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▒▒┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼ version 1.07 ┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼▒▒
▒▒┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼ 1 nov 1995 ┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼░▒
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Copyright(C) 1994-1995, Tarmo Toikkanen
All Rights Reserved
SHAREWARE VERSION
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DISCLAIMER │
═══════════╛
This software and manual are provided "as is" and without warranties
as to performance of merchantability or any other warranties whether
expressed of implied. Because of the various hardware and software
environments in which this program may be used, no warranty of
fitness for a particular purpose is offered.
Good data processing procedure dictates that any program be
thoroughly tested with non-critical data before relying on it. The
user must assume the entire risk of using the program. Any liability
of the seller will be limited exclusively to product replacement.
════════╤════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
LICENSE │
════════╛
This software is NOT public domain. It is copyrighted software
distributed as shareware. This software is NOT free. A license fee
must be paid if used longer than for a one month evaluation period.
See ORDER.DOC for details of the payment. If you received this
software on a CD-ROM or from a disk vendor, you have only paid for
the disk. You do NOT have a license to use this software. Everybody
has the right to copy and distribute this software as long as it is
unmodified and all the original files listed at the end of this
chapter are included. If a copying fee is taken, the receiver of this
software must be made aware that he has only the evaluation and
copying license stated above. Files in this package: CC.EXE, CC.DOC,
CC.REV, ORDER.DOC, ORDER.FRM, TILAA.DOC, TILAA.FRM, FILE_ID.DIZ,
BETA.TXT and README.TXT. Remember that you MAY copy this program to
your friends! This is the idea behind shareware.
═══════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
REGISTERING│
═══════════╛
This is only an evaluation version of Controlled Copy, which you may
freely test for a period of one month. If, at the end of the 30 days,
you decide that you don't want to pay for CCopy, you must delete all
the files and stop using this software. If, on the other hand, you
have found CCopy useful and would like to use it in the future, you
are required to register as a user. All the necessary information is
found in the files ORDER.DOC and ORDER.FRM. If you do not have these
files, contact me (see end of document).
═══════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
WHAT IS CCOPY? │
═══════════════╛
Controlled Copy is a file copier/mover. It is easier to use than the
conventional copier and also much faster. It also has several advanced
features active at all times that make file copying easier, safer and
much more enjoyable.
CCopy recognizes over 30 different command line options and is thus
the most versatile file copier in existence. If you're familiar with
4DOS(tm), you know what a difference it is to be able to enter
several source masks to a copy-command. In addition, 4DOS has many
other features that make DOS much easier to use. CCopy does
everything that 4DOS's copy-command does and most of the time CCopy
doesn't even require 4DOS to be active!
CCopy will make life a lot easier for you. Automatic free space
checking, added file protection and progress indicators will make
copying chores simple and easy. With the numerous command line options
CCopy can do just about anything, including file moving, comparing and
splitting, subdirectory copying, program updating/downdating, sound
alarms, file renaming and lots, lots more! The only way to believe it
is to try it.
To get the full benefit of all the advanced features CCopy can offer
you, it is recommended that you read this entire documentation at least
once through. Especially the chapter "Tips and Techniques" is
recommended, and "Command Line Options" also contains important
information.
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WHY USE CCOPY? │
═══════════════╛
There are several reasons for using CCopy exclusively. After you've
learned to rely on the benefits CCopy can provide, normal copiers will
simply seem inadequate to your purposes. Remember that with CCopy you
can do some things that are simply *impossible* using any other copier!
Some important facts are listed here.
1. Automatic free space checking. CCopy always checks that the
destination disk contains enough free space to complete the command
it is given. Cluster sizes are taken into account and subst-commands
are transparent. With CCopy, it's impossible to copy a file and
run out of free space.
2. Progress indicators. CCopy always shows information on the screen.
Copying C:\FILES\*.ZIP => A:\
TESTFIL1 ZIP 7kB <ok>
TESTFIL2 ZIP 252kB ▓▓▓▒▒░░░░░ 47.6% ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓░ 97.0% 28.7sec
Each source file is shown on a separate line with its size. The file
that is being copied has the progress indicators after the size.
First is a bar that shows how much of the file has been read and
written. The bar shows the portion of the file that isn't processed
at all (░░░), the portion that has been read (▒▒▒), the portion that
has been written (▓▓▓) and the portion that has been verified (███)
(only if file comparing is used). A percentage value after it shows
the same information. The second bar shows the total amount of
bytes that has been processed and the percentage after it shows
the same thing. The last value is an estimate of how much longer
the copying is still going to take.
3. Automatic disk change. If you've chosen to continue copying even
if there isn't enough space for all files CCopy will pause when
it's copied all it can and ask you to change the disk. You can
then enter another disk to the drive and press any key to
continue or alternatively skip the current file. It can't be much
easier than this.
4. Fast file transfer speeds. CCopy uses large data buffers to
achieve maximum speed while copying files. With large files, CCopy
is considerably faster and with small files as fast as the copy
command. More detailed results are shown in Appendix A, "Speed
Comparison".
