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HP48 Java Library
Richard Steventon, Andre Schoorl, and Will Laughlin
v3.0, 29 May 1997
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents:
==================
1. What is Java?
2. Features
3. Library Info
3.1 Copyright and Disclaimer
3.2 Flavours
3.3 Sizes and Checksums
3.4 Changes
4. Installing/Deleting Java
4.1 Installing the Library
4.2 Deleting the Library
4.3 Universal Font Library
5. Commands
5.1 JAVA
5.2 STK
5.3 AGROB
5.4 FHOOK
5.5 CLRCACHE
6. Java's Features
6.1 Speed Enhancements
6.1.1 ML Decomp
6.1.2 Graphic Cache
6.2 Improved Status Area
6.3 Scrolling of Level One Object
6.4 Dynamic Port Lock/Unlock Feature
6.5 Running of AUTOEXEC
6.6 UPDIR Replacement
6.7 Interactive Stack Menu Keys
6.8 SysRPL Mode with Jazz
6.8.1 Setup
6.8.2 Using the SSTK Type Display
6.8.3 Editor Changes in SysRPL Mode
6.9 External Libraries
6.10 Accessing String to Grob Routines
7. On-Stack Algebraics
7.1 Tagged Objects
7.2 Grobs
7.3 Global name
7.4 Local variable names
7.5 Units
7.6 Arrays
7.7 Lists
7.8 Algebraics
7.9 User Functions
8. Trying the Samples Directory
9. Using Java's Code
9.1 Notes on Hacking
9.2 Source Code Availability
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. Thanks
12. E-Mail Addresses
______________________________________________________________________
1. What is Java?
=================
Java is a library that displays an improved 5 level stack. It
combines the best of SOL, HPSauce, EQStk, and others. Plus there are
several new features and improvements! The intent of Java is to
provide a more useful and faster stack environment for HP48
calculators.
2. Features
============
o Works on S/SX and G/GX
o 5-level stack, and fast 7-level interactive stack
o SOL's famous lowercase menus
o FULL path display with lowercase support in status area
o Improved status area, includes decimal mode, beep flag, and card
status
o Option for oval/rectangular menu keys
o Autostart if not in covered memory and flag 64 is set
o Routines to help greatly improve stack speed!
o On-stack equations, arrays, and units with lowercase support!
o Configurable editor (alters keys and interactive stack editor)
o On-stack scrolling of AGROB output creates a sort of virtual
desktop
o On the fly RAM card lock/unlock without warmstart
o Will run AUTOEXEC if it exists on startup
o Support for System RPL display if a recent copy of Jazz exists
3. Library Info
================
3.1. Copyright and Disclaimer
------------------------------
All files of the Java library are Copyright (C) 1997 by Richard
Steventon, Andre Schoorl, and Will Laughlin unless otherwise noted.
The Java library is freely distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but is provided `as is' and is subject to change without
notice. No warranty of any kind is made with regard to the software
or documentation. The authors shall not be liable for any errors,
incidental or consequential damages arising from use of the software
or documentation.
Permission to copy the whole, unmodified Java package is granted
provided that the copies are not made or distributed for resale
(excepting nominal copying fees). If you put Java on CD-ROM and
distribute it, you should send each of the authors a free copy. E-
Mail us for our postal addresses.
The HP48 Java library has no connection at all to the Sun Microsystems
product of the same name. Since the Java library is not a commercial
product, we do not expect this to a problem.
3.2. Flavours
--------------
Java is now brewed in four delicious flavours: Espresso, Cappuccino,
Mocha, and Decaf. Choose the one that best suites your taste and
available memory.
Espresso
o ML Decomp for strings
o AGROB for algebraics
o General purpose full featured library
Cappuccino
o Built in decomp for strings
o Enhanced AGROB for algebraics, with all compiler flags set
(includes user functions)
o Intended for math users
Mocha
o ML Decomp for strings
o Algebraics are handled by ML Decomp
o As fast as possible without AGROB
Decaf
o Built in decomp for strings
o Algebraics are handled by built in decomp
o Low size alternative to HPSauce
Since not all flavours are created equal, there will be differences in
size and speed between the libraries. Furthermore, not all
configuration flags will be meaningful in all flavours, but they are
left the same for consistency.
3.3. Sizes and Checksums
-------------------------
o Lib. Number : 908
o Version : 3.0
java30e.lib (Espresso)
o Size : 30851.5 bytes
o Checksum : # F812h
java30c.lib (Cappuccino)
o Size : 24497 bytes
o Checksum : # 7506h
java30m.lib (Mocha)
o Size : 20877.5 bytes
o Checksum : # 615Ch
java30d.lib (Decaf)
o Size : 11807.5 bytes
o Checksum : # A7C3h
Java has been tested on SX ROMs E, J, and GX ROMs M, P, R. Backup
your memory if in doubt.
3.4. Changes
-------------
New in Version 3.0 (from 2.9a):
o Added ML Decomp to greatly improve stack speed! (Will Laughlin)
o On-stack algebraics now based on EQStk 9.2 - includes cache for
speed
o Rewritten port lock/unlock routine should fix previous problems
o Compiled four delicious flavours by popular demand
o Slightly modified orientation of lists in AGROB
o SysRPL mode no longer makes a copy of the Jazz tables unnecessarily
o Improved VAR and LIB menus to only redraw the stack when necessary
o Added page preservation code to UPDIR replacement
o Added review key replacement
o Strings and tagged objects are now scrollable
o Built in key support for MATRIX library if it exists
o STK and JAVA are smarter about when Java is running
o Redid documentation in SGML, allowing text, HTML, and PostScript
formats
o Source code now maintained under the Concurrent Version System
(CVS)
4. Installing/Deleting Java
============================
4.1. Installing the Library
----------------------------
o Send the library to the HP 48
o Put a copy of the library on the stack.
o You may now PURGE the variable containing the library.
o Enter the port number you wish to store the lib (0/1 on GX, 0/1/2
on SX)
o Press STO
o Warmstart with ON-C, or power-cycle
o Install a UFL library that supports FNT2
o Run STK and configure Java. Select "Java Active" or run JAVA
4.2. Deleting the Library
--------------------------
o Press the JAVA key or clear flag 64 to quit
o The library is still referenced in memory, so warmstart with ON-C
o Type :&: 908 then press ENTER ENTER
o Type DETACH PURGE
o The display should "flick" slightly - don't worry, it's normal.
o You can also purge the UFL if none of your other programs require
it
4.3. Universal Font Library
----------------------------
In order to run Java, you will need need a copy of the Univeral Font
Library (UFL) installed that supports FNