Comment *
Purpose:
demos "flashing" text under attribute control mode 0.
Required external modules:
flash0.obj
Prep:
masm demo0; (tested under MASM 5.1, OPTASM 1.5)
link demo0+flash0;
exe2bin demo0 demo0.com
Run:
demo0
Copyright:
none
Author:
C.J. Dunford [CompuServe 76703,2002]
301/992-9371
Revision history:
1.00 10/03/89
*
code segment word public 'code'
assume cs:code,ds:code,es:code
extrn flash_init:near,flash_term:near
extrn pulse_color:near,pulse_color_partial:near
extrn grade_color_partial:near,grade_color:near
extrn blinker:near
extrn load_palettes:near,reset_palettes:near
extrn set_color:near,set_color_partial:near
extrn set_flash_rate:near,set_delta:near
extrn flash_enabled:byte
org 100h
; ===================================================================
; MAINLINE CODE
; ===================================================================
demo0:
; Initialize the VGA for controlled flashing
call flash_init
jnc demo1 ; NC = VGA OK
mov dx,offset no_VGA$ ; No VGA, terminate with message
mov ah,9
int 21h
mov ax,4C01h
int 21h
; Pulse reds and greens by slowly augmenting color intensity
demo1:
mov ax,0202H ; AL=color 2 (green), AH=2 (incr/pal)
call pulse_color ; Create pulsed attribute
mov ax,0204H ; AL=color 4 (red)
call pulse_color
mov ax,020AH ; AL=color 10 (brt green)
call pulse_color
mov ax,020CH ; AL=color 12 (brt red)
call pulse_color ; Create pulsed attribute
call load_palettes ; Load new palettes into VGA
; After this call, anything red or
; green will flash. Nothing to it.
mov si,offset rg_aug$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Pulse all 16 attributes, using the same augmented intensity effect
mov cx,16 ; 16 attributes
mov ax,0200H ; Start with attr 0
p16: push ax
call pulse_color
pop ax
inc al ; Next attribute
loop p16
call load_palettes
mov si,offset all_aug$
call scrn
; Instant color change: green to bright red
call reset_palettes ; Clear all special effects
mov al,2
mov si,offset max_red
mov cx,0F08h
call set_color_partial
call load_palettes
mov si,offset g2R$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Graded color change: green to bright red
call reset_palettes ; Clear all special effects
mov al,2
mov si,offset max_red
call grade_color
call load_palettes
mov si,offset grd_g2R$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Blink red to bright red--periodic intensification
call reset_palettes
mov al,2
call set_delta
mov al,0C4H ; Set up blinking on bright red
call blinker
call load_palettes
mov si,offset r2R$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Demo simulated 'real' flashing
call reset_palettes ; Reset the green/red flashing
mov al,2 ; Flash a little faster
call set_delta
mov al,12 ; Set up blinking on bright red
call blinker
call load_palettes
mov si,offset flash$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Demonstrate "softened blinking": instead of just blinking
; on and off, we reduce the intensity of the color in palettes 0-7
; and then set 8-15 to the BG color (black, in this case)
call reset_palettes ; Clear all special effect
mov al,3 ; Cyan attribute
mov si,offset black
mov cl,0
mov ch,8
call grade_color_partial ; Grade cyan to black in 0->7
mov al,3 ; Black BG, cyan FG
call blinker ; Makes cyan black in 8-15
call load_palettes
mov si,offset soft$
call scrn
; Demo 'fading'. Just grade the color to black (or whatever BG)
call reset_palettes
mov al,3
mov si,offset black
call grade_color
call load_palettes
mov si,offset fade$
call scrn
; Demo "strobe" and "beacon" effects
call reset_palettes
mov al,1
call set_delta
mov al,14 ; Set attr 14 to black, pals 0-14
mov si,offset black
mov cx,0E00h
call set_color_partial ; And to bright yellow for pal 15
mov al,14
mov si,offset max_yellow
mov cx,0F0FH
call set_color_partial
mov al,1 ; Set blue to max blue in pal 15
mov si,offset max_blue
mov cx,0F0FH
call set_color_partial
call load_palettes
mov si,offset strobe$
call scrn
; Demonstrate that the blink rate can be adjusted. We make
; green and bright red flash bright green, very fast (~18/sec).
; The red/green flash is particularly psychedelic.
call reset_palettes
mov al,2
mov si,offset max_grn
call grade_color
mov al,12
mov si,offset max_grn
call grade_color
call load_palettes
mov al,15
call set_delta
mov si,offset fast$
call scrn
; ...and then very slowly.
mov al,1
call set_delta
mov ax,9
call set_flash_rate
mov si,offset slow$
call scrn
mov ax,1
call set_flash_rate
mov al,2
call set_delta
; Show that all this can be done with BG colors too. We'll set blue
; to flash to bright blue and use it as a background. Just for grins,
; we'll set attribute 2 (green) to display as blue, to show that you can
; have a plain blue and a flashing blue on the same screen (but there
; won't be any green).
call reset_palettes
mov al,1
mov si,offset max_blue
mov cx,0F08h
call set_color_partial
mov al,2
mov si,offset blue
call set_color
call load_palettes
mov si,offset back$
mov al,20h
call scrn9
; Demo shows that we can use bright backgrounds but still flash.