5. Security and protection. CCopy *never* overwrites another file
before asking for permission, unless you specify otherwise in the
command line. Overwriting read-only files requires another
confirmation so CCopy is much safer to use than other copiers.
6. Ease of use. Command line options can be entered with considerable
freedom and source and destination masks are also parsed with a
lot more thought than is usually the case. CCopy also has a
feature called Automatic Subdirectory Creation. You can read more
on this in the next chapter.
7. Versatility. With CCopy you can easily accomplish complex things
that would otherwise require batch files or even separate
programs. Most things can be done with a normal copier but usually
require dozens of separate copy commands with different
parameters. And some are simply impossible to do. Examples can be
found in the chapter "Tips and Techniques".
══════════════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
HOW TO USE CCOPY? │
══════════════════╛
Syntax: CC source1 [source2... destination] [options]
Brackets mean optional entries. This may look cryptic but is actually
the same syntax 4DOS's copy uses. What does this mean, then? You can
run CCopy with just one argument which is the source mask. In this
case the destination will be the current directory. If you specify
more than one mask, then the last one will be used as the destination
and all the others are source masks.
═══════
Command line options can be entered *anywhere* in the command line. A
command line option is always located between a slash (/) and a space
( ). You can enter several options together one after the other and
even enter them straight after a normal mask. These following
examples are all identical to CCopy:
CC *.ZIP A: /V- /P /R /4
CC/p *.zip /v-4r A:
CC *.zip/p4rv- a:
As you can see, all options are case-insensitive. They can be entered
one after the other and even straight after another mask. As long as
the slash and the space are around them, they are considered to be
command line options.
═══════
You can always trim source and destination masks. When you want to
copy all the files from some location, you would normally type "*.*"
after the path. But not with CCopy! A simple dot (.) is the same
thing as a dot means "current directory". In fact, you don't even
need that dot. It's enough to specify the path and CCopy will do the
rest.
These two commands mean the same thing:
CC *.* A:
CC . A:
These also mean the same thing:
CC A:*.*
CC A:.
CC A:
These also mean exactly the same thing:
CC A:*.* D:\FILES\*.* .
CC A:. D:\FILES\. .
CC A: D:\FILES\ .
CC A: D:\FILES .
Notice the dot at the end of the command. The files from drive A: are
not copied to D:\FILES but rather the files from A: and D:\FILES are
copied to the current directory on the current drive.
═══════
Another feature is directory backtracing that is also found in 4DOS.
Normally two dots mean the parent directory. Now you can enter three
dots to access the parent directory of the parent. And four dots
refer to the next parent. Examples:
C:\FILES> CC .. D:
C:\FILES\NEW> CC ... D:
C:\FILES\NEW\TODAY> CC .... D:
C:\FILES\NEW\TODAY\UTILS> CC ..... D:
All of these commands will copy the files from the root of C: to
drive D:. This feature may be useful in certain situations.
═══════
[y/N/a/s/r/?]
This is part of a prompt you will see several times when using CCopy.
It follows all confirmation prompts so you'd better know what the
choices are.
?: This will show the prompt in it's long format:
(Y)es,(N)o,(A)ll,(S)kip all,(R)ename
Yes: This will accept the file and copy/move it.
No: This will skip the file and proceed to the next file.
All: This will accept the file and all other files that follow.
Skip all: This will skip the file and all other files that follow.
Rename: This will allow you to edit the file's destination name.
═══════
CCopy recognizes the environment variable CCOPY and will read its
contents before the command line is processed. You can thus easily
specify your favourite options in there and don't have to worry about
remembering to add them to every command you make.
As the variable is handled before the actual command line, you can
always disable any options in the command line in case you don't want
to use them in a certain situation.
═══════
CCOPY CON: The console interface is improved over the conventional
copier, and now you can enter ANY characters to the file - using
ALT-keypad, CTRL-letters or normal characters or even ESC, backspace
and CR and CR/LF codes. This means that pressing any key will output
it to the file.
If, on the other hand, you want to erase the last character entered,
merely pressing backspace would just echo ascii 8 to the file. By
depressing SHIFT, backspace will remove the last character, and the
enter key will echo a CR/LF sequence instead of the plain CR code.
Also, you can finish typing by pressing SHIFT-CTRL-Z (or
SHIFT-CTRL-C), so that the ^Z-character isn't written to the file.
All the characters are shown on the screen using direct video memory
manipulation, so that the smileys are there too.
═══════════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
REGISTERED VERSION │
═══════════════════╛
The registered version has several enhancement over the shareware
version. The most notable of these is the larger data transfer
buffer. While the SW-version uses a single file buffer of 48kB, the
registered version uses all available memory (in DOS version,
OS/2-version uses only a moderate amount). This naturally improves
file transfer speeds with large files and you can see the difference
in Appendix A.
Another added bonus is the pause-capability. By depressing both shift
keys for a while, the copying is paused and you are given a choice:
you can Resume copying, Skip the current file or Abort copying.
