@Database "AmigaFlight Data Movement Instructions"
@$VER: AmigaFlight® Data Movement Guide 1.2 (16.02.94)
@Author Andrew Duffy & Chris Morris
@(c) 1992-1994, XCNT Productions
@Index "AmigaFlight:Help/Assembly/Assembly.guide/AssemblyIndex"}
@Tab=8
@Node Main "AmigaFlight® Help: Data Movement Instructions
@Toc "AmigaFlight:Help/Assembly/Assembly.guide/InstructSet"
Data Movement Instructions
==========================
The basic method of data aquisition (transfer and storage) is provided by
the move instruction. The move instruction and the effective addressing
modes allow both address and data manipulation. Data move instructions
allow byte, word, and long word operand transfers and ensure that only
legal address manipulations are executed. In addition to the general move
instruction, there are several special data movement instructions.
Move
----
@{"MOVE <ea>,<ea> " LINK "MOVE"} Move Data from Source to Destination
@{"MOVE SR,<ea> " LINK "MOVE_SR1"} Move from Status Register
@{"MOVE <ea>,SR " LINK "AmigaFlight:Help/Assembly/SysControl.guide/MOVE_SR2"} Move to Status Register (Privileged)
@{"MOVE <ea>,CCR " LINK "MOVE_CCR"} Move to Condition Codes
Move Multiple
-------------
@{"MOVEM " LINK "MOVEM"} Move Multiple Registers
Move Address
------------
@{"MOVEA <ea>,An " LINK "MOVEA"} Move Address
Load Effective Address
----------------------
@{"LEA " LINK "LEA"} Load Effective Address
Push Effective Address
----------------------
@{"PEA <ea> " LINK "PEA"} Push Effective Address
Move Peripheral Data
--------------------
@{"MOVEP " LINK "MOVEP"} Move Peripheral Data
Move Quick
----------
@{"MOVEQ #d,Dn " LINK "MOVEQ"} Move Quick
Register Swap and Exchange
--------------------------
@{"SWAP Dn " LINK "SWAP"} Swap Data Register Halves
@{"EXG " LINK "EXG"} Exchange Registers
Link and Unlink
---------------
@{"LINK An,#<dis> " LINK "LINK"} Link and Allocate
@{"UNLK An " LINK "UNLK"} Unlink
@EndNode
@Node EXG "AmigaFlight® Help: Exchange Registers"
EXG Exchange Registers
==========================
Exchange the contents of the source and destination registers. All
32-bits are always exchanged. Any two registers may be specified.
Rx <-> Ry
Assembler Syntax
----------------
EXG{.L} Rx,Ry
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct * *
Address Register Direct * *
Address Register Indirect - -
Postincrement Register Indirect - -
Predecrement Register Indirect - -
Register Indirect with Offset - -
Register Indirect with Index - -
Absolute Short - -
Absolute Long - -
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
# p
Dx,Dy 2 6
Dx,Ay 2 6
Ax,Ay 2 6
# = no. of program bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@Endnode
@Node LEA "AmigaFlight® Help: Load Effective Address"
LEA Load Effective Address
==============================
Load the calculated (effective) address into the destination
address register.
Destn -> An
Assembler Syntax
----------------
LEA{.L} <ea>,An
<ea> - control
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - -
Address Register Direct - *
Address Register Indirect * -
Postincrement Register Indirect - -
Predecrement Register Indirect * -
Register Indirect with Offset * -
Register Indirect with Index * -
Absolute Short * -
Absolute Long * -
P.C. Relative with Offset * -
P.C. Relative with Index * -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> # p
(An) 2 4
d16(An) 4 8
d8(An,Ri) 4 12
Abs short 4 8
Abs long 6 12
d16(PC) 4 8
d8(PC,Ri) 4 12
# = no. of program bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node LINK "AmigaFlight® Help: Link and Allocate"
LINK Link and Allocate
=========================
Push the current contents of the destination address register onto
the stack. Load the contents of the stack pointer into the
destination address register. Add the immediate value to the stack
pointer.
This instruction is commonly used at subroutine entry to allocate
a new frame pointer and local temporary storage. This is normally
done with a negative displacement.
