  61 63 65 20 61 74 20 74  68 65 20 73 61 6D 65 20  74 69 6D 65 2E 20 48 6F   same place at the same time. Ho
00002980  77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 74  68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20  64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6E  74 20 73 65 74 73 20 6F  wever, they are different sets o
000029A0  66 20 70 65 6F 70 6C 65  20 77 69 74 68 20 66 65  77 20 6F 72 20 6E 6F 20  63 6F 6D 6D 6F 6E 20 69  f people with few or no common i
000029C0  6E 64 69 76 69 64 75 61  6C 20 6D 65 6D 62 65 72  73 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74  68 65 79 20 68 61 76 65  ndividual members, and they have
000029E0  20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65  6E 74 20 63 68 61 72 74  65 72 73 20 61 6E 64 20  72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6D   different charters and requirem
00002A00  65 6E 74 73 2E 20 20 4A  50 45 47 20 69 73 20 66  6F 72 20 73 74 69 6C 6C  20 69 6D 61 67 65 20 63  ents.  JPEG is for still image c
00002A20  6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 69  6F 6E 2E 00 00 00 52 65  74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20  49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75 63  ompression....Return to Introduc
00002A40  74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00 00  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65 6E  74 73 00 20 00 00 46 00  tion. ..Return to Contents. ..F.
00002A60  00 00 15 00 00 00 91 83  00 00 C8 85 00 00 31 00  00 00 02 78 01 00 00 FF  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0D  ..§...æâ..à..1...x..        
00002A80  00 00 00 FF FF FF FF C8  85 00 00 FA 86 00 00 57  68 61 74 20 69 73 20 4A  42 49 47 20 61 6E 64 20  ...    à..·å..What is JBIG and 
00002AA0  4D 48 45 47 32 01 00 00  F4 00 00 00 82 85 00 00  FA 86 00 00 3E 00 00 00  20 4A 80 E9 01 00 80 00  MHEG2.....éà..·å..>... JÇΘ.Ç.
00002AC0  00 00 00 80 0D 00 82 80  0E 00 82 80 09 00 82 82  E3 74 DC E9 D9 80 05 00  89 82 E3 8A 55 F4 25 89  ...Ç.éÇ.éÇ.ééπtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ë
00002AE0  82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E 20  54 68 65 6E 20 77 68 61  74 27 73 20 4A 42 49 47  20 61 6E 64 20 4D 48 45  é ...Q. Then what's JBIG and MHE
00002B00  47 3F 20 00 00 00 41 2E  20 20 20 20 20 20 4A 42  49 47 20 69 73 20 66 6F  72 20 6C 6F 73 73 6C 65  G? ...A.      JBIG is for lossle
00002B20  73 73 20 62 69 6E 61 72  79 20 69 6D 61 67 65 20  63 6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73  69 6F 6E 20 28 6C 69 6B  ss binary image compression (lik
00002B40  65 20 66 61 78 65 73 29  4D 48 45 47 20 69 73 20  66 6F 72 20 6D 75 6C 74  69 2D 6D 65 64 69 61 20  e faxes)MHEG is for multi-media 
00002B60  64 61 74 61 20 73 74 61  6E 64 61 72 64 73 20 28  6C 69 6B 65 20 69 6E 74  65 67 72 61 74 69 6E 67  data standards (like integrating
00002B80  20 73 74 69 6C 6C 73 2C  20 76 69 64 65 6F 2C 20  61 75 64 69 6F 2C 20 74  65 78 74 2C 20 65 74 63   stills, video, audio, text, etc
00002BA0  2E 29 2E 00 00 00 52 65  74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20  49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75 63  74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00 00  .)....Return to Introduction. ..
00002BC0  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65 6E  74 73 00 20 00 00 4B 00  00 00 1A 00 00 00 C8 85  Return to Contents. ..K......à
00002BE0  00 00 45 87 00 00 31 00  00 00 02 92 03 00 00 FF  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0E  00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 45  ..Eç..1...Æ..        ...    E
00002C00  87 00 00 8C 8A 00 00 57  68 61 74 20 68 61 73 20  4D 50 45 47 20 61 63 63  6F 6D 70 6C 69 73 68 65  ç..îè..What has MPEG accomplishe
00002C20  64 E5 02 00 00 B8 02 00  00 FA 86 00 00 2A 8A 00  00 2D 00 00 00 20 28 80  71 05 00 80 00 00 00 00  dσ....·å..*è..-... (Çq.Ç....
00002C40  80 0D 00 82 80 0E 00 82  80 09 00 82 82 FF 00 00  00 51 2E 20 57 68 61 74  20 68 61 73 20 4D 50 45  Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. What has MPE
00002C60  47 20 61 63 63 6F 6D 70  6C 69 73 68 65 64 3F 20  00 00 00 41 2E 20 53 6F  20 66 61 72 20 28 61 73  G accomplished? ...A. So far (as
00002C80  20 6F 66 20 4A 61 6E 75  61 72 79 20 31 39 39 32  29 2C 20 74 68 65 79 20  68 61 76 65 20 63 6F 6D   of January 1992), they have com
00002CA0  70 6C 65 74 65 64 20 74  68 65 20 22 43 6F 6D 6D  69 74 74 65 65 20 44 72  61 66 74 22 20 6F 66 20  pleted the "Committee Draft" of 
00002CC0  4D 50 45 47 20 70 68 61  73 65 20 49 2C 20 63 6F  6C 6C 6F 71 75 69 61 6C  6C 79 20 63 61 6C 6C 65  MPEG phase I, colloquially calle
00002CE0  64 20 4D 50 45 47 20 49  2E 20 20 49 74 20 64 65  66 69 6E 65 73 20 61 20  62 69 74 20 73 74 72 65  d MPEG I.  It defines a bit stre
00002D00  61 6D 20 66 6F 72 20 63  6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 65  64 20 76 69 64 65 6F 20  61 6E 64 20 61 75 64 69  am for compressed video and audi
00002D20  6F 20 6F 70 74 69 6D 69  7A 65 64 20 74 6F 20 66  69 74 20 69 6E 74 6F 20  61 20 62 61 6E 64 77 69  o optimized to fit into a bandwi
00002D40  64 74 68 20 28 64 61 74  61 20 72 61 74 65 29 20  6F 66 20 31 2E 35 20 4D  62 69 74 73 2F 73 2E 20  dth (data rate) of 1.5 Mbits/s. 
00002D60  20 54 68 69 73 20 72 61  74 65 20 69 73 20 73 70  65 63 69 61 6C 20 62 65  63 61 75 73 65 20 69 74   This rate is special because it
00002D80  20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20  64 61 74 61 20 72 61 74  65 20 6F 66 20 28 75 6E  63 6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73   is the data rate of (uncompress
00002DA0  65 64 29 20 61 75 64 69  6F 20 43 44 27 73 20 61  6E 64 20 44 41 54 27 73  2E 20 54 68 65 20 64 72  ed) audio CD's and DAT's. The dr
00002DC0  61 66 74 20 69 73 20 69  6E 20 74 68 72 65 65 20  70 61 72 74 73 2C 20 76  69 64 65 6F 2C 20 61 75  aft is in three parts, video, au
00002DE0  64 69 6F 2C 20 61 6E 64  20 73 79 73 74 65 6D 73  2C 20 77 68 65 72 65 20  74 68 65 20 6C 61 73 74  dio, and systems, where the last
00002E00  20 70 61 72 74 20 67 69  76 65 73 20 74 68 65 20  69 6E 74 65 67 72 61 74  69 6F 6E 20 6F 66 20 74   part gives the integration of t
00002E20  68 65 20 61 75 64 69 6F  20 61 6E 64 20 76 69 64  65 6F 20 73 74 72 65 61  6D 73 20 77 69 74 68 20  he audio and video streams with 
00002E40  74 68 65 20 70 72 6F 70  65 72 20 74 69 6D 65 73  74 61 6D 70 69 6E 67 20  74 6F 20 61 6C 6C 6F 77  the proper timestamping to allow
00002E60  20 73 79 6E 63 68 72 6F  6E 69 7A 61 74 69 6F 6E  20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20  74 77 6F 2E 20 54 68 65   synchronization of the two. The
00002E80  79 20 68 61 76 65 20 61  6C 73 6F 20 67 6F 74 74  65 6E 20 77 65 6C 6C 20  69 6E 74 6F 20 4D 50 45  y have also gotten well into MPE
00002EA0  47 20 70 68 61 73 65 20  49 49 2C 20 77 68 6F 73  65 20 74 61 73 6B 20 69  73 20 74 6F 20 64 65 66  G phase II, whose task is to def
00002EC0  69 6E 65 20 61 20 62 69  74 73 74 72 65 61 6D 20  66 6F 72 20 76 69 64 65  6F 20 61 6E 64 20 61 75  ine a bitstream for video and au
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00002F00  73 2F 73 2E 00 00 62 00  00 00 32 00 00 00 45 87  00 00 8C 8A 00 00 30 00  00 00 20 30 80 64 00 80  s/s...b...2...Eç..îè..0... 0Çd.Ç
00002F20  00 00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9  D9 80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A  55 F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  ....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ..Return t
00002F40  6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64  75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20  00 00 52 65 74 75 72 6E  20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74  o Introduction. ..Return to Cont
00002F60  65 6E 74 73 00 20 00 00  45 00 00 00 14 00 00 00  2A 8A 00 00 D1 8A 00 00  31 00 00 00 02 83 08 00  ents. ..E......*è..è..1...â.
00002F80  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF 0F 00 00 00 FF FF FF  FF D1 8A 00 00 1B C3 00  00 48 6F 77 20 64 6F 65  .        ...    è....How doe
00002FA0  73 20 4D 50 45 47 20 49  20 77 6F 72 6B DC 07 00  00 AF 07 00 00 8C 8A 00  00 B9 C2 00 00 2D 00 00  s MPEG I work..»..îè....-..
00002FC0  00 20 28 80 5F 0F 00 80  00 00 00 00 80 0D 00 82  80 0E 00 82 80 09 00 82  82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E 20  . (Ç_.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. 