This can be used if you suddenly find that CCopy is copying a large
file that you didn't want to copy. If copying to disks, it's much
easier to just pause (with the double shift keys) and choose to Skip
the file. Any portion that is already copied will be removed.
The registered version is also capable of logging all events to a log
file. This information can be used to build statistics of your
copying activity and to enable the /I (invert) option that can
effectively UNDO the previous operation. This feature isn't found in
any other file copier in the world.
Registered users also have a configuration utility that will allow
them to brand different command line options into the executable. And
don't forget the unlimited free technical support via internet that
all registered users have.
And, most importantly, you will support me and the shareware-concept.
Only by registering will you encourage me to continue developing this
program. While it's a good utility as it is, constant development
ensures that no bugs will remain forever and new features are always
implemented.
═════════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS │
═════════════════════╛
You've already seen how to enter command line options on the command
line in chapter "How to Use CCopy?". Most options can be disabled by
adding a minus-sign (-) after them and some options behave
differently when followed by a plus-sign (+). All options are
explained below with examples and tips on usage.
Here's a very short list of the few options you might want to try out
first. They're all pretty simple to use and do what you expect them
to do.
/A append Append source files to destination
/B beep Activate sound alarms
/M move Move source files
/N nothing Write nothing on disks, good for trying out commands
/P prompt Ask confirmation for every file
/S subdirs Copy subdirectories with directory structure
/? help Shows help. Add a letter after it for detailed info.
,mask Files that match a mask after a comma are not copied
Here are all the options CCopy understands. They are grouped into
three categories and sorted alphabetically. If you don't understand
the effects of a certain option, feel free to ignore it. You can also
notify me of this shortcoming and I'll try to rectify the situation
for the next release.
DISPLAY
/Vx view 0-none 1-brief 2-stats 3-progress 4-oneliner 5-twoliner
/Tx totals 0-none 1-brief 2-full
/Q quiet Same as /V0T0
/? help Shows help. Add a letter after it for detailed info.
SELECTION
/C changed Copy only if older file exists
/H hidden Copy hidden and system files and retain attributes
/K keep Do not overwrite any existing files
/N nothing Write nothing on disks
/P prompt Ask confirmation for every file (overrides /U and /C)
/R replace Overwrite existing files, /R+ overwrites read-only files
/U update Do not overwrite newer existing files
/X xisting Copy only files that already exist
/1 archive Only files with the archive-bit set are copied
/2 archive As above but clears the bit after copying
/[] range File selection ranges (size,date,time)
,mask Files that match a mask after a comma are not copied
;mask Mask inherits the same path as the previous mask
MISCELLANEOUS
/4 4DOS 4DOS description support
/A append Append source files to destination, /A+ for text files
/B beep Activate sound alarms
/D- file Target is a file \
/D dir/file Prompt for file/dir when target doesn't exist
/D+ dir Target is a directory /
/E extension Change existing files' extensions
/F file comp Compare files after copying
/G gather Copy subdirectories w/o structure (overrides /S)
/J jump Jump to destination directory (only DOS version)
/L cleave Cleave (split) file to several disks
/M move Move source files
/O optimize Optimize files for best fit to several disks
/S subdirs Copy subdirectories with directory structure
/S+ prune Prune source directory to destination
/V verify /V+ enables, /V- disables DOS verify flag during copying
/Z zap Delete dest (Z+ no prompt),/ZZ w/subs,/ZZZ erase drive
@comfile Read 'comfile' into the command line
=logfile Write event log to 'logfile'
Below are listed all the options with a detailed description, tips
on usage and other notes. They are sorted in a good order in which
you can read and understand them. You can also access these
descriptions by using CCopy's online help system (type CC/?? for
instructions).
DISPLAY
/Vx view This option controls the information shown on the
screen during copying. The number after the letter V
defines screen output, and the choices are:
0: None. Nothing is shown on the screen.
1: Brief. Only the file names are shown.
2: Stats. File names and sizes are shown.
3: Progress. File names and sizes with progress
indicators are shown. (default)
4: Oneliner. Like 3 but doesn't change the line and
the end result looks like 0.
5: Twoliner. Like 4 but shows source and destination
paths during copying.
TIP: You can use /V4 in batch files when you want to see
the progress indicators but don't want to mess up
the screen.
/Tx totals This option controls the information shown on the
screen after copying is finished. The number after the
letter T defines screen output, and the choices are:
0: None. Nothing is shown on the screen.
1: Brief. Number of files copied and skipped with total
sizes.
2: Full. Like 1 but free space, total copying time,
copying speed and buffer size are shown. (default)
TIP: /T2 does a free space check after copying, so /T1 may
be a bit faster when copying to diskettes without any
kind of disk caching.
/Q quiet This option does exactly the same thing as the two
options /T0 and /V0. This means that nothing is shown
on the screen during or after the copying, so CCopy
operates quietly.