; We CLS with a bright BG, then flash cyan text to light cyan
call hw_blink_off ; Disable hardware blinking
call reset_palettes
mov al,93H ; Brt blue BG, cyan FG
call blinker
call load_palettes
mov si,offset brightback$
mov al,90h ; CLS with attrib 90 (bright blue)
call scrn9
call hw_blink_on ; Re-enable hardware blink
; The grand finale. Show that all effects can be mixed on one screen.
finale:
mov al,1
call set_delta
; "Beacon" in 1
mov al,1 ; Set blue to max blue in pal 15
mov si,offset max_blue
mov cx,0F0FH
call set_color_partial
; Quick shift green to red in 2
mov al,2
mov si,offset max_red
mov cx,0F08h
call set_color_partial
; Graded green-to-red on attribute 3
mov al,3 ; Make attr 3 base green
mov si,offset green
call set_color
mov al,3
mov si,offset max_red
call grade_color
; Blink red to bright red (periodic intensification) in 4
mov al,0C4H ; Set up blinking on bright red
call blinker
; Flash 5 on an off
mov al,5
call blinker
; "Softened blinking" in 6
mov al,6
mov si,offset black
mov cx,0800h
call grade_color_partial
mov al,6
call blinker
; "Fading" in 7
mov al,7
mov si,offset black
call grade_color
; "Pulse" in 10
mov al,10
mov si,offset green
call set_color
mov ax,020AH
mov cx,0F00H
call pulse_color
; Blacken every other palette in 11 (we haven't seen this one yet)
mov si,offset black
mov cx,0000
GF10: mov al,11
call set_color_partial
add cx,0202h
cmp ch,0FH
jbe GF10
; "Strobe" in 14
mov al,14
mov si,offset black
mov cx,0E00h
call set_color_partial
mov al,14
mov si,offset max_yellow
mov cx,0F0FH
call set_color_partial
; Load all those into VGA and display
call load_palettes
mov si,offset mixed$ ; Display the demo
call scrn
; Demos done, clean up for return to DOS
call flash_term
; Exit
mov al,7
call cls
mov ax,4C00h
int 21h
; No VGA found by flash_init, exit with message
no_VGA:
mov dx,offset no_VGA$
mov ah,9
int 21h
mov ax,4C01h
int 21h
; ----- hw_blink_off -----------------------------------------------
; Function disables hardware blink, which enables bright BG.
; AX,BX destroyed.
;
hw_blink_off:
mov ax,1003h
xor bl,bl
int 10h
ret
; ----- hw_blink_on -----------------------------------------------
; Function enables hardware blink, which disables bright BG.
; AX,BX destroyed.
;
hw_blink_on:
mov ax,1003h
mov bl,1
int 10h
ret
; ----- scrn -------------------------------------------------------------
; This function clears the screen, displays the text at DS:SI, and waits
; for a keystroke. Note that the text is flashing in background while
; we're in BIOS, waiting for a key. In other words, once you've set
; up flashing, all you have to do is display text with the proper attributes
; (i.e., any attribute whose colors differ between palettes 1 and 2), then
; you can go on about your business.
;
; SCRN2 is similar but doesn't display the color chart and uses a
; background color of AL
;
scrn:
mov al,7 ; CLS with attrib 7 (B/W)
call cls
call display ; Display text at SI
call colors ; Display the color chart
scrn50: mov si,offset prompt ; And the "any key" prompt
call display
mov ah,1 ; Wait for a keystroke
int 21h
ret
scrn9:
call cls
call display ; Display the message
jmp scrn50
; ========================================================================
; FUNCTIONS FOR DEMO ONLY
; ========================================================================
; ----- colors -------------------------------------------------
; This subroutine display the chart of all 16 attributes.
;
show macro strings
irp s,<strings>
mov si,offset &s
call display
endm
endm
colors:
show <Atr0,Atr1,Atr2,Atr3,Atr4,Atr5,Atr6,Atr7,Atr8,Atr9,AtrA,AtrB,AtrC,AtrD,AtrE,AtrF>
ret
; ----- display -----------------------------------------------------
; Clears the screen and displays some text with various attributes.
; Text taken from DS:SI in this format:
; Byte Start row
; Byte Start col
; Word Number of char/attr pairs in string
; Words Char/attr pairs
;
display:
lodsb ; Get row
mov dh,al
lodsb ; Get col
mov dl,al
lodsw ; Get length
mov cx,ax
mov bh,0 ; Display page 0
mov bp,si ; DS:BP -> char/attr string
mov ax,1303h ; Display
int 10h
ret
; ----- cls ---------------------------------------------------------
; Clear the screen, attribute 7 (normally white over black).