00002FE0  53 6F 20 68 6F 77 20 64  6F 65 73 20 4D 50 45 47  20 49 20 77 6F 72 6B 3F  20 00 00 00 41 2E 20 46  So how does MPEG I work? ...A. F
00003000  69 72 73 74 20 6F 66 66  2C 20 69 74 20 73 74 61  72 74 73 20 77 69 74 68  20 61 20 72 65 6C 61 74  irst off, it starts with a relat
00003020  69 76 65 6C 79 20 6C 6F  77 20 72 65 73 6F 6C 75  74 69 6F 6E 20 76 69 64  65 6F 73 65 71 75 65 6E  ively low resolution videosequen
00003040  63 65 20 28 70 6F 73 73  69 62 6C 79 20 64 65 63  69 6D 61 74 65 64 20 66  72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20  ce (possibly decimated from the 
00003060  6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C  29 20 6F 66 20 61 62 6F  75 74 20 33 35 32 20 62  79 20 32 34 30 20 66 72  original) of about 352 by 240 fr
00003080  61 6D 65 73 20 62 79 20  33 30 20 66 72 61 6D 65  73 2F 73 20 28 55 53 2D  2D 64 69 66 66 65 72 65  ames by 30 frames/s (US--differe
000030A0  6E 74 20 6E 75 6D 62 65  72 73 20 66 6F 72 20 45  75 72 6F 70 65 29 2C 20  62 75 74 20 6F 72 69 67  nt numbers for Europe), but orig
000030C0  69 6E 61 6C 20 68 69 67  68 20 28 43 44 29 20 71  75 61 6C 69 74 79 20 61  75 64 69 6F 2E 20 20 54  inal high (CD) quality audio.  T
000030E0  68 65 20 69 6D 61 67 65  73 20 61 72 65 20 69 6E  20 63 6F 6C 6F 72 2C 20  62 75 74 20 63 6F 6E 76  he images are in color, but conv
00003100  65 72 74 65 64 20 74 6F  20 59 55 56 20 73 70 61  63 65 2C 20 61 6E 64 20  74 68 65 20 74 77 6F 20  erted to YUV space, and the two 
00003120  63 68 72 6F 6D 69 6E 61  6E 63 65 20 63 68 61 6E  6E 65 6C 73 20 28 55 20  61 6E 64 20 56 29 20 61  chrominance channels (U and V) a
00003140  72 65 20 64 65 63 69 6D  61 74 65 64 20 66 75 72  74 68 65 72 20 74 6F 20  31 37 36 20 62 79 20 31  re decimated further to 176 by 1
00003160  32 30 20 70 69 78 65 6C  73 2E 20 20 49 74 20 74  75 72 6E 73 20 6F 75 74  20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6F  20 pixels.  It turns out that yo
00003180  75 20 63 61 6E 20 67 65  74 20 61 77 61 79 20 77  69 74 68 20 61 20 6C 6F  74 20 6C 65 73 73 20 72  u can get away with a lot less r
000031A0  65 73 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F  6E 20 69 6E 20 74 68 6F  73 65 20 63 68 61 6E 6E  65 6C 73 20 61 6E 64 20  esolution in those channels and 
000031C0  6E 6F 74 20 6E 6F 74 69  63 65 20 69 74 2C 20 61  74 20 6C 65 61 73 74 20  69 6E 20 22 6E 61 74 75  not notice it, at least in "natu
000031E0  72 61 6C 22 20 28 6E 6F  74 20 63 6F 6D 70 75 74  65 72 20 67 65 6E 65 72  61 74 65 64 29 20 69 6D  ral" (not computer generated) im
00003200  61 67 65 73 2E 54 68 65  20 62 61 73 69 63 20 73  63 68 65 6D 65 20 69 73  20 74 6F 20 70 72 65 64  ages.The basic scheme is to pred
00003220  69 63 74 20 6D 6F 74 69  6F 6E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  66 72 61 6D 65 20 74 6F  20 66 72 61 6D 65 20 69  ict motion from frame to frame i
00003240  6E 20 74 68 65 20 74 65  6D 70 6F 72 61 6C 20 64  69 72 65 63 74 69 6F 6E  2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68  n the temporal direction, and th
00003260  65 6E 20 74 6F 20 75 73  65 20 44 43 54 27 73 20  28 64 69 73 63 72 65 74  65 20 63 6F 73 69 6E 65  en to use DCT's (discrete cosine
00003280  20 74 72 61 6E 73 66 6F  72 6D 73 29 20 74 6F 20  6F 72 67 61 6E 69 7A 65  20 74 68 65 20 72 65 64   transforms) to organize the red
000032A0  75 6E 64 61 6E 63 79 20  69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73  70 61 74 69 61 6C 20 64  69 72 65 63 74 69 6F 6E  undancy in the spatial direction
000032C0  73 2E 20 54 68 65 20 44  43 54 27 73 20 61 72 65  20 64 6F 6E 65 20 6F 6E  20 38 78 38 20 62 6C 6F  s. The DCT's are done on 8x8 blo
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00003300  73 20 64 6F 6E 65 20 69  6E 20 74 68 65 20 6C 75  6D 69 6E 61 6E 63 65 20  28 59 29 20 63 68 61 6E  s done in the luminance (Y) chan
00003320  6E 65 6C 20 6F 6E 20 31  36 78 31 36 20 62 6C 6F  63 6B 73 2E 20 20 49 6E  20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 77  nel on 16x16 blocks.  In other w
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000033C0  69 6F 75 73 20 6F 72 20  66 75 74 75 72 65 20 66  72 61 6D 65 20 28 74 68  65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20  ious or future frame (there are 
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000034E0  B9 C2 00 00 8C 8A 00 00  74 68 65 6D 20 62 79 20  73 6F 6D 65 20 76 61 6C  75 65 20 74 6F 20 64 72  ..îè..them by some value to dr
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00003680  74 61 62 6C 65 73 2E 20  20 54 68 65 20 44 43 54  20 63 6F 65 66 66 69 63  69 65 6E 74 73 20 68 61  tables.  The DCT coefficients ha
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000036E0  20 63 6F 64 65 20 73 70  65 63 69 66 69 65 73 20  61 20 72 75 6E 2D 6C 65  6E 67 74 68 20 6F 66 20   code specifies a run-length of 
00003700  7A 65 72 6F 73 20 61 6E  64 20 74 68 65 20 6E 6F  6E 2D 7A 65 72 6F 20 76  61 6C 75 65 20 74 68 61  zeros and the non-zero value tha
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00003760  65 6E 74 73 20 61 72 65  20 44 50 43 4D 20 28 73  75 62 74 72 61 63 74 65  64 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74  ents are DPCM (subtracted from t
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000037A0  00 1B C3 00 00 30 00 00  00 20 30 80 64 00 80 00  00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9 D9  80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55  ...0... 0Çd.Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU
000037C0  F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00 52  65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00  %ëé ..Return to Introduction. .
000037E0  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65  6E 74 73 00 20 00 00 5F  00 00 00 2E 00 00 00 B9  .Return to Contents. .._.......
00003800  C2 00 00 7A C3 00 00 31  00 00 00 02 79 09 00 00  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  10 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF  ..z..1...y..        ...    
00003820  7A C3 00 00 94 CC 00 00  53 6F 20 69 73 20 65 61  63 68 20 66 72 61 6D 65  20 70 72 65 64 69 63 74  z..ö..So is each frame predict
00003840  65 64 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  74 68 65 20 6C 61 73 74  20 66 72 61 6D 65 FF 04  00 00 D2 04 00 00 1B C3  ed from the last frame ....
00003860  00 00 79 C8 00 00 2D 00  00 00 20 28 80 A5 09 00  80 00 00 00 00 80 0D 00  82 80 0E 00 82 80 09 00  ..y..-... (ÇÑ.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.
00003880  82 82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E  20 53 6F 20 69 73 20 65  61 63 68 20 66 72 61 6D  65 20 70 72 65 64 69 63  éé ...Q. So is each frame predic
000038A0  74 65 64 20 66 72 6F 6D  20 74 68 65 20 6C 61 73  74 20 66 72 61 6D 65 3F  20 00 00 00 41 2E 20 4E  ted from the last frame? ...A. N
000038C0  6F 2E 54 68 65 20 73 63  68 65 6D 65 20 69 73 20  61 20 6C 69 74 74 6C 65  20 6D 6F 72 65 20 63 6F  o.The scheme is a little more co
000038E0  6D 70 6C 69 63 61 74 65  64 20 74 68 61 6E 20 74  68 61 74 2E 20 54 68 65  72 65 20 61 72 65 20 74  mplicated than that. There are t
00003900  68 72 65 65 20 74 79 70  65 73 20 6F 66 20 63 6F  64 65 64 20 66 72 61 6D  65 73 2E 20 54 68 65 72  hree types of coded frames. Ther
00003920  65 20 61 72 65 20 22 49  22 20 6F 72 20 69 6E 74  72 61 20 66 72 61 6D 65  73 2E 20 54 68 65 79 20  e are "I" or intra frames. They 
00003940  61 72 65 20 73 69 6D 70  6C 79 20 61 20 66 72 61  6D 65 20 63 6F 64 65 64  20 61 73 20 61 20 73 74  are simply a frame coded as a st
00003960  69 6C 6C 20 69 6D 61 67  65 2C 20 6E 6F 74 20 75  73 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 79  20 70 61 73 74 20 68 69  ill image, not using any past hi
00003980  73 74 6F 72 79 2E 20 20  59 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65  20 74 6F 20 73 74 61 72  74 20 73 6F 6D 65 77 68  story.  You have to start somewh
000039A0  65 72 65 2E 20 20 54 68  65 6E 20 74 68 65 72 65  20 61 72 65 20 22 50 22  20 6F 72 20 70 72 65 64  ere.  Then there are "P" or pred
000039C0  69 63 74 65 64 20 66 72  61 6D 65 73 2E 20 54 68  65 79 20 61 72 65 20 70  72 65 64 69 63 74 65 64  icted frames. They are predicted
000039E0  20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68  65 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 72  65 63 65 6E 74 6C 79 20  72 65 63 6F 6E 73 74 72   from the most recently reconstr
00003A00  75 63 74 65 64 20 49 20  6F 72 20 50 20 66 72 61  6D 65 2E 20 20 28 49 27  6D 20 64 65 73 63 72 69  ucted I or P frame.  (I'm descri
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00003A40  20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20  64 65 63 6F 6D 70 72 65  73 73 6F 72 2E 29 20 20  45 61 63 68 20 6D 61 63   of the decompressor.)  Each mac
00003A60  72 6F 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20  69 6E 20 61 20 50 20 66  72 61 6D 65 20 63 61 6E  20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20  roblock in a P frame can either 
00003A80  63 6F 6D 65 20 77 69 74  68 20 61 20 76 65 63 74  6F 72 20 61 6E 64 20 64  69 66 66 65 72 65 6E 63  come with a vector and differenc
00003AA0  65 20 44 43 54 20 63 6F  65 66 66 69 63 69 65 6E  74 73 20 66 6F 72 20 61  20 63 6C 6F 73 65 20 6D  e DCT coefficients for a close m
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00003B20  67 6F 6F 64 20 6D 61 74  63 68 2E 4C 61 73 74 6C  79 2C 20 74 68 65 72 65  20 61 72 65 20 22 42 22  good match.Lastly, there are "B"
00003B40  20 6F 72 20 62 69 64 69  72 65 63 74 69 6F 6E 61  6C 20 66 72 61 6D 65 73  2E 20 54 68 65 79 20 61   or bidirectional frames. They a
00003B60  72 65 20 70 72 65 64 69  63 74 65 64 20 66 72 6F  6D 20 74 68 65 20 63 6C  6F 73 65 73 74 20 74 77  re predicted from the closest tw
00003B80  6F 20 49 20 6F 72 20 50  20 66 72 61 6D 65 73 2C  20 6F 6E 65 20 69 6E 20  74 68 65 20 70 61 73 74  o I or P frames, one in the past
00003BA0  20 61 6E 64 20 6F 6E 65  20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20  66 75 74 75 72 65 2E 20  20 59 6F 75 20 73 65 61   and one in the future.  You sea
00003BC0  72 63 68 20 66 6F 72 20  6D 61 74 63 68 69 6E 67  20 62 6C 6F 63 6B 73 20  69 6E 20 74 68 6F 73 65  rch for matching blocks in those
00003BE0  20 66 72 61 6D 65 73 2C  20 61 6E 64 20 74 72 79  20 74 68 72 65 65 20 64  69 66 66 65 72 65 6E 74   frames, and try three different
00003C00  20 74 68 69 6E 67 73 20  74 6F 20 73 65 65 20 77  68 69 63 68 20 77 6F 72  6B 73 20 62 65 73 74 2E   things to see which works best.