TIP: Use /Q (or /V0T0) in batch files where you want copying
done invisibly. If, on the other hand, you would like
to see the progress indicators without leaving any
traces on the screen, use /V4T0 (or /QV4).
/? help If you just type CC, you are shown a short list of the
basic options. CC/? will show the complete list in two
pages. But CCopy also has an online help system. If you
want to see the information concerning a certain
command line option, just add it after the question
mark. This means that CC/?M will show information on
the Move-option and CC/?; will tell you how to use the
include lists. CC/?? shows this text.
SELECTION
/N nothing This option is the ultimate safety switch. If you
insert this on the command line, CCopy is guaranteed to
do absolutely nothing. This may seem a bit peculiar,
but what actually happens is that ALL disk writes are
disabled. This means that no files are created,
renamed or deleted, no directories are created or
removed, zapping is disabled and so on.
CCopy will appear to operate as usual and will still
read the source files normally, but nothing is ever
written on any disks.
TIP: If you're not sure what a certain command will do, add
/N after it and execute it without worries. Whatever
CCopy will seem to do is not actually done, so your
disks are completely safe. This is great for testing
out some of the more complex commands without any risk.
/R replace Use /R to force CCopy to overwrite any files it needs
to. This is normally not needed as you can simply
activate this from the first confirmation prompt CCopy
provides (by choosing the All-option). A minus-sign (-)
will disable this option.
TIP: This can be conbined with one of the filters (X,U,C,P)
to produce an automated filtered copy which requires no
user interaction.
/R+ replace This is the stronger version of /R and automatically
overwrites read-only files. Without this, CCopy will
issue another confirmation prompt for each read-only
file it's about to overwrite. This option can also be
activated from the first read-only confirmation prompt
(by choosing the All-option).
TIP: Use one of these in a batch file that you know will
overwrite files and needs to operate on its own,
without any interaction with the user.
/K keep This is the opposite of /R and will force CCopy to
automatically skip any files that would overwrite other
files. This option can also be activated from the first
overwrite prompt CCopy issues (by choosing the
Skip-option). A minus-sign (-) will disable this
option.
TIP: Use this in a batch file that needs to operate without
user interaction and must not overwrite any files.
/H hidden When you add this option to the command line, CCopy
will copy all files, including hidden and system files.
CCopy also retains the files' attributes which means
that when you copy read-only files the destination file
will be read-only as well. Without this option the file
will be changed into a normal file. A minus-sign (-)
will disable this option.
TIP: You can use this when copying files from one disk to
another to ensure that all files are really copied and
no hidden files are left out.
WARNING: Be careful when using this with /M, as you can
accidentally move important system files and cause
problems to your system.
/X xisting This is the simplest filter (X,U,C,P) CCopy knows and
one of the more useful ones. If this option is
specified in the command line, CCopy will filter out
all files that would not overwrite another file were
they copied. A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
NOTE: Filters (X,U,C) only skip certain files. Use /R to
force automatic operation. You can only have one filter
in use at a time.
TIP: Use this to backtrack an accident. If you copy or
extract several files to a wrong directory with older
files, /X is the easiest way to clean that directory.
Just copy/open the same files to another, empty
directory and then move the accidental files with /X to
that directory. Only they are moved and other files are
left where they are.
/U update Update is one of CCopy's filters (X,U,C,P). /U will
filter out files that would overwrite a file that is
not older than the source file. This means that CCopy
will accept only files that don't overwrite other files
or overwrite files older than themselves. A minus-sign
(-) will disable this option.
NOTE: Filters (X,U,C) only skip certain files. Use /R to
force automatic operation. You can only have one filter
in use at a time.
TIP: You can use /U to update programs and backup files. All
new files are accepted and only those that would
replace newer files are skipped.
/C changed Changed (or freshen) is one of CCopy's filers
(X,U,C,P). /C will filter out all files that don't
already exist and also all files that will overwrite a
file that is not older than the source file. This means
that CCopy will accept only files that overwrite files
older than themselves. A minus-sign (-) will disable
this option.
NOTE: Filters (X,U,C) only skip certain files. Use /R to
force automatic operation. You can only have one filter
in use at a time.
TIP: /C is good for updating small programs of which you
keep only some files. When you acquire a newer version,
just copy the files with /C to the directory where the
older files are. This way no additional, unneeded files
are copied.
/P prompt Prompt is the interactive filter (X,U,C,P). It will
force CCopy to issue a confirmation prompt for each
file copied. With /P you can easily select the files
you want from a long list of files. The confirmation
prompt is very versatile and can be automated to
accept or skip all following files. A minus-sign (-)
will disable this option.
NOTE: Filters (X,U,C) only skip certain files. Use /R to
force automatic operation. You can only have one filter
in use at a time.
TIP: When you want to copy certain files that can't be
easily selected with source masks, exclude masks,
letter selection, selection ranges or other filters,
use /P to do the job. This way you can choose the
procedure for each file individually.
/1 archive This is the same as XCopy's /A-option. It copies only
files with their archive attribute set. A minus-sign
(-) will disable this option.