An -> SP@- : SP -> An : SP + d -> SP
Assembler Syntax
----------------
LINK{.W} An,#<displacement>
where the displacement is a sign extended 16 bit value
Data Size
---------
Unsized
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> # p
4 16
# = no. of program bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node MOVE "AmigaFlight® Help: Move Data from Source to Destination"
MOVE Move Data from Source to Destination
============================================
Copy the source operand to the destination operand. The upper byte
of data is ignored when moving data to the condition code
register. The move instructions that load and store the user stack
pointer from and to an address register may only be executed while
in supervisor mode.
Source -> Destn
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVE{.[B/W/L]} <ea>,<ea>
MOVE{.[W/L]} <ea>,An
MOVE{.W} <ea>,CCR
MOVE{.W} <ea>,SR
MOVE{.W} SR,<ea>
MOVE{.L} An,USP
MOVE{.L} USP,An
Source <ea> - all modes
Destination <ea> -data alterable only
USP - User Stack Pointer
CCR - Condition Code Register
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct * *
Address Register Direct * -
Address Register Indirect * *
Postincrement Register Indirect * *
Predecrement Register Indirect * *
Register Indirect with Offset * *
Register Indirect with Index * *
Absolute Short * *
Absolute Long * *
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate * -
Data Size
---------
Byte, Word, Long
Status Flags
------------
N Set if negative
Z Set if zero
V Always cleared
C Always cleared
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
BYTE/WORD D E S T I N A T I O N
Source Dn (An) (An)+ -(An)
<ea> # p # p # p # p
Dn 2 4 2 8 2 8 2 8
An (word) 2 4 2 8 2 8 2 8
(An) 2 8 2 12 2 12 2 12
(An)+ 2 8 2 12 2 12 2 12
-(An) 2 10 2 14 2 14 2 14
d16(An) 4 12 4 16 4 16 4 16
d8(An,Ri) 4 14 4 18 4 18 4 18
Abs short 4 12 4 16 4 16 4 16
Abs long 6 16 6 20 6 20 6 20
d16(PC) 4 12 4 16 4 16 4 16
d8(PC,Ri) 4 14 4 18 4 18 4 18
Immediate 4 8 4 12 4 12 4 12
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
BYTE/WORD D E S T I N A T I O N
Source d(An) d(An,Ri) AbsW AbsL
<ea> # p # p # p # p
Dn 4 12 4 14 4 12 6 16
An (word) 4 12 4 14 4 12 6 16
(An) 4 16 4 18 4 16 6 20
(An)+ 4 16 4 18 4 16 6 20
-(An) 4 18 4 20 4 18 6 22
d16(An) 6 20 6 22 6 20 8 24
d8(An,Ri) 6 22 6 24 6 22 8 26
Abs short 6 20 6 22 6 20 8 24
Abs long 8 24 8 26 8 24 10 28
d16(PC) 6 20 6 22 6 20 8 24
d8(PC,Ri) 6 22 6 24 6 22 8 26
Immediate 6 16 6 18 6 16 8 20
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
LONG D E S T I N A T I O N
Source Dn (An) (An)+ -(An)
<ea> # p # p # p # p
Dn 2 4 2 12 2 12 2 12
An (word) 2 4 2 18 2 12 2 12
(An) 2 12 2 20 2 20 2 20
(An)+ 2 12 2 20 2 20 2 20
-(An) 2 14 2 22 2 22 2 22
d16(An) 4 16 4 24 4 24 4 24
d8(An,Ri) 4 18 4 26 4 26 4 26
Abs short 4 16 4 24 4 24 4 24
Abs long 6 20 6 28 6 28 6 28
d16(PC) 4 16 4 24 4 24 4 24
d8(PC,Ri) 4 18 4 26 4 26 4 26
Immediate 4 12 4 20 4 20 4 20
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
LONG D E S T I N A T I O N
Source d(An) d(An,Ri) AbsW AbsL
<ea> # p # p # p # p
Dn 4 16 4 18 4 16 6 20
An (word) 4 16 4 18 4 16 6 20
(An) 4 24 4 26 4 24 6 28
(An)+ 4 24 4 26 4 24 6 28
-(An) 4 26 4 28 4 26 6 30
d16(An) 6 28 6 30 6 28 8 32
d8(An,Ri) 6 30 6 32 6 30 8 34
Abs short 6 28 6 30 6 28 8 32
Abs long 8 32 8 34 8 32 10 36
d16(PC) 6 28 6 30 6 28 8 32
d8(PC,Ri) 6 30 6 32 6 30 8 34
Immediate 6 24 6 26 6 24 8 28
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node MOVE_CCR "AmigaFlight® Help: MOVE to Condition Codes"
MOVE_CCR MOVE to Condition Codes
=======================================
Copy the source operand to the Condition Code Register. The upper
byte of data is ignored when moving data to the condition code
register.