00003C20  20 20 28 4E 6F 77 20 49  20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68  65 20 70 6F 69 6E 74 20  6F 66 20 76 69 65 77 20    (Now I have the point of view 
00003C40  6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 63  6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 6F  72 2C 20 6A 75 73 74 20  74 6F 20 63 6F 6E 66 75  of the compressor, just to confu
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00003CA0  20 61 6E 64 20 79 6F 75  20 74 72 79 20 61 76 65  72 61 67 69 6E 67 20 74  68 65 20 74 77 6F 20 62   and you try averaging the two b
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00003D00  20 74 68 65 20 62 6C 6F  63 6B 20 62 65 69 6E 67  20 63 6F 64 65 64 2E 20  20 49 66 20 6E 6F 6E 65   the block being coded.  If none
00003D20  20 6F 66 20 74 68 6F 73  65 20 77 6F 72 6B 20 77  65 6C 6C 2C 20 79 6F 75  20 63 61 6E 20 69 6E 74   of those work well, you can int
00003D40  72 61 2D 20 63 6F 64 65  20 74 68 65 20 62 6C 6F  63 6B 2E 00 00 B9 03 00  00 93 03 00 00 7A C3 00  ra- code the block.....ô..z.
00003D60  00 32 CC 00 00 26 00 00  00 20 1A 80 27 07 00 80  00 00 00 00 80 09 00 82  82 82 FF 00 54 68 65 20  .2..&... Ç'.Ç....Ç.ééé .The 
00003D80  73 65 71 75 65 6E 63 65  20 6F 66 20 64 65 63 6F  64 65 64 20 66 72 61 6D  65 73 20 75 73 75 61 6C  sequence of decoded frames usual
00003DA0  6C 79 20 67 6F 65 73 20  6C 69 6B 65 3A 00 20 20  49 42 42 50 42 42 50 42  42 50 42 42 49 42 42 50  ly goes like:.  IBBPBBPBBPBBIBBP
00003DC0  42 42 50 42 2E 2E 2E 20  00 57 68 65 72 65 20 74  68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65  20 31 32 20 66 72 61 6D  BBPB... .Where there are 12 fram
00003DE0  65 73 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  49 20 74 6F 20 49 20 28  66 6F 72 20 55 53 20 61  6E 64 20 4A 61 70 61 6E  es from I to I (for US and Japan
00003E00  20 61 6E 79 77 61 79 2E  29 20 54 68 69 73 20 69  73 20 62 61 73 65 64 20  6F 6E 20 61 20 72 61 6E   anyway.) This is based on a ran
00003E20  64 6F 6D 20 61 63 63 65  73 73 20 72 65 71 75 69  72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 74  68 61 74 20 79 6F 75 20  dom access requirement that you 
00003E40  6E 65 65 64 20 61 20 73  74 61 72 74 69 6E 67 20  70 6F 69 6E 74 20 61 74  20 6C 65 61 73 74 20 6F  need a starting point at least o
00003E60  6E 63 65 20 65 76 65 72  79 20 30 2E 34 20 73 65  63 6F 6E 64 73 20 6F 72  20 73 6F 2E 20 20 54 68  nce every 0.4 seconds or so.  Th
00003E80  65 20 72 61 74 69 6F 20  6F 66 20 50 27 73 20 74  6F 20 42 27 73 20 69 73  20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6F  e ratio of P's to B's is based o
00003EA0  6E 20 65 78 70 65 72 69  65 6E 63 65 2E 4F 66 20  63 6F 75 72 73 65 2C 20  66 6F 72 20 74 68 65 20  n experience.Of course, for the 
00003EC0  64 65 63 6F 64 65 72 20  74 6F 20 77 6F 72 6B 2C  20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76  65 20 74 6F 20 73 65 6E  decoder to work, you have to sen
00003EE0  64 20 74 68 61 74 20 66  69 72 73 74 20 50 20 2A  62 65 66 6F 72 65 2A 20  74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73  d that first P *before* the firs
00003F00  74 20 74 77 6F 20 42 27  73 2C 20 73 6F 20 74 68  65 20 63 6F 6D 70 72 65  73 73 65 64 20 64 61 74  t two B's, so the compressed dat
00003F20  61 20 73 74 72 65 61 6D  20 65 6E 64 73 20 75 70  20 6C 6F 6F 6B 69 6E 67  20 6C 69 6B 65 3A 30 78  a stream ends up looking like:0x
00003F40  78 33 31 32 36 34 35 2E  2E 2E 77 68 65 72 65 20  74 68 6F 73 65 20 61 72  65 20 66 72 61 6D 65 20  x312645...where those are frame 
00003F60  6E 75 6D 62 65 72 73 2E  20 20 78 78 20 6D 69 67  68 74 20 62 65 20 6E 6F  74 68 69 6E 67 20 28 69  numbers.  xx might be nothing (i
00003F80  66 20 74 68 69 73 20 69  73 20 74 68 65 20 74 72  75 65 20 73 74 61 72 74  69 6E 67 20 70 6F 69 6E  f this is the true starting poin
00003FA0  74 29 2C 20 6F 72 20 69  74 20 6D 69 67 68 74 20  62 65 20 74 68 65 20 42  27 73 20 6F 66 20 66 72  t), or it might be the B's of fr
00003FC0  61 6D 65 73 20 2D 32 20  61 6E 64 20 2D 31 20 69  66 20 77 65 27 72 65 20  69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6D  ames -2 and -1 if we're in the m
00003FE0  69 64 64 6C 65 20 6F 66  20 74 68 65 20 73 74 72  65 61 6D 20 73 6F 6D 65  77 68 65 72 65 2E 59 6F  iddle of the stream somewhere.Yo
00004000  75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74  6F 20 64 65 63 6F 64 65  20 74 68 65 20 49 2C 20  74 68 65 6E 20 64 65 63  u have to decode the I, then dec
00004020  6F 64 65 20 74 68 65 20  50 2C 20 6B 65 65 70 20  62 6F 74 68 20 6F 66 20  74 68 6F 73 65 20 69 6E  ode the P, keep both of those in
00004040  20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 2C  20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65  6E 20 64 65 63 6F 64 65  20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6F   memory, and then decode the two
00004060  20 42 27 73 2E 20 20 59  6F 75 20 70 72 6F 62 61  62 6C 79 20 64 69 73 70  6C 61 79 20 74 68 65 20   B's.  You probably display the 
00004080  49 20 77 68 69 6C 65 20  79 6F 75 27 72 65 20 64  65 63 6F 64 69 6E 67 20  74 68 65 20 50 2C 20 61  I while you're decoding the P, a
000040A0  6E 64 20 64 69 73 70 6C  61 79 20 74 68 65 20 42  27 73 20 61 73 20 79 6F  75 27 72 65 20 64 65 63  nd display the B's as you're dec
000040C0  6F 64 69 6E 67 20 74 68  65 6D 2C 20 61 6E 64 20  74 68 65 6E 20 64 69 73  70 6C 61 79 20 74 68 65  oding them, and then display the
000040E0  20 50 20 61 73 20 79 6F  75 27 72 65 20 64 65 63  6F 64 69 6E 67 20 74 68  65 20 6E 65 78 74 20 50   P as you're decoding the next P
00004100  2C 20 61 6E 64 20 73 6F  20 6F 6E 2E 00 00 62 00  00 00 32 00 00 00 79 C8  00 00 94 CC 00 00 30 00  , and so on...b...2...y..ö..0.
00004120  00 00 20 30 80 64 00 80  00 00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9  D9 80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A  55 F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00  .. 0Çd.Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ..
00004140  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64  75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20  00 00 52 65 74 75 72 6E  Return to Introduction. ..Return
00004160  20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74  65 6E 74 73 00 20 00 00  5A 00 00 00 29 00 00 00  32 CC 00 00 EE CC 00 00   to Contents. ..Z...)...2..ε..
00004180  31 00 00 00 02 FC 03 00  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF 11 00 00 00 FF FF FF  FF EE CC 00 00 6C 00 01  1.....        ...    ε..l.
000041A0  00 57 68 65 72 65 20 64  69 64 20 74 68 65 79 20  67 65 74 20 74 68 65 20  33 35 32 78 32 34 30 20  .Where did they get the 352x240 
000041C0  69 6D 61 67 65 20 73 69  7A 65 72 03 00 00 45 03  00 00 94 CC 00 00 6C 00  01 00 2D 00 00 00 20 28  image sizer..E..ö..l..-... (
000041E0  80 8B 06 00 80 00 00 00  00 80 09 00 82 80 06 00  82 80 09 00 82 82 FF 00  00 00 51 2E 20 57 68 65  Çï.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. Whe
00004200  72 65 20 64 69 64 20 74  68 65 79 20 67 65 74 20  33 35 32 78 32 34 30 20  69 6D 61 67 65 20 73 69  re did they get 352x240 image si
00004220  7A 65 3F 20 00 00 00 41  2E 20 54 68 61 74 20 64  65 72 69 76 65 73 20 66  72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20  ze? ...A. That derives from the 
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00004520  74 68 69 6E 67 73 20 64  69 76 69 64 65 20 62 79  20 38 20 6F 72 20 31 36  20 77 68 65 72 65 20 6E  things divide by 8 or 16 where n
00004540  65 65 64 65 64 2E 00 00  46 00 00 00 15 00 00 00  EE CC 00 00 B2 00 01 00  31 00 00 00 02 2B 02 00  eeded...F...§...ε....1...+.