/2 archive This is the same as XCopy's /M-option. It copies only
files with their acrhive attribute set and removes it
after a successful copy. A minus-sign (-) will disable
this option.
/[] range Anything found between (/[) and (] ) is considered to
be a 4DOS selection range. There are three types: size,
date and time. For examples, see chapter "4dos
features".
,mask Exclude mask. Any file mask that is preceded by a comma
(,) is an exclude mask. No path is allowed, only a file
name mask. If a file matches any specified exclude
masks it will be ignored. With subdirectory copying all
exclude masks affect all files in all directories.
TIP: Use an exclude mask when it's easier to define which
files NOT to copy, rather than which files should be
copied.
;mask Include list. Any file mask that is preceded by a
semi-colon (;) will be given the same drive and path
than the mask before it.
TIP: When you have to copy several individual files from a
directory, type the path for just the first file and
use the semi-colon in front of the others.
WARNING: CCopy uses the last mask as the destination even if
it's part of an include list. Don't forget the final
dot (.) when copying several files to the current
working directory.
MISCELLANEOUS
/4 4DOS This option activates 4DOS description support. With
this feature enabled, CCopy checks for a (possible
hidden) file named DESCRIPT.ION and reads any comments
it has and updates them as files are copied. A
minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: If you use this, it's best to add it to your CC alias
statement so it's on at all times.
/A append This option will force CCopy to copy all source files
one after the other to the destination file. This
option can't be used with the /M option for security
reasons. CCopy checks the file for an end-of-file
character and will prompt you whether or not it should
be removed before another file is appended to it. For
text files, removing the EOF-character is recommended.
A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
/A+ append This will assume that the files are all text files and
should the EOF-character be found, it will be removed
automatically.
TIP: You can also use plus-signs (+) to append files, just
like in the conventional copier. This method, however
is much more limited as it cannot handle wildcards. Use
whichever method you prefer.
/B beep This will activate CCopy's sound alarms. Whenever CCopy
needs you to answer a prompt, a sound alarm will be
emitted. Another alarm will be sounded when the copying
is finished. A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: Use this for those copies that take a long time. Then
you don't have to watch the screen the whole time as
you can hear when the copying is done or your input is
required. When copying to multiple disks, this is very
useful.
/D- file Target is a file \
/D dir/file Prompt for file/dir when target doesn't exist
/D+ dir Target is a directory /
/V verify This option will turn the DOS verify flag on during
copying. /V- will in turn disable it.
TIP: Use this if you don't want to keep the verify flag
slowing things down at all times. But want the security
active during file copying.
/F file comp With this option, CCopy will perform a bit-by-bit
comparison between the source file and the destination
file to assure that no write errors have occured.
Smartdrive and compatible disk caches will be flushed
so that the comparison will be done from the disk, not
the cache. The DOS verify flag will be activated when
/F is specified. A minus-sign (-) will disable this
option.
TIP: This is useful when copying files to diskettes. Usually
DOS verify is sufficient, but sometimes you may want to
make absolutely sure that no errors have occured.
/S subdirs If you specify /S, CCopy will copy files from all the
subdirectories of the source directory as well. Only
one source flag is accepted for security reasons. The
directory structure will be built to the destination
exactly as it originally was. A minus-sign (-) will
disable this option.
TIP: Use this to copy large multi-dir programs to another
location. You can also use /M to move the program. You
can even copy the whole structure onto multiple disks
should you want to, although it's not recommended. You
should rather compress the program into an archive and
use Cleave (/L) to copy it to the diskettes.
/S+ prune This differs from the normal /S in one aspect: the
source directory will be created under the destination
directory rather than just copying the files into the
destination directory.
TIP: This option is one of the most useful and powerful
features CCopy has. With just a single command you can
move or copy an entire multi-dir program to another
location without needing a single mkdir or rmdir
command.
/G gather Gathering will scan the directory tree just like /S,
but it will not recreate the subdirectories to the
destination. A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: Use this to copy certain files from a directory tree to
a single directory for easy viewing and/or
manipulation. /E is also useful in this respect.
/E extension This option will disable all overwrite prompts.
Instead, CCopy will rename the original file's
extension so that the copying will not overwrite any
files. A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: Use this with the Gather-option to assure that all
files found are copied and none are overwritten.
/J jump This simple little option will, after copying, change
the current working directory and drive to the
destination directory. A minus-sign (-) will disable
this option.
TIP: Use this whenever you copy files to a directory with a
long path name and you intend to change to that
directory right after copying. This will save you a lot
of work as you have to type the path just once.
/L cleave If you use this option, you can use only one source
file. This file will then be copied to the destination
(usually a diskette drive) and when the disk runs out
of space, you can change the disk and copying will be
resumed. This will effectively split the large file
into several chunks that fill their disks completely. A
minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: When you need to recombine the chunks, just copy them
with the Append (/A) option to a single file.