Source -> CCR
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVE{.W} <ea>,CCR
<ea> - data only
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct * -
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect * -
Postincrement Register Indirect * -
Predecrement Register Indirect * -
Register Indirect with Offset * -
Register Indirect with Index * -
Absolute Short * -
Absolute Long * -
P.C. Relative with Offset * -
P.C. Relative with Index * -
Immediate * -
Data Size
---------
Word (although only low byte is used to update CCR)
Status Flags
------------
N Set according to source operand
Z Set according to source operand
V Set according to source operand
C Set according to source operand
X Set according to source operand
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> # p
Dn 2 12
(An) 2 16
(An)+ 2 16
-(An) 2 18
d16(An) 4 20
d8(An,Ri) 4 22
Abs short 4 20
Abs long 6 24
d16(PC) 4 20
d8(PC,Ri) 4 22
Immediate 4 16
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node MOVE_SR1 "AmigaFlight® Help: MOVE from Status Register"
MOVE_SR MOVE from Status Register
=========================================
Copy the Status Register to the destination operand.
SR -> Destination
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVE{.W} SR,<ea>
<ea> - data alterable
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - *
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect - *
Postincrement Register Indirect - *
Predecrement Register Indirect - *
Register Indirect with Offset - *
Register Indirect with Index - *
Absolute Short - *
Absolute Long - *
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Word
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> # p
Dn 2 6
(An) 2 12
(An)+ 2 12
-(An) 2 14
d16(An) 4 16
d8(An,Ri) 4 18
Abs short 4 16
Abs long 6 20
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node MOVEA "AmigaFlight® Help: Move Address"
MOVEA Move Address
====================
Copy the source operand to the destination operand. This opcode is
a subset of the MOVE opcode, and requires that the destination be
an address register. If the value is loaded as a 16-bit word
value, this value is automatically sign-extended.
Source -> Address register
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVE{.[W/L]} <ea>,An
<ea> - all modes
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct * -
Address Register Direct * *
Address Register Indirect * -
Postincrement Register Indirect * -
Predecrement Register Indirect * -
Register Indirect with Offset * -
Register Indirect with Index * -
Absolute Short * -
Absolute Long * -
P.C. Relative with Offset * -
P.C. Relative with Index * -
Immediate * -
Data Size
---------
Word, Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> Word Long
# p # p
Dn 2 4 2 4
An 2 4 2 4
(An) 2 8 2 12
(An)+ 2 8 2 12
-(An) 2 10 2 14
d16(An) 4 12 4 16
d8(An,Ri) 4 14 4 18
Abs short 4 12 4 16
Abs long 6 16 6 20
d16(PC) 4 12 4 16
d8(PC,Ri) 4 14 4 18
Immediate 4 8 6 12
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@Endnode
@Node MOVEM "AmigaFlight® Help: Move Multiple Registers"
MOVEM Move Multiple Registers
===============================
Transfer the selected registers from the register list to or from
the consecutive memory locations starting at the memory location
specified by the effective address. The register list is evaluated
to a mask that specifies the list of the registers to be
transferred.
Registers -> Destination
Source -> Registers
Selected registers are transferred to or from consecutive memory
starting at <ea>
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVEM{.[W/L]} <register list>,<ea>
MOVEM{.[W/L]} <ea>,<register list>
<ea> destination - control alterable and predecrement
<ea> source - control alterable and postincrement
register list example: D3-D7/A1/A6/D1
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - -
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect - *
Postincrement Register Indirect - *
Predecrement Register Indirect - *
Register Indirect with Offset - *
Register Indirect with Index - *
Absolute Short - *
Absolute Long - *
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Word, Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
WORD <list>,<ea> <ea>,<list>
# p # p
(An) 4 8+4n 4 12+4n
(An)+ invalid 4 12+4n
-(An) 4 8+4n invalid
d16(An) 6 12+4n 6 16+4n
d8(An,Ri) 6 14+4n 6 18+4n
Abs short 6 12+4n 6 16+4n
Abs long 8 16+4n 8 20+4n
d16(PC) invalid 6 16+4n
d8(PC,Ri) invalid 6 18+4n
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
n = no. of registers in list
LONG <list>,<ea> <ea>,<list>
# p # p
(An) 4 8+8n 4 12+8n
(An)+ invalid 4 12+8n
-(An) 4 8+8n invalid
d16(An) 6 12+8n 6 16+8n
d8(An,Ri) 6 14+8n 6 18+8n
Abs short 6 12+8n 6 16+8n
Abs long 8 16+8n 8 20+8n
d16(PC) invalid 6 16+8n
d8(PC,Ri) invalid 6 18+8n
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
n = no. of registers in list
@EndNode
@Node MOVEP "AmigaFlight® Help: Move Peripheral Data"
MOVEP Move Peripheral Data
============================
Copy the source operand to the destination operand. This
instruction transfers data in alternate bytes to or from memory.