00004560  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF 12 00 00 00 FF FF FF  FF B2 00 01 00 97 02 01  00 57 68 61 74 20 69 66  .        ...    ..ù.What if
00004580  20 49 27 6D 20 69 6E 20  45 75 72 6F 70 65 E5 01  00 00 A7 01 00 00 6C 00  01 00 97 02 01 00 3E 00   I'm in Europeσ..º..l..ù.>.
000045A0  00 00 20 4A 80 4F 03 00  80 00 00 00 00 80 09 00  82 80 06 00 82 80 09 00  82 82 E3 74 DC E9 D9 80  .. JÇO.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.ééπtΘÇ
000045C0  05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55 F4  25 89 82 FF 00 00 00 51  2E 20 57 68 61 74 20 69  66 20 49 27 6D 20 69 6E  .ëéπèU%ëé ...Q. What if I'm in
000045E0  20 45 75 72 6F 70 65 3F  20 00 20 00 00 41 2E 20  46 6F 72 20 35 30 20 48  7A 20 64 69 73 70 6C 61   Europe? . ..A. For 50 Hz displa
00004600  79 20 73 74 61 6E 64 61  72 64 73 20 28 50 41 4C  2C 20 53 45 43 41 4D 29  20 63 68 61 6E 67 65 20  y standards (PAL, SECAM) change 
00004620  74 68 65 20 6E 75 6D 62  65 72 20 6F 66 20 6C 69  6E 65 73 20 69 6E 20 61  20 66 69 65 6C 64 20 66  the number of lines in a field f
00004640  72 6F 6D 20 32 34 33 20  6F 72 20 32 34 30 20 74  6F 20 32 38 38 2C 20 61  6E 64 20 63 68 61 6E 67  rom 243 or 240 to 288, and chang
00004660  65 20 74 68 65 20 64 69  73 70 6C 61 79 20 72 61  74 65 20 74 6F 20 35 30  20 66 69 65 6C 64 73 2F  e the display rate to 50 fields/
00004680  73 20 6F 72 20 32 35 20  66 72 61 6D 65 73 2F 73  2E 20 20 53 69 6D 69 6C  61 72 6C 79 2C 20 63 68  s or 25 frames/s.  Similarly, ch
000046A0  61 6E 67 65 20 74 68 65  20 31 32 30 20 6C 69 6E  65 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68  65 20 64 65 63 69 6D 61  ange the 120 lines in the decima
000046C0  74 65 64 20 63 68 72 6F  6D 69 6E 61 6E 63 65 20  63 68 61 6E 6E 65 6C 73  20 74 6F 20 31 34 34 20  ted chrominance channels to 144 
000046E0  6C 69 6E 65 73 2E 20 20  53 69 6E 63 65 20 32 38  38 2A 35 30 20 69 73 20  65 78 61 63 74 6C 79 20  lines.  Since 288*50 is exactly 
00004700  65 71 75 61 6C 20 74 6F  20 32 34 30 2A 36 30 2C  20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6F  20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 73  equal to 240*60, the two formats
00004720  20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68  65 20 73 61 6D 65 20 73  6F 75 72 63 65 20 64 61  74 61 20 72 61 74 65 2E   have the same source data rate.
00004740  00 00 00 52 65 74 75 72  6E 20 74 6F 20 49 6E 74  72 6F 64 75 63 74 69 6F  6E 00 20 00 00 52 65 74  ...Return to Introduction. ..Ret
00004760  75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 43  6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 00  20 00 00 4D 00 00 00 1C  00 00 00 B2 00 01 00 E4  urn to Contents. ..M........Σ
00004780  02 01 00 31 00 00 00 02  2C 05 00 00 FF FF FF FF  FF FF FF FF 13 00 00 00  FF FF FF FF E4 02 01 00  .1...,..        ...    Σ.
000047A0  C3 07 01 00 57 68 61 74  20 61 62 6F 75 74 20 61  75 64 69 6F 20 63 6F 6D  70 72 65 73 73 69 6F 6E  .What about audio compression
000047C0  7D 04 00 00 50 04 00 00  97 02 01 00 61 07 01 00  2D 00 00 00 20 28 80 A1  08 00 80 00 00 00 00 80  }..P..ù.a.-... (Çí.Ç....Ç
000047E0  09 00 82 80 06 00 82 80  09 00 82 82 FF 00 00 00  51 2E 20 57 68 61 74 20  61 62 6F 75 74 20 61 75  .éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. What about au
00004800  64 69 6F 20 63 6F 6D 70  72 65 73 73 69 6F 6E 2E  20 00 00 00 41 2E 20 57  65 6C 6C 2C 20 49 20 64  dio compression. ...A. Well, I d
00004820  6F 6E 27 74 20 6B 6E 6F  77 20 61 73 20 6D 75 63  68 20 61 62 6F 75 74 20  74 68 65 20 61 75 64 69  on't know as much about the audi
00004840  6F 20 63 6F 6D 70 72 65  73 73 69 6F 6E 2E 20 42  61 73 69 63 61 6C 6C 79  20 74 68 65 79 20 75 73  o compression. Basically they us
00004860  65 20 76 65 72 79 20 63  61 72 65 66 75 6C 6C 79  20 64 65 76 65 6C 6F 70  65 64 20 70 73 79 63 68  e very carefully developed psych
00004880  6F 61 63 6F 75 73 74 69  63 20 6D 6F 64 65 6C 73  20 64 65 72 69 76 65 64  20 66 72 6F 6D 20 65 78  oacoustic models derived from ex
000048A0  70 65 72 69 6D 65 6E 74  73 20 77 69 74 68 20 74  68 65 20 62 65 73 74 20  6F 62 74 61 69 6E 61 62  periments with the best obtainab
000048C0  6C 65 20 6C 69 73 74 65  6E 65 72 73 20 74 6F 20  70 69 63 6B 20 6F 75 74  20 70 69 65 63 65 73 20  le listeners to pick out pieces 
000048E0  6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73  6F 75 6E 64 20 74 68 61  74 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61  6E 27 74 20 68 65 61 72  of the sound that you can't hear
00004900  2E 20 20 54 68 65 72 65  20 61 72 65 20 77 68 61  74 20 61 72 65 20 63 61  6C 6C 65 64 20 22 6D 61  .  There are what are called "ma
00004920  73 6B 69 6E 67 22 20 65  66 66 65 63 74 73 20 77  68 65 72 65 2C 20 66 6F  72 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C  sking" effects where, for exampl
00004940  65 2C 20 61 20 6C 61 72  67 65 20 63 6F 6D 70 6F  6E 65 6E 74 20 61 74 20  6F 6E 65 20 66 72 65 71  e, a large component at one freq
00004960  75 65 6E 63 79 20 77 69  6C 6C 20 70 72 65 76 65  6E 74 20 79 6F 75 20 66  72 6F 6D 20 68 65 61 72  uency will prevent you from hear
00004980  69 6E 67 20 6C 6F 77 65  72 20 65 6E 65 72 67 79  20 70 61 72 74 73 20 61  74 20 6E 65 61 72 62 79  ing lower energy parts at nearby
000049A0  20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6E  63 69 65 73 2C 20 77 68  65 72 65 20 74 68 65 20  72 65 6C 61 74 69 76 65   frequencies, where the relative
000049C0  20 65 6E 65 72 67 79 20  76 73 2E 20 66 72 65 71  75 65 6E 63 79 20 74 68  61 74 20 69 73 20 6D 61   energy vs. frequency that is ma
000049E0  73 6B 65 64 20 69 73 20  64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65  64 20 62 79 20 73 6F 6D  65 20 65 6D 70 69 72 69  sked is described by some empiri
00004A00  63 61 6C 20 63 75 72 76  65 2E 20 20 54 68 65 72  65 20 61 72 65 20 73 69  6D 69 6C 61 72 20 74 65  cal curve.  There are similar te
00004A20  6D 70 6F 72 61 6C 20 6D  61 73 6B 69 6E 67 20 65  66 66 65 63 74 73 2C 20  61 73 20 77 65 6C 6C 20  mporal masking effects, as well 
00004A40  61 73 20 73 6F 6D 65 20  6D 6F 72 65 20 63 6F 6D  70 6C 69 63 61 74 65 64  20 69 6E 74 65 72 61 63  as some more complicated interac
00004A60  74 69 6F 6E 73 20 77 68  65 72 65 20 61 20 74 65  6D 70 6F 72 61 6C 20 65  66 66 65 63 74 20 63 61  tions where a temporal effect ca
00004A80  6E 20 75 6E 6D 61 73 6B  20 61 20 66 72 65 71 75  65 6E 63 79 2C 20 61 6E  64 20 76 69 63 65 2D 76  n unmask a frequency, and vice-v
00004AA0  65 72 73 61 2E 54 68 65  20 73 6F 75 6E 64 20 69  73 20 62 72 6F 6B 65 6E  20 75 70 20 69 6E 74 6F  ersa.The sound is broken up into
00004AC0  20 73 70 65 63 74 72 61  6C 20 63 68 75 6E 6B 73  20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20  68 79 62 72 69 64 20 73   spectral chunks with a hybrid s
00004AE0  63 68 65 6D 65 20 74 68  61 74 20 63 6F 6D 62 69  6E 65 73 20 73 69 6E 65  20 74 72 61 6E 73 66 6F  cheme that combines sine transfo
00004B00  72 6D 73 20 77 69 74 68  20 73 75 62 62 61 6E 64  20 74 72 61 6E 73 66 6F  72 6D 73 2C 20 61 6E 64  rms with subband transforms, and
00004B20  20 74 68 65 20 70 73 79  63 68 6F 61 63 6F 75 73  74 69 63 20 6D 6F 64 65  6C 20 77 72 69 74 74 65   the psychoacoustic model writte
00004B40  6E 20 69 6E 20 74 65 72  6D 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68  6F 73 65 20 63 68 75 6E  6B 73 2E 20 57 68 61 74  n in terms of those chunks. What
00004B60  65 76 65 72 20 63 61 6E  20 62 65 20 72 65 6D 6F  76 65 64 20 6F 72 20 72  65 64 75 63 65 64 20 69  ever can be removed or reduced i
00004B80  6E 20 70 72 65 63 69 73  69 6F 6E 20 69 73 2C 20  61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20  72 65 6D 61 69 6E 64 65  n precision is, and the remainde
00004BA0  72 20 69 73 20 73 65 6E  74 2E 20 20 49 74 27 73  20 61 20 6C 69 74 74 6C  65 20 6D 6F 72 65 20 63  r is sent.  It's a little more c
00004BC0  6F 6D 70 6C 69 63 61 74  65 64 20 74 68 61 6E 20  74 68 61 74 2C 20 73 69  6E 63 65 20 74 68 65 20  omplicated than that, since the 
00004BE0  62 69 74 73 20 68 61 76  65 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20  61 6C 6C 6F 63 61 74 65  64 20 61 63 72 6F 73 73  bits have to be allocated across
00004C00  20 74 68 65 20 62 61 6E  64 73 2E 20 20 41 6E 64  2C 20 6F 66 20 63 6F 75  72 73 65 2C 20 77 68 61   the bands.  And, of course, wha
00004C20  74 20 69 73 20 73 65 6E  74 20 69 73 20 65 6E 74  72 6F 70 79 20 63 6F 64  65 64 2E 00 00 62 00 00  t is sent is entropy coded...b..