/M move CCopy is a file mover as well as a copier. When you
specify the Move-option, CCopy will actually move the
files if it can, instead of just copying them and
removing the source files afterwards. CCopy sees
through any substed drives and will move the files if
they really reside in the same drive.
When moving files from one drive to another, moving is
impossible so CCopy will copy them as usual and remove
the source files after copying them. A minus-sign (-)
will disable this option.
TIP: Use /M whenever you need to move files. Most of the
time you're moving withing a single drive and CCopy can
move the files at an extremely fast rate.
/O optimize As CCopy can automatically copy files to several
diskettes, it's only natural that CCopy can also do the
job well. When /O is defined, CCopy will store
information concerning the source files' sizes to
memory and when copying, will copy the files in
descending order of size and continue until the disk
is absolutely filled as well as possible. Note that
all source files need to be in the same directory. A
minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
TIP: Use /O whenever you're copying several small to medium
sized files to several diskettes. The difference in
wasted free space is tremendous.
/Z zap Zapper will remove the files from the destination
before copying the source files. A confirmation prompt
is always issued with the complete mask that will be
removed. A minus-sign (-) will disable this option.
/Z+ No confirmation prompt is issued. DANGEROUS!
/ZZ This removes the destination directory with all its
subdirectories. VERY DANGEROUS!
/ZZ+ This removes the destination directory with all its
subdirectories without any confirmation. EXTREMELY
DANGEROUS!
/ZZZ This removes the whole destination drive, including all
subdirectories and files. VERY DANGEROUS!
WARNING! Zapping is extremely dangerous and careless use can
easily result in loss of data. Use these only after
making sure you know what you're doing. Try them with
the /N option first.
TIP: Although quite dangerous, these are good for example
when you want to clean a diskette before copying files
into it. Note that when you change a disk CCopy will
reZap the new disk as well.
@comfile Command file. The file specified after the at-sign (@)
will be read and processed just like the normal command
line.
TIP: This can be useful if you have a list of files you want
to copy in a file. Just specify the list file after an
at-sign and its contents (the list of files) is
processed just as if you had entered it on the command
line.
=logfile Log file. The file specified after the equal-sign (=)
will be opened and all copying activity will be
appended to it. This information can be used to build
statistics of your copying activity and to activate the
/Invert (UNDO) option. Only works in the registered
version.
TIP: If you use this, it's best to specify it in an alias or
batch file so that it's always active.
════════════════════╤════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES │
════════════════════╛
COPYING SEVERAL FILES TO DISKETTES
Use /O to ensure all disks are filled to maximum capacity. /B is also
useful to get a sound alarm when you need to change diskettes.
CC C:\FILES\MISC A: /ob
COPYING LARGE FILES TO DISKETTES:
If you need to copy a file of several megabytes to diskettes, you can
use /L to cleave the file neatly to the disks. You might also want to
use /V or /F to make sure you catch any disk errors during copying.
/B is always useful when doing long copies. If you're sure you don't
need any possible contents the disks may have, /ZZ, /ZZ+ or /ZZZ can
be used as well.
CC BIGFILE.ZIP A:\ /lfbzz+
When you need to reassemble the chunks, just append them together
with /A. /B may be useful as well.
CC A:BIGFILE.ZI? BIGFILE.ZIP /AB
MOVING MULTI-DIR PROGRAMS
You probably have numerous large programs, like Windows or commercial
games. These often have subdirectories and copying or moving them can
be quite difficult. But CCopy is designed to take care of this
problem as well. /S+ is the option to use here. With large programs,
it's also good to specify /H so that any hidden files are processed
as well.
OK, suppose you have WordPerfect in C:\TOOLS\WP but you'd like to
move it to C:\TEXTUTIL\WP. With CCopy, you only need one command.
CC C:\TOOLS\WP C:\TEXTUTIL /hms+
/S+ is the key element here. It will create a directory called WP
under the destination directory, thus creating C:\TEXTUTIL\WP. All
the files will then be moved to that directory and all subdirectories
will be moved as well. And if you just want to copy the program
instead of moving it, leave out /M.
COPYING FILES TO A NEW DIRECTORY
This is extremely easy. If you're copying several files, the
destination directory will be created if it doesn't exist. When
copying a single file, it will be copied to another name, but using a
backslash after the destination will force CCopy to make to
directory.
CC *.* C:\NOTEXIST - will create the directory
CC ONEFILE.EXE C:\NOTEXIST - will copy the file into a file NOTEXIST
CC ONEFILE.EXE C:\NOTEXIST\ - will create the directory
COPYING EVERYTHING BUT THESE
Sometimes it's easier to tell which files NOT to copy, instead of the
files you WANT to copy. For this reason CCopy has exclude masks.
CC *.*. A: ,*.exe
CC . ,*.exe a:
CC .,*.exe a:
ACCIDENTS AND RECOVERY
Everyone has sometimes made an error. Instead of copying those 50
files to their proper directory, you've accidentally copied them to
the wrong drive or wrong directory. Suppose you want to copy the
files from D:\FILES to C:\FILES.