; AX,BX,CX,DX destroyed.
;
cls:
push si
push ax
; Get last row number to DH
push bp ; Function destroys ES:BP
push es
mov ax,1130h ; Char gen interface function
xor bh,bh ; Any valid subfn is OK
int 10h ; DL = last row #
pop es
pop bp
mov dh,dl
; Get last column # to DL
mov ah,0FH ; Video GETMODE
int 10h
dec ah ; AH = last col #
mov dl,ah
; Clear screen from (0,0) to (DH,DL)
pop ax ; Recover CLS attribute
mov bh,al ; Attribute to BH
mov cx,0 ; From 0,0
mov ax,0700H ; Scroll up, clear entire window
int 10h
pop si
ret
; ========================================================================
; DATA FOR DEMO
; ========================================================================
; These are some color definitions that we'll use for some of the demos.
; Each definition is three bytes long (one each for red, green, and blue).
; Valid values for each byte are 0-63.
max_red db 3FH, 0, 0
green db 0, 2AH, 0
max_grn db 0, 3FH, 0
max_cyan db 0, 3FH, 3FH
black db 0, 0, 0
max_yellow db 3FH, 3FH, 0
blue db 0, 0, 2AH
brt_blue db 0, 0, 33H
max_blue db 0, 0, 3FH
; Macro to define char/attr pairs for the demo display strings.
; Call: atext attrib,<text>
atext macro attr,dat
irpc x,<dat>
db "&x",attr
endm
endm
; Text/attribute strings for the demo displays. See DISPLAY routine.
rg_aug$ label byte
db 0,0
dw rg_aug$L
atext 15,<This 'pulses' >
atext 4,<REDS>
atext 15,< and >
atext 2,<GREENS>
atext 15,<; high intensity >
atext 10,<colors>
atext 15,< pulse less dramatically>
rg_aug$L equ ($-rg_aug$-4)/2
all_aug$ label byte
db 0,0
dw all_aug$L
atext 15,<This palette pulses all 16 attributes...>
all_aug$L equ ($-all_aug$-4)/2
g2R$ label byte
db 0,0
dw g2r$L
atext 15,<Here we make green flash bright red...>
g2R$L equ ($-g2r$-4)/2
grd_g2R$ label byte
db 0,0
dw grd_g2R$L
atext 15,<And this is a slow green-to-red 'grade'...>
grd_g2R$L equ ($-grd_g2R$-4)/2
flash$ label byte
db 0,0
dw flash$L
atext 15,<We can also simulate blinking...>
flash$L equ ($-flash$-4)/2
strobe$ label byte
db 0,0
dw strobe$L
atext 15,<This demonstrates strobes (E) and beacons (1)...>
strobe$L equ ($-strobe$-4)/2
r2R$ label byte
db 0,0
dw r2R$L
atext 15,<Blinking by periodic intensification...>
r2R$L equ ($-r2R$-4)/2
mixed$ label byte
db 0,0
dw mixed$L
atext 15,<All types of special effects can be mixed on one screen...>
mixed$L equ ($-mixed$-4)/2
fast$ label byte
db 0,0
dw fast$L
atext 15,<You can make flashing very rapid...>
fast$L equ ($-fast$-4)/2
slow$ label byte
db 0,0
dw slow$L
atext 15,<...or almost too slow to detect (C is obvious, but watch 2)...>
slow$L equ ($-slow$-4)/2
soft$ label byte
db 0,0
dw soft$L
atext 15,<Here we demonstrate 'softened' blinking...>
soft$L equ ($-soft$-4)/2
fade$ label byte
db 0,0
dw fade$L
atext 15,<And this is 'fading', which is even softer...>
fade$L equ ($-fade$-4)/2
back$ label byte
db 10,16
dw back$L
atext 1EH,< All these effects work on background, too... >
back$L equ ($-back$-4)/2
brightback$ label byte
db 10,0
dw brightback$L
atext 9Eh,<With hardware blink off, you can use bright BG but still >
atext 93h,<flash>
atext 9Eh,< your text>
brightback$L equ ($-brightback$-4)/2
prompt label byte
db 24,0
dw promptL
atext 15,<Strike any key to continue...>
promptL equ ($-prompt-4)/2
; Macro generates the data definitions for the attribute chart
a = 0 ; Start with attribute 0
r = 2 ; At screen row 2
irp x,<0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F>
Atr&x label byte
db r,25
dw 10
REPT 10
db "&x",a
endm
a = a+1
r = r+1
endm
; Error message for non-VGA systems
no_VGA$ db 'Sorry, flash demo requires VGA',13,10,10,'$'
code ends
end demo0