00004C40  00 32 00 00 00 E4 02 01  00 C3 07 01 00 30 00 00  00 20 30 80 64 00 80 00  00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9 D9  .2...Σ..0... 0Çd.Ç....πtΘ
00004C60  80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55  F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00 52  65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  Ç.ëéπèU%ëé ..Return to Introdu
00004C80  63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65  6E 74 73 00 20 00 00 4F  ction. ..Return to Contents. ..O
00004CA0  00 00 00 1E 00 00 00 61  07 01 00 12 08 01 00 31  00 00 00 02 BA 05 00 00  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  ......a..1.....        
00004CC0  14 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF  12 08 01 00 7D 0D 01 00  53 6F 20 68 6F 77 20 77  65 6C 6C 20 64 6F 65 73  ...    .}.So how well does
00004CE0  20 4D 50 45 47 20 63 6F  6D 70 72 65 73 73 09 05  00 00 DC 04 00 00 C3 07  01 00 1B 0D 01 00 2D 00   MPEG compress......-.
00004D00  00 00 20 28 80 B9 09 00  80 00 00 00 00 80 09 00  82 80 06 00 82 80 09 00  82 82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E  .. (Ç.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q.
00004D20  20 53 6F 20 68 6F 77 20  77 65 6C 6C 20 64 6F 65  73 20 4D 50 45 47 20 63  6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 3F   So how well does MPEG compress?
00004D40  20 00 00 00 41 2E 20 41  73 20 49 20 6D 65 6E 74  69 6F 6E 65 64 20 62 65  66 6F 72 65 2C 20 61 75   ...A. As I mentioned before, au
00004D60  64 69 6F 20 43 44 20 64  61 74 61 20 72 61 74 65  73 20 61 72 65 20 61 62  6F 75 74 20 31 2E 35 20  dio CD data rates are about 1.5 
00004D80  4D 62 69 74 73 2F 73 2E  20 59 6F 75 20 63 61 6E  20 63 6F 6D 70 72 65 73  73 20 74 68 65 20 73 61  Mbits/s. You can compress the sa
00004DA0  6D 65 20 73 74 65 72 65  6F 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61  6D 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 74  6F 20 32 35 36 20 4B 62  me stereo program down to 256 Kb
00004DC0  69 74 73 2F 73 20 77 69  74 68 20 6E 6F 20 6C 6F  73 73 20 69 6E 20 64 69  73 63 65 72 6E 61 62 6C  its/s with no loss in discernabl
00004DE0  65 20 71 75 61 6C 69 74  79 2E 20 20 28 53 6F 20  74 68 65 79 20 73 61 79  2E 20 20 46 6F 72 20 74  e quality.  (So they say.  For t
00004E00  68 65 20 6D 6F 73 74 20  70 61 72 74 20 69 74 27  73 20 74 72 75 65 2C 20  62 75 74 20 65 76 65 72  he most part it's true, but ever
00004E20  79 20 6F 6E 63 65 20 69  6E 20 61 20 77 68 69 6C  65 20 61 20 77 65 69 72  64 20 74 68 69 6E 67 20  y once in a while a weird thing 
00004E40  6D 69 67 68 74 20 68 61  70 70 65 6E 20 74 68 61  74 20 79 6F 75 27 6C 6C  20 6E 6F 74 69 63 65 2E  might happen that you'll notice.
00004E60  20 20 48 6F 77 65 76 65  72 20 74 68 65 20 65 66  66 65 63 74 20 69 73 20  76 65 72 79 20 73 6D 61    However the effect is very sma
00004E80  6C 6C 2C 20 61 6E 64 20  69 74 20 74 61 6B 65 73  20 61 20 6C 69 73 74 65  6E 65 72 20 74 72 61 69  ll, and it takes a listener trai
00004EA0  6E 65 64 20 74 6F 20 6E  6F 74 69 63 65 20 74 68  65 73 65 20 70 61 72 74  69 63 75 6C 61 72 20 74  ned to notice these particular t
00004EC0  79 70 65 73 20 6F 66 20  65 66 66 65 63 74 73 2E  29 20 54 68 61 74 27 73  20 61 62 6F 75 74 20 36  ypes of effects.) That's about 6
00004EE0  3A 31 20 63 6F 6D 70 72  65 73 73 69 6F 6E 2E 20  20 53 6F 2C 20 61 20 43  44 20 4D 50 45 47 20 49  :1 compression.  So, a CD MPEG I
00004F00  20 73 74 72 65 61 6D 20  77 6F 75 6C 64 20 68 61  76 65 20 61 62 6F 75 74  20 31 2E 32 35 20 4D 42   stream would have about 1.25 MB
00004F20  69 74 73 2F 73 20 6C 65  66 74 20 66 6F 72 20 76  69 64 65 6F 2E 20 54 68  65 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72  its/s left for video. The number
00004F40  20 49 20 75 73 75 61 6C  6C 79 20 73 65 65 20 74  68 6F 75 67 68 20 69 73  20 31 2E 31 35 20 4D 42   I usually see though is 1.15 MB
00004F60  69 74 73 2F 73 20 28 6D  61 79 62 65 20 79 6F 75  20 6E 65 65 64 20 74 68  65 20 72 65 73 74 20 66  its/s (maybe you need the rest f
00004F80  6F 72 20 74 68 65 20 73  79 73 74 65 6D 20 64 61  74 61 20 73 74 72 65 61  6D 29 2E 20 20 59 6F 75  or the system data stream).  You
00004FA0  20 63 61 6E 20 74 68 65  6E 20 63 61 6C 63 75 6C  61 74 65 20 74 68 65 20  76 69 64 65 6F 20 63 6F   can then calculate the video co
00004FC0  6D 70 72 65 73 73 69 6F  6E 20 72 61 74 69 6F 20  66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65  20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 73  mpression ratio from the numbers
00004FE0  20 68 65 72 65 20 74 6F  20 62 65 20 61 62 6F 75  74 20 32 36 3A 31 2E 20  20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20   here to be about 26:1.  If you 
00005000  73 74 65 70 20 62 61 63  6B 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68  69 6E 6B 20 61 62 6F 75  74 20 74 68 61 74 2C 20  step back and think about that, 
00005020  69 74 27 73 20 6C 69 74  74 6C 65 20 73 68 6F 72  74 20 6F 66 20 61 20 6D  69 72 61 63 6C 65 2E 20  it's little short of a miracle. 
00005040  20 4F 66 20 63 6F 75 72  73 65 2C 20 69 74 27 73  20 6C 6F 73 73 79 20 63  6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 69   Of course, it's lossy compressi
00005060  6F 6E 2C 20 62 75 74 20  69 74 20 63 61 6E 20 62  65 20 70 72 65 74 74 79  20 68 61 72 64 20 73 6F  on, but it can be pretty hard so
00005080  6D 65 74 69 6D 65 73 20  74 6F 20 73 65 65 20 74  68 65 20 6C 6F 73 73 2C  20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 27  metimes to see the loss, if you'
000050A0  72 65 20 63 6F 6D 70 61  72 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65  20 53 49 46 20 6F 72 69  67 69 6E 61 6C 20 74 6F  re comparing the SIF original to
000050C0  20 74 68 65 20 53 49 46  20 64 65 63 6F 6D 70 72  65 73 73 65 64 2E 20 20  54 68 65 72 65 20 69 73   the SIF decompressed.  There is
000050E0  2C 20 68 6F 77 65 76 65  72 2C 20 61 20 76 65 72  79 20 6E 6F 74 69 63 65  61 62 6C 65 20 6C 6F 73  , however, a very noticeable los
00005100  73 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75  27 72 65 20 63 6F 6D 69  6E 67 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  43 43 49 52 2D 36 30 31  s if you're coming from CCIR-601
00005120  20 61 6E 64 20 68 61 76  65 20 74 6F 20 64 65 63  69 6D 61 74 65 20 74 6F  20 53 49 46 2C 20 62 75   and have to decimate to SIF, bu
00005140  74 20 74 68 61 74 27 73  20 61 6E 6F 74 68 65 72  20 6D 61 74 74 65 72 2E  20 20 49 27 6D 20 6E 6F  t that's another matter.  I'm no
00005160  74 20 63 6F 75 6E 74 69  6E 67 20 74 68 61 74 20  69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 32  36 3A 31 2E 54 68 65 20  t counting that in the 26:1.The 
00005180  73 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64  20 61 6C 73 6F 20 70 72  6F 76 69 64 65 73 20 66  6F 72 20 6F 74 68 65 72  standard also provides for other
000051A0  20 62 69 74 20 72 61 74  65 73 20 72 61 6E 67 69  6E 67 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  33 32 4B 62 69 74 73 2F   bit rates ranging from 32Kbits/
000051C0  73 20 66 6F 72 20 61 20  73 69 6E 67 6C 65 20 63  68 61 6E 6E 65 6C 2C 20  75 70 20 74 6F 20 34 34  s for a single channel, up to 44
000051E0  38 20 4B 62 69 74 73 2F  73 20 66 6F 72 20 73 74  65 72 65 6F 2E 00 00 62  00 00 00 32 00 00 00 12  8 Kbits/s for stereo...b...2...