D:\FILES>cc *.* C:
This command is quite dangerous, as you can't be sure of the current
working directory on drive C. If it's correct (\FILES) then there's
no problem, but it could just as well be \WINDOWS and then you have
your files mixed up in C:\WINDOWS. How can you get them out of there?
D:\FILES>cc C: /MRX
This simple command will rectify the situation immediately, if the
working directory on drive C is still \WINDOWS. The command will move
(/M) all files from C:\WINDOWS back to the directory where you first
started copying from. It will also replace (/R) all files that do
exist. And, most importantly, it will copy only those files that
already exist in D:\FILES.
This means that all the files that were in C:\WINDOWS originally will
still be there but all the mistakenly copied files are removed. After
this you can do the original copy command, the correct way.
D:\FILES>cc *.* C:\FILES\
Another source of misplaced files are file compressors. When opening
a compressed archive, you can quite easily open the files to the
wrong directory:
D:\ZIP>pkunzip -d bigpack.zip C:
Now, if your working directory of drive C were \WINDOWS, then you
could have unwanted files AND subdirectories, and lots of them.
There's really no easy way to remove them, at least, there hasn't
been before CCopy. You now need two commands to clean up the mess.
D:\ZIP>pkunzip -d bigpack.zip C:\TESTDIR\
D:\ZIP>cc C: C:\TESTDIR\ /MRXS
First, you need to open the archive to the correct place. Then we use
/X with /M to save the day again. /R will automate the procedure and
/S is now needed so that the subdirectories are scanned as well.
CCopy will even remove the extra subdirectories for you,
automatically!
══════════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
4DOS FEATURES │
══════════════╛
CCopy supports all the features of 4DOS's copy program even if 4dos
isn't the active operating system. For those who do not use 4dos, a
brief explanation is provided. Note that many of these features are
more advanced than those of 4dos copy. 4DOS is the registered
trademark of JP Software Inc.
EXTENDED FILEMASKS:
Normal DOS interprets *C*.EXE as *.EXE, but 4dos correctly picks out
the files with the letter 'C' in them. CCopy does that as well. The
OS/2-version also supports long file names as specified by the HPFS.
EXTENDED COMMAND LINE:
4DOS can use a command line of up to 255 characters, while DOS only
127 (OS/2: normal length is 512, 4os uses 1024 characters). CCopy can
read 4dos command lines of any length.
INCLUDE LISTS:
Starting a mask with a semi-colon (;) adds the directory of the
previous mask to it.
CC C:\FILES\*.EXE;*.COM .
Will copy all exe- and com-files from c:\files to the current
directory. You can have extra blanks on either side of the semi-colon
whenever you want. Even though the second mask is an include mask, it
will be the destination if it is the last mask in the command line.
Thus the last dot at the end defines the current working directory as
the destination.
LETTER SELECTION:
With 4dos programs, you can use brackets as letter selectors.
FILE[123456].EXE
FILE[1-6].EXE
Both of these copy files FILE1.EXE,FILE2.EXE...FILE6.EXE. Also,
letters '?' and '!' can be used. '?' stands for any character and '!'
for negation.
FILE[!2].EXE
This would choose all files matching FILE?.EXE except FILE2.EXE.
CCopy can also handle letter selections with one improvement: 4dos
allows '!' only at the beginning of the selection, but CCopy allows
'!' anywhere. Some examples:
FILE[1-9!3-6].EXE (files 1..2 and 7..9)
FILE[A-Z!G-P!M].EXE (files A..F, M and Q..Z).
SIZE SELECTION RANGE:
Accepts only the files whose sizes fall within the range.
Sizes larger than 50,000 bytes:
/[s50k]
/[s50000]
Sizes larger than 50 kilobytes (51,200 bytes):
/[s50K]
/[S50K]
Sizes between 200 kilobytes and 2 megabytes:
/[S200K,2M]
Sizes smaller than 120,000 bytes:
/[s0,120000]
Sizes between 100 and 150 bytes: (4dos doesn't allow the last two)
/[s100,150]
/[s100,+50]
/[S150,100]
/[s150,-50]
TIME SELECTION RANGE:
Accepts only the files whose time stamps fall within the range.
Time between 10:00 and current time:
/[t10:00]
/[T10:00a]
Time between 22:00 and current time:
/[t10:00p]
/[T22:00]
Time between 10:15 and 11:15:
/[t10:15,11:15]
/[t10:15,+60]
/[t11:15,10:15]
/[t11:15,-60]
Time between 13:15:20 and 22:00:
/[t13:15:20,10:00P]
Time between two hours ago and one hours ago:
/[t-120,+60]
DATE SELECTION RANGE:
Accepts only the files whose date stamps fall within the range.