The starting address is specified by the displacement of the
specified address register, and the remaining addresses are
specified by incrementing the transfer location by two. This
instruction is designed to facilitate the transfer of data between
8-bit devices and the 16-bit data bus.
Source -> Destination
Transfer bytes of data register (high order byte first) to or from
alternate bytes of memory starting at d(Ay) and incrementing by
two.
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVEP{.[W/L]} Dx,d(Ay)
MOVEP{.[W/L]} d(Ay),Dx
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - -
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect - -
Postincrement Register Indirect - -
Predecrement Register Indirect - -
Register Indirect with Offset - -
Register Indirect with Index - -
Absolute Short - -
Absolute Long - -
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Word, Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
# p
Word 4 16
Long 4 24
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node MOVEQ "AmigaFlight® Help: Move Quick"
MOVEQ Move Quick
==================
Copy the source operand to the destination operand. This opcode
requires that the source be an 8-bit immediate value. The value is
sign-extended before loading it as a 32-bit number into the
specified data register.
Immediate Data -> Destination
Assembler Syntax
----------------
MOVEQ{.L} #<data>,Dn
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - -
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect - -
Postincrement Register Indirect - -
Predecrement Register Indirect - -
Register Indirect with Offset - -
Register Indirect with Index - -
Absolute Short - -
Absolute Long - -
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Long
Status Flags
------------
N Set if negative
Z Set if zero
V Always cleared
C Always cleared
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
# p
Long 2 4
# = no. of instruction bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node PEA "AmigaFlight® Help: Push Effective Address"
PEA Push Effective Address
==============================
Push the calculated (effective) address onto the stack.
Destination -> SP@-
Assembler Syntax
----------------
PEA{.L} <ea>
<ea> - control
Addressing Modes
----------------
Mode Source Destination
Data Register Direct - -
Address Register Direct - -
Address Register Indirect * -
Postincrement Register Indirect - -
Predecrement Register Indirect - -
Register Indirect with Offset * -
Register Indirect with Index * -
Absolute Short * -
Absolute Long * -
P.C. Relative with Offset - -
P.C. Relative with Index - -
Immediate - -
Data Size
---------
Long
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
<ea> # p
(An) 2 14
d16(An) 4 18
d8(An,Ri) 4 22
Abs short 4 18
Abs long 6 22
d16(PC) 4 18
d8(PC,Ri) 4 22
# = no. of program bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
@Node SWAP "AmigaFlight® Help: Swap Data Register Halves"
SWAP Swap Data Register Halves
=================================
Exchange the upper 16 bits of the destination data register with
the lower 16 bits of the same register. Store the result in the
destination register.
Register b31..16 <-> Register b15..b0
Assembler Syntax
----------------
SWAP{.W} Dn
Data Size
---------
Word
Status Flags
------------
N Set if bit 31 of result is set, else cleared
Z Set if result = 0, else cleared
V Always cleared
C Always cleared
X Not affected
No.of program bytes: 2
No. of instruction clock periods: 4
@EndNode
@Node UNLK "AmigaFlight® Help: Unlink"
UNLK Unlink
==============
Load the stack pointer from the destination address register, then
pop the long value from the new top of the stack and place it in
the destination register. This instruction is commonly used at
subroutine exit to restore an old frame pointer and free up any
local temporary storage.
An -> SP : SP@+ -> An
Assembler Syntax
----------------
UNLK <ea>
Data Size
---------
Unsized
Status Flags
------------
N Not affected
Z Not affected
V Not affected
C Not affected
X Not affected
Instruction Size and Cycles to Execute
--------------------------------------
# p
Unsized 2 34
# = no. of program bytes
p = no. of instruction clock periods
@EndNode