00005200  08 01 00 7D 0D 01 00 30  00 00 00 20 30 80 64 00  80 00 00 00 00 E3 74 DC  E9 D9 80 05 00 89 82 E3  .}.0... 0Çd.Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπ
00005220  8A 55 F4 25 89 82 FF 00  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F  64 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00  èU%ëé ..Return to Introduction.
00005240  20 00 00 52 65 74 75 72  6E 20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E  74 65 6E 74 73 00 20 00  00 46 00 00 00 15 00 00   ..Return to Contents. ..F...§..
00005260  00 1B 0D 01 00 C3 0D 01  00 31 00 00 00 02 ED 02  00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF FF 15 00 00 00 FF FF  ...1...φ..        §...  
00005280  FF FF C3 0D 01 00 6E 40  01 00 57 68 61 74 20 69  73 20 4D 50 45 47 20 70  68 61 73 65 20 49 49 28    .n@.What is MPEG phase II(
000052A0  02 00 00 FB 01 00 00 7D  0D 01 00 0C 40 01 00 2D  00 00 00 20 28 80 F7 03  00 80 00 00 00 00 80 09  ....}.@.-... (Ç.Ç....Ç
000052C0  00 82 80 06 00 82 80 09  00 82 82 FF 00 00 00 51  2E 20 57 68 61 74 20 69  73 20 4D 50 45 47 20 70  .éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. What is MPEG p
000052E0  68 61 73 65 20 49 49 3F  20 00 00 00 41 2E 20 20  20 20 20 20 54 68 65 72  65 20 69 73 20 61 20 63  hase II? ...A.      There is a c
00005300  6F 6E 73 69 64 65 72 61  62 6C 65 20 6C 6F 73 73  20 6F 66 20 71 75 61 6C  69 74 79 20 69 6E 20 67  onsiderable loss of quality in g
00005320  6F 69 6E 67 20 66 72 6F  6D 20 43 43 49 52 2D 36  30 31 20 74 6F 20 53 49  46 20 72 65 73 6F 6C 75  oing from CCIR-601 to SIF resolu
00005340  74 69 6F 6E 2E 20 20 46  6F 72 20 65 6E 74 65 72  74 61 69 6E 6D 65 6E 74  20 76 69 64 65 6F 2C 20  tion.  For entertainment video, 
00005360  69 74 27 73 20 73 69 6D  70 6C 79 20 6E 6F 74 20  61 63 63 65 70 74 61 62  6C 65 2E 20 59 6F 75 20  it's simply not acceptable. You 
00005380  77 61 6E 74 20 74 6F 20  75 73 65 20 6D 6F 72 65  20 62 69 74 73 20 61 6E  64 20 63 6F 64 65 20 61  want to use more bits and code a
000053A0  6C 6C 20 6F 72 20 61 6C  6D 6F 73 74 20 61 6C 6C  20 74 68 65 20 43 43 49  52 2D 36 30 31 20 64 61  ll or almost all the CCIR-601 da
000053C0  74 61 2E 20 20 46 72 6F  6D 20 73 75 62 6A 65 63  74 69 76 65 20 74 65 73  74 69 6E 67 20 61 74 20  ta.  From subjective testing at 
000053E0  74 68 65 20 4A 61 70 61  6E 20 6D 65 65 74 69 6E  67 20 69 6E 20 4E 6F 76  65 6D 62 65 72 20 31 39  the Japan meeting in November 19
00005400  39 31 2C 20 69 74 20 73  65 65 6D 73 20 74 68 61  74 20 34 20 4D 42 69 74  73 2F 73 20 63 61 6E 20  91, it seems that 4 MBits/s can 
00005420  67 69 76 65 20 76 65 72  79 20 67 6F 6F 64 20 71  75 61 6C 69 74 79 20 63  6F 6D 70 61 72 65 64 20  give very good quality compared 
00005440  74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 6F  72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C 20  43 43 49 52 2D 36 30 31  20 6D 61 74 65 72 69 61  to the original CCIR-601 materia
00005460  6C 2E 20 54 68 65 20 6F  62 6A 65 63 74 69 76 65  20 6F 66 20 70 68 61 73  65 20 49 49 20 69 73 20  l. The objective of phase II is 
00005480  74 6F 20 64 65 66 69 6E  65 20 61 20 62 69 74 20  73 74 72 65 61 6D 20 6F  70 74 69 6D 69 7A 65 64  to define a bit stream optimized
000054A0  20 66 6F 72 20 74 68 65  73 65 20 72 65 73 6F 6C  75 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 61  6E 64 20 62 69 74 20 72   for these resolutions and bit r
000054C0  61 74 65 73 2E 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 C3 0D 01 00  ates.........................
000054E0  0C 40 01 00 7D 0D 01 00  62 00 00 00 32 00 00 00  C3 0D 01 00 6E 40 01 00  30 00 00 00 20 30 80 64  @.}.b...2....n@.0... 0Çd
00005500  00 80 00 00 00 00 E3 74  DC E9 D9 80 05 00 89 82  E3 8A 55 F4 25 89 82 FF  00 00 52 65 74 75 72 6E  .Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ..Return
00005520  20 74 6F 20 49 6E 74 72  6F 64 75 63 74 69 6F 6E  00 20 00 00 52 65 74 75  72 6E 20 74 6F 20 43 6F   to Introduction. ..Return to Co
00005540  6E 74 65 6E 74 73 00 20  00 00 65 00 00 00 34 00  00 00 0C 40 01 00 D3 40  01 00 31 00 00 00 02 F6  ntents. ..e...4...@.@.1...÷
00005560  05 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF  FF FF FF 16 00 00 00 FF  FF FF FF D3 40 01 00 64  46 01 00 57 68 79 20 69  ..        ...    @.dF.Why i
00005580  73 6E 27 74 20 4D 50 45  47 20 49 49 20 6A 75 73  74 20 61 20 73 63 61 6C  65 64 20 75 70 20 76 65  sn't MPEG II just a scaled up ve
000055A0  72 73 69 6F 6E 20 6F 66  20 4D 50 45 47 20 49 2F  05 00 00 02 05 00 00 6E  40 01 00 02 46 01 00 2D  rsion of MPEG I/....n@.F.-
000055C0  00 00 00 20 28 80 05 0A  00 80 00 00 00 00 80 09  00 82 80 06 00 82 80 09  00 82 82 FF 00 00 00 51  ... (Ç.Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q
000055E0  2E 20 57 68 79 20 69 73  6E 27 74 20 4D 50 45 47  20 49 49 20 6A 75 73 74  20 61 20 73 63 61 6C 65  . Why isn't MPEG II just a scale
00005600  64 20 75 70 20 76 65 72  73 69 6F 6E 20 6F 66 20  4D 50 45 47 20 49 3F 20  00 00 00 41 2E 20 20 20  d up version of MPEG I? ...A.   
00005620  20 20 20 54 68 65 20 6D  61 69 6E 20 64 69 66 66  69 63 75 6C 74 79 20 69  73 20 74 68 65 20 69 6E     The main difficulty is the in
00005640  74 65 72 6C 61 63 69 6E  67 2E 20 20 54 68 65 20  73 69 6D 70 6C 65 73 74  20 77 61 79 20 74 6F 20  terlacing.  The simplest way to 
00005660  65 78 74 65 6E 64 20 4D  50 45 47 20 49 20 74 6F  20 69 6E 74 65 72 6C 61  63 65 64 20 6D 61 74 65  extend MPEG I to interlaced mate
00005680  72 69 61 6C 20 69 73 20  74 6F 20 70 75 74 20 74  68 65 20 66 69 65 6C 64  73 20 74 6F 67 65 74 68  rial is to put the fields togeth
000056A0  65 72 20 69 6E 74 6F 20  66 72 61 6D 65 73 20 28  37 32 30 78 34 38 36 78  33 30 2F 73 29 2E 20 20  er into frames (720x486x30/s).  
000056C0  54 68 69 73 20 72 65 73  75 6C 74 73 20 69 6E 20  62 61 64 20 6D 6F 74 69  6F 6E 20 61 72 74 69 66  This results in bad motion artif
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00005760  20 43 6F 6D 70 72 65 73  73 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 64  20 64 65 63 6F 6D 70 72  65 73 73 69 6E 67 20 77   Compressing and decompressing w
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000057A0  73 6F 6D 65 68 6F 77 20  74 65 6E 64 73 20 74 6F  20 6D 75 64 64 6C 65 20  74 68 65 20 6F 62 6A 65  somehow tends to muddle the obje
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000057E0  54 68 65 20 6F 74 68 65  72 20 74 68 69 6E 67 20  79 6F 75 20 6D 69 67 68  74 20 74 72 79 20 69 73  The other thing you might try is
00005800  20 74 6F 20 63 6F 64 65  20 74 68 65 20 65 76 65  6E 20 61 6E 64 20 6F 64  64 20 66 69 65 6C 64 20   to code the even and odd field 
00005820  73 74 72 65 61 6D 73 20  73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65  6C 79 2E 20 20 54 68 69  73 20 61 76 6F 69 64 73  streams separately.  This avoids
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000058A0  20 6E 6F 74 20 75 73 69  6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 72  65 64 75 6E 64 61 6E 63  79 20 62 65 74 77 65 65   not using the redundancy betwee
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000059E0  49 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74  20 6C 69 6D 69 74 65 64  20 74 6F 20 63 6F 6E 73  69 64 65 72 20 6F 6E 6C  I is not limited to consider onl
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00005A80  67 6F 72 69 74 68 6D 73  20 6D 61 79 20 6F 72 20  6D 61 79 20 6E 6F 74 20  6D 61 6B 65 20 69 74 20  gorithms may or may not make it 
00005AA0  69 6E 74 6F 20 74 68 65  20 66 69 6E 61 6C 20 73  74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20  66 6F 72 20 65 6E 74 65  into the final standard for ente
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00005AE0  00 00 32 00 00 00 D3 40  01 00 64 46 01 00 30 00  00 00 20 30 80 64 00 80  00 00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9  ..2...@.dF.0... 0Çd.Ç....πtΘ
00005B00  D9 80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A  55 F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64  Ç.ëéπèU%ëé ..Return to Introd
00005B20  75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20  00 00 52 65 74 75 72 6E  20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74  65 6E 74 73 00 20 00 00  uction. ..Return to Contents. ..
00005B40  3E 00 00 00 0D 00 00 00  02 46 01 00 A2 46 01 00  31 00 00 00 02 AB 05 00  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  >......F.óF.1...½..       