Date between 12th October 1994 and today:
/[d12.10.94]
/[d10/12/94]
/[d12.10.1994]
Date between 12th June and 10th October:
/[D12.6,10.10]
/[D12-6,10-10]
Date between 12th and 22nd June:
/[d12.6,+10]
/[d22.6,-10]
/[D12.6,22.6]
Date between 10th May 18:00 and 12th May 10:00:
/[d10.5@18:00,12.5@10:00]
/[D10.5@18:00,+2@10:00]
Date today:
/[d-0]
Date yesterday:
/[d-1,+0]
══════════════════════════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════
APPENDIX A: SPEED COMPARISONS │
══════════════════════════════╛
To back up the claim that CCopy is very fast, several test runs have
been performed. All results that are listed here are averages of
several test runs on the same situation. The disk caching program
used was Smartdrive. Between each test run the cache was restarted so
that nothing was in the cache prior to the test.
Notice that CCopy was executed with normal parameters. This means
that no extra speed was squeezed by /v0 (which disables screen
output) or /t0 (which disables one last free space check from the
end).
The programs tested are:
COPY = 4DOS 5.50 copy command
XCOPY = PC-DOS 7.0 XCOPY.EXE
CCOPY SW = CCopy 1.06 shareware version
CCOPY REG = CCopy 1.06 registered version
ONE LARGE FILE, FAST HARD DISK IN A PCI-CONTROLLER
Copier No caching Read cache Write cache
COPY 10.38s 100% 9.30s 100% 4.15s 100%
XCOPY 9.08s 88% 7.66s 82% 3.83s 92%
CCOPY SW 6.52s 63% 7.00s 75% 4.67s 113%
CCOPY REG 3.48s 33% 3.90s 42% 3.18s 77%
Here you see the power of CCopy's large data buffers. As only a
single file is being copied, there are no speed limits due to
FAT-updates or small file sizes and the data transfer works at
maximum speed. CCopy actually works faster without disk caching than
with one. Read caching only slows it down as all the data is copied
to the disk cache's memory as well. At best, CCopy is three times as
fast as the conventional copier.
100 SMALL FILES, FAST HARD DISK IN A PCI-CONTROLLER
Copier No caching Read cache Write cache
COPY 30.78s 100% 17.32s 100% 2.36s 100%
XCOPY 17.28s 56% 16.59s 96% 2.20s 93%
CCOPY SW 27.59s 89% 13.40s 77% 2.41s 102%
CCOPY REG 27.76s 90% 13.40s 77% 2.43s 103%
With several small files CCopy is at a disadvantage. As it calculates
the total size of source files prior to copying and checks for free
space every now and then, it's no wonder it can't perform much better
than normal copiers. With read caching, CCopy is still significantly
better.
ONE LARGE FILE, SLOW HARD DISK IN AN ISA-CONTROLLER
Copier No caching Read cache Write cache
COPY 21.07s 100% 20.65s 100% 11.63s 100%
XCOPY 18.13s 86% 17.85s 86% 10.40s 89%
CCOPY SW 12.29s 58% 11.95s 58% 11.44s 98%
CCOPY REG 11.39s 54% 11.15s 54% 10.88s 93%
Slower hard disks slow down all copiers and with full caching CCopy
is only marginally faster. With limited caching, however, a notable
difference in favor of CCopy can be seen.
100 SMALL FILES, SLOW HARD DISK IN AN ISA-CONTROLLER
Copier No caching Read cache Write cache
COPY 42.29s 100% 31.32s 100% 3.34s 100%
XCOPY 30.78s 73% 30.04s 96% 3.06s 92%
CCOPY SW 33.36s 79% 20.06s 64% 3.62s 108%
CCOPY REG 30.94s 73% 19.21s 61% 3.45s 103%
While small files inhibit CCopy from utilizing its speed to its
maximum capacity, a slow hard disk slows other programs down even
more. Without caching CCopy works almost as fast as with a faster
hard disk (see above) and with read caching is quite better than copy
or xcopy.
═════════════════════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════
APPENDIX B: CONTACTING THE AUTHOR│
═════════════════════════════════╛
I always like to hear from the users of CCopy, so if you want to,
please contact me. If you have any new ideas or bug reports, I'd
really appreciate you letting me know. If you have any questions
about CCopy or just want to say hello, please go ahead.
You can contact me in several ways:
1. SNAIL MAIL: 2. INTERNET: ttoikkan@gamma.hut.fi
Tarmo Toikkanen 3, COMPUSERVE: 100523,2223
Ruusulankatu 19 A 26
FIN-00250 4. MBNET: Tarmo Toikkanen, area 99
Helsinki
FINLAND 5. PHONE: +358-0-493 169
════════════════════╤════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
APPENDIX C: CREDITS │
════════════════════╛
AUTHOR Tarmo Toikkanen
BETA-TESTERS Ben-Zion Cassouto
Walter Rydman
Heikki Timonen
Toni Timonen
ACTIVE USERS Ben-Zion Cassouto
Sami Farin
Markus Mattila
Santeri Saarimaa
Walter Rydman
Heikki Timonen
Toni Timonen
N. van Tol
E. van de Winckel
Zorlim
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