00005B60  FF 17 00 00 00 FF FF FF  FF A2 46 01 00 0F 4C 01  00 53 6F 20 77 68 61 74  20 77 6F 72 6B 73 0B 05   ...    óF.L.So what works
00005B80  00 00 DE 04 00 00 64 46  01 00 AD 4B 01 00 2D 00  00 00 20 28 80 BD 09 00  80 00 00 00 00 80 0D 00  ....dF.¡K.-... (Ç.Ç....Ç.
00005BA0  82 80 0E 00 82 80 09 00  82 82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E  20 53 6F 20 77 68 61 74  20 77 6F 72 6B 73 3F 20  éÇ.éÇ.éé ...Q. So what works? 
00005BC0  00 00 00 41 2E 20 20 20  20 20 20 42 61 73 69 63  61 6C 6C 79 2C 20 64 65  72 69 76 61 74 69 6F 6E  ...A.      Basically, derivation
00005BE0  73 20 6F 66 20 4D 50 45  47 20 49 20 77 6F 72 6B  65 64 20 71 75 69 74 65  20 77 65 6C 6C 2C 20 77  s of MPEG I worked quite well, w
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00005C20  64 20 63 6F 64 69 6E 67  20 69 6E 73 74 65 61 64  20 6F 66 20 44 43 54 27  73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61  d coding instead of DCT's that a
00005C40  6C 73 6F 20 77 6F 72 6B  65 64 20 76 65 72 79 20  77 65 6C 6C 2E 20 20 41  6C 73 6F 20 61 6D 6F 6E  lso worked very well.  Also amon
00005C60  67 20 74 68 65 20 77 6F  72 6B 65 64 2D 76 65 72  79 2D 77 65 6C 6C 27 73  20 77 61 73 20 61 20 73  g the worked-very-well's was a s
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00005CA0  61 74 20 61 6C 6C 2C 20  6A 75 73 74 20 49 20 61  6E 64 20 50 27 73 2E 20  20 41 6C 6C 20 6F 66 20  at all, just I and P's.  All of 
00005CC0  74 68 65 6D 2C 20 65 78  63 65 70 74 20 6D 61 79  62 65 20 6F 6E 65 2C 20  64 69 64 20 73 6F 6D 65  them, except maybe one, did some
00005CE0  20 73 6F 72 74 20 6F 66  20 61 64 61 70 74 69 76  65 20 66 72 61 6D 65 2F  66 69 65 6C 64 20 63 6F   sort of adaptive frame/field co
00005D00  64 69 6E 67 2C 20 77 68  65 72 65 20 61 20 64 65  63 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 69  73 20 6D 61 64 65 20 6F  ding, where a decision is made o
00005D20  6E 20 61 20 6D 61 63 72  6F 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 62  61 73 69 73 20 61 73 20  74 6F 20 77 68 65 74 68  n a macroblock basis as to wheth
00005D40  65 72 20 74 6F 20 63 6F  64 65 20 74 68 61 74 20  6F 6E 65 20 61 73 20 6F  6E 65 20 66 72 61 6D 65  er to code that one as one frame
00005D60  20 6D 61 63 72 6F 62 6C  6F 63 6B 20 6F 72 20 61  73 20 74 77 6F 20 66 69  65 6C 64 20 6D 61 63 72   macroblock or as two field macr
00005D80  6F 62 6C 6F 63 6B 73 2E  20 20 53 6F 6D 65 20 6F  74 68 65 72 20 61 73 70  65 63 74 73 20 61 72 65  oblocks.  Some other aspects are
00005DA0  20 68 6F 77 20 74 6F 20  63 6F 64 65 20 49 2D 66  72 61 6D 65 73 2D 2D 73  6F 6D 65 20 73 75 67 67   how to code I-frames--some sugg
00005DC0  65 73 74 20 70 72 65 64  69 63 74 69 6E 67 20 74  68 65 20 65 76 65 6E 20  66 69 65 6C 64 20 66 72  est predicting the even field fr
00005DE0  6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 6F  64 64 20 66 69 65 6C 64  2E 20 20 4F 72 20 79 6F  75 20 63 61 6E 20 70 72  om the odd field.  Or you can pr
00005E00  65 64 69 63 74 20 65 76  65 6E 73 20 66 72 6F 6D  20 65 76 65 6E 73 20 61  6E 64 20 6F 64 64 73 20  edict evens from evens and odds 
00005E20  6F 72 20 6F 64 64 73 20  66 72 6F 6D 20 65 76 65  6E 73 20 61 6E 64 20 6F  64 64 73 20 6F 72 20 61  or odds from evens and odds or a
00005E40  6E 79 20 66 69 65 6C 64  20 66 72 6F 6D 20 61 6E  79 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20  66 69 65 6C 64 2C 20 65  ny field from any other field, e
00005E60  74 63 2E 4F 6B 2C 20 77  65 27 72 65 20 6E 6F 74  20 72 65 61 6C 6C 79 20  73 75 72 65 20 77 68 61  tc.Ok, we're not really sure wha
00005E80  74 20 77 6F 72 6B 73 20  62 65 73 74 20 79 65 74  2E 20 20 54 68 65 20 6E  65 78 74 20 73 74 65 70  t works best yet.  The next step
00005EA0  20 69 73 20 74 6F 20 64  65 66 69 6E 65 20 61 20  22 74 65 73 74 20 6D 6F  64 65 6C 22 20 74 6F 20   is to define a "test model" to 
00005EC0  73 74 61 72 74 20 66 72  6F 6D 2C 20 74 68 61 74  20 69 6E 63 6F 72 70 6F  72 61 74 65 73 20 6D 6F  start from, that incorporates mo
00005EE0  73 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68  65 20 73 61 6C 69 65 6E  74 20 66 65 61 74 75 72  65 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68  st of the salient features of th
00005F00  65 20 77 6F 72 6B 65 64  2D 76 65 72 79 2D 77 65  6C 6C 20 70 72 6F 70 6F  73 61 6C 73 20 69 6E 20  e worked-very-well proposals in 
00005F20  61 20 73 69 6D 70 6C 65  20 77 61 79 2E 20 20 54  68 65 6E 20 65 78 70 65  72 69 6D 65 6E 74 73 20  a simple way.  Then experiments 
00005F40  77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20  64 6F 6E 65 20 6F 6E 20  74 68 61 74 20 74 65 73  74 20 6D 6F 64 65 6C 2C  will be done on that test model,
00005F60  20 6D 61 6B 69 6E 67 20  61 20 6D 6F 64 20 61 74  20 61 20 74 69 6D 65 2C  20 61 6E 64 20 73 65 65   making a mod at a time, and see
00005F80  69 6E 67 20 77 68 61 74  20 6D 61 6B 65 73 20 69  74 20 62 65 74 74 65 72  20 61 6E 64 20 77 68 61  ing what makes it better and wha
00005FA0  74 20 6D 61 6B 65 73 20  69 74 20 77 6F 72 73 65  2E 20 20 45 78 61 6D 70  6C 65 20 65 78 70 65 72  t makes it worse.  Example exper
00005FC0  69 6D 65 6E 74 73 20 61  72 65 2C 20 42 27 73 20  6F 72 20 6E 6F 20 42 27  73 2C 20 44 43 54 20 76  iments are, B's or no B's, DCT v
00005FE0  73 2E 20 77 61 76 65 6C  65 74 73 2C 20 76 61 72  69 6F 75 73 20 66 69 65  6C 64 20 70 72 65 64 69  s. wavelets, various field predi
00006000  63 74 69 6F 6E 20 6D 6F  64 65 73 2C 20 65 74 63  2E 20 20 54 68 65 20 72  65 71 75 69 72 65 6D 65  ction modes, etc.  The requireme
00006020  6E 74 73 2C 20 73 75 63  68 20 61 73 20 69 6D 70  6C 65 6D 65 6E 74 61 74  69 6F 6E 20 63 6F 73 74  nts, such as implementation cost
00006040  2C 20 71 75 61 6C 69 74  79 2C 20 72 61 6E 64 6F  6D 20 61 63 63 65 73 73  2C 20 65 74 63 2E 20 77  , quality, random access, etc. w
00006060  69 6C 6C 20 61 6C 6C 20  66 65 65 64 20 69 6E 74  6F 20 74 68 69 73 20 70  72 6F 63 65 73 73 20 61  ill all feed into this process a
00006080  73 20 77 65 6C 6C 2E 00  00 62 00 00 00 32 00 00  00 A2 46 01 00 0F 4C 01  00 30 00 00 00 20 30 80  s well...b...2...óF.L.0... 0Ç
000060A0  64 00 80 00 00 00 00 E3  74 DC E9 D9 80 05 00 89  82 E3 8A 55 F4 25 89 82  FF 00 00 52 65 74 75 72  d.Ç....πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ..Retur
000060C0  6E 20 74 6F 20 49 6E 74  72 6F 64 75 63 74 69 6F  6E 00 20 00 00 52 65 74  75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 43  n to Introduction. ..Return to C
000060E0  6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 00  20 00 00 4F 00 00 00 1E  00 00 00 AD 4B 01 00 5E  4C 01 00 31 00 00 00 02  ontents. ..O......¡K.^L.1...
00006100  6D 01 00 00 FF FF FF FF  FF FF FF FF 18 00 00 00  FF FF FF FF 5E 4C 01 00  7C 4D 01 00 57 68 65 6E  m..        ...    ^L.|M.When
00006120  20 77 69 6C 6C 20 61 6C  6C 20 74 68 69 73 20 62  65 20 66 69 6E 69 73 68  65 64 1E 01 00 00 DE 00   will all this be finished...
00006140  00 00 0F 4C 01 00 7C 4D  01 00 40 00 00 00 20 4E  80 BD 01 00 80 00 00 00  00 80 09 00 82 80 06 00  ..L.|M.@... NÇ.Ç....Ç.éÇ.
00006160  82 80 09 00 82 82 82 82  E3 74 DC E9 D9 80 05 00  89 82 E3 8A 55 F4 25 89  82 FF 00 00 00 51 2E 20  éÇ.ééééπtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ...Q. 
00006180  57 68 65 6E 20 77 69 6C  6C 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68  69 73 20 62 65 20 66 69  6E 69 73 68 65 64 3F 20  When will all this be finished? 
000061A0  00 00 00 41 2E 20 20 20  20 20 20 49 20 64 6F 6E  27 74 20 6B 6E 6F 77 2E  20 20 49 27 64 20 68 61  ...A.      I don't know.  I'd ha
000061C0  76 65 20 74 6F 20 68 6F  70 65 20 69 6E 20 61 62  6F 75 74 20 61 20 79 65  61 72 20 6F 72 20 6C 65  ve to hope in about a year or le
000061E0  73 73 2E 00 4D 50 45 47  20 49 49 20 69 73 20 64  75 65 20 69 6E 20 4D 61  72 63 68 20 31 39 39 33  ss..MPEG II is due in March 1993
00006200  2E 20 41 66 74 65 72 20  62 65 69 6E 67 20 65 78  70 61 6E 64 65 64 20 74  6F 20 63 6F 76 65 72 20  . After being expanded to cover 
00006220  48 44 54 56 00 00 00 00  52 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74  6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64  75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20  HDTV....Return to Introduction. 
00006240  00 00 52 65 74 75 72 6E  20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74  65 6E 74 73 00 20 00 00  43 00 00 00 12 00 00 00  ..Return to Contents. ..C......
00006260  5E 4C 01 00 BF 4D 01 00  31 00 00 00 02 0B 03 00  00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  FF 19 00 00 00 FF FF FF  ^L.M.1.....        ...   
00006280  FF BF 4D 01 00 8B 80 01  00 48 6F 77 20 64 6F 20  49 20 6A 6F 69 6E 20 4D  50 45 47 5E 02 00 00 31   M.ïÇ.How do I join MPEG^..1
000062A0  02 00 00 7C 4D 01 00 29  80 01 00 2D 00 00 00 20  28 80 63 04 00 80 00 00  00 00 80 0D 00 82 80 0E  ..|M.)Ç.-... (Çc.Ç....Ç.éÇ
000062C0  00 82 80 09 00 82 82 FF  00 00 00 51 2E 20 48 6F  77 20 64 6F 20 49 20 6A  6F 69 6E 20 4D 50 45 47  .éÇ.éé ...Q. How do I join MPEG
000062E0  3F 20 00 00 00 41 2E 20  20 20 20 20 20 59 6F 75  20 64 6F 6E 27 74 20 6A  6F 69 6E 20 4D 50 45 47  ? ...A.      You don't join MPEG
00006300  2E 59 6F 75 20 68 61 76  65 20 74 6F 20 70 61 72  74 69 63 69 70 61 74 65  20 69 6E 20 49 53 4F 20  .You have to participate in ISO 
00006320  61 73 20 70 61 72 74 20  6F 66 20 61 20 6E 61 74  69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 64 65  6C 65 67 61 74 69 6F 6E  as part of a national delegation
00006340  2E 20 20 48 6F 77 20 79  6F 75 20 67 65 74 20 74  6F 20 62 65 20 70 61 72  74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65  .  How you get to be part of the
00006360  20 6E 61 74 69 6F 6E 61  6C 20 64 65 6C 65 67 61  74 69 6F 6E 20 69 73 20  75 70 20 74 6F 20 65 61   national delegation is up to ea
00006380  63 68 20 6E 61 74 69 6F  6E 2E 20 20 49 20 6F 6E  6C 79 20 6B 6E 6F 77 20  74 68 65 20 55 2E 53 2E  ch nation.  I only know the U.S.
000063A0  2C 20 77 68 65 72 65 20  79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65  20 74 6F 20 61 74 74 65  6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 63  , where you have to attend the c
000063C0  6F 72 72 65 73 70 6F 6E  64 69 6E 67 20 41 4E 53  49 20 6D 65 65 74 69 6E  67 73 20 74 6F 20 62 65  orresponding ANSI meetings to be
000063E0  20 61 62 6C 65 20 74 6F  20 61 74 74 65 6E 64 20  74 68 65 20 49 53 4F 20  6D 65 65 74 69 6E 67 73   able to attend the ISO meetings
00006400  2E 20 20 59 6F 75 72 20  63 6F 6D 70 61 6E 79 20  6F 72 20 69 6E 73 74 69  74 75 74 69 6F 6E 20 68  .  Your company or institution h
00006420  61 73 20 74 6F 20 62 65  20 77 69 6C 6C 69 6E 67  20 74 6F 20 73 69 6E 6B  20 73 6F 6D 65 20 62 75  as to be willing to sink some bu
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00006460  2C 20 74 68 65 73 65 20  6D 65 65 74 69 6E 67 73  20 61 72 65 20 68 65 6C  64 20 61 6C 6C 20 6F 76  , these meetings are held all ov
00006480  65 72 20 74 68 65 20 77  6F 72 6C 64 2E 20 20 28  46 6F 72 20 65 78 61 6D  70 6C 65 2C 20 50 61 72  er the world.  (For example, Par
000064A0  69 73 2C 20 53 61 6E 74  61 20 43 6C 61 72 61 2C  20 4B 75 72 69 68 61 6D  61 20 4A 61 70 61 6E 2C  is, Santa Clara, Kurihama Japan,
000064C0  20 53 69 6E 67 61 70 6F  72 65 2C 20 48 61 69 66  61 20 49 73 72 61 65 6C  2C 20 52 69 BF 4D 01 00   Singapore, Haifa Israel, RiM.
000064E0  29 80 01 00 7C 4D 01 00  6F 20 64 65 20 4A 61 6E  65 69 72 6F 2C 20 4C 6F  6E 64 6F 6E 2C 20 65 74  )Ç.|M.o de Janeiro, London, et
00006500  63 2E 29 00 00 62 00 00  00 32 00 00 00 BF 4D 01  00 8B 80 01 00 30 00 00  00 20 30 80 64 00 80 00  c.)..b...2...M.ïÇ.0... 0Çd.Ç.
00006520  00 00 00 E3 74 DC E9 D9  80 05 00 89 82 E3 8A 55  F4 25 89 82 FF 00 00 52  65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F  ...πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé ..Return to
00006540  20 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75  63 74 69 6F 6E 00 20 00  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 43 6F 6E 74 65   Introduction. ..Return to Conte
00006560  6E 74 73 00 20 00 00 62  00 00 00 31 00 00 00 29  80 01 00 ED 80 01 00 31  00 00 00 02 32 03 00 00  nts. ..b...1...)Ç.φÇ.1...2..
00006580  FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF  1A 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF  ED 80 01 00 BD 83 01 00  48 6F 77 20 64 6F 20 49          ...    φÇ.â.How do I
000065A0  20 67 65 74 20 49 53 4F  20 64 6F 63 75 6D 65 6E  74 73 2C 20 6C 69 6B 65  20 74 68 65 20 4D 50 45   get ISO documents, like the MPE
000065C0  47 20 49 20 64 72 61 66  74 32 02 00 00 04 02 00  00 8B 80 01 00 1F 83 01  00 2E 00 00 00 20 2A 80  G I draft2....ïÇ.â..... *Ç
000065E0  09 04 00 80 00 00 00 00  80 09 00 82 80 06 00 82  80 0D 00 82 82 82 FF 00  00 00 51 2E 20 48 6F 77  .Ç....Ç.éÇ.éÇ.ééé ...Q. How
00006600  20 64 6F 20 49 20 67 65  74 20 49 53 4F 20 64 6F  63 75 6D 65 6E 74 73 2C  20 6C 69 6B 65 20 74 68   do I get ISO documents, like th
00006620  65 20 4D 50 45 47 20 49  20 64 72 61 66 74 3F 20  00 00 00 41 2E 20 20 20  20 20 20 4D 50 45 47 20  e MPEG I draft? ...A.      MPEG 
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00006740  61 72 74 20 28 31 31 31  37 32 2D 33 29 20 61 64  64 72 65 73 73 20 74 68  65 20 76 69 64 65 6F 20  art (11172-3) address the video 
00006760  61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20  61 75 64 69 6F 20 63 6F  6D 70 72 65 73 73 69 6F  6E 20 74 65 63 68 6E 69  and the audio compression techni
00006780  71 75 65 73 20 72 65 73  70 65 63 74 69 76 65 6C  79 2E 59 6F 75 20 6D 61  79 20 6F 72 64 65 72 20  ques respectively.You may order 
000067A0  69 74 20 66 72 6F 6D 20  79 6F 75 72 20 6E 61 74  69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 73 74  61 6E 64 61 72 64 73 20  it from your national standards 
000067C0  62 6F 64 79 20 28 65 2E  67 2E 20 41 4E 53 49 20  69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 55  53 41 29 20 6F 72 20 62  body (e.g. ANSI in the USA) or b
000067E0  75 79 20 69 74 20 66 72  6F 6D 20 63 6F 6D 70 61  6E 69 65 73 20 6C 69 6B  65 00 00 9E 00 00 00 67  uy it from companies like.....g
00006800  00 00 00 ED 80 01 00 BD  83 01 00 37 00 00 00 20  3E 80 CE 00 80 00 00 00  00 80 0D 00 82 82 82 82  ...φÇ.â.7... >Ç.Ç....Ç.éééé
00006820  E3 74 DC E9 D9 80 0F 00  89 82 E3 8A 55 F4 25 89  82 FF 00 4F 4D 4E 49 43  4F 4D 20 00 70 68 6F 6E  πtΘÇ.ëéπèU%ëé .OMNICOM .phon
00006840  65 20 2B 34 34 20 34 33  38 20 37 34 32 34 32 34  20 00 46 41 58 20 2B 34  34 20 34 33 38 20 37 34  e +44 438 742424 .FAX +44 438 74
00006860  30 31 35 34 20 00 00 00  00 52 65 74 75 72 6E 20  74 6F 20 49 6E 74 72 6F  64 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 00  0154 ....Return to Introduction.
00006880  20 00 00 52 65 74 75 72  6E 20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6E  74 65 6E 74 73 00 20 00  00 31 00 00 00 00 00 00   ..Return to Contents. ..1......
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00006980  00 14 03 00 00 01 01 00  01 01 00 01 14 03 00 00  01 01 00 01 01 00 04 14  03 00 00 01 01 00 01 01  ............
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00006C60  00 00 00 02 00 57 68 61  74 20 69 66 20 49 27 6D  20 69 6E 20 45 75 72 6F  70 65 00 A7 01 02 00 57  ....What if I'm in Europe.º.W
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00006CC0  0B 02 00 57 68 61 74 20  69 73 20 4D 50 45 47 20  70 68 61 73 65 20 49 49  00 32 80 02 00 57 68 79  .What is MPEG phase II.2Ç.Why
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00006D60  03 00 48 6F 77 20 64 6F  20 49 20 67 65 74 20 49  53 4F 20 64 6F 63 75 6D  65 6E 74 73 2C 20 6C 69  .How do I get ISO documents, li
00006D80  6B 65 20 74 68 65 20 4D  50 45 47 20 49 20 64 72  61 66 74 00 9D 02 03 00  00 9F 02 03 00 00 00 00  ke the MPEG I draft.¥..ƒ....
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00007AA0  00 00 00 00                                                                                         ....
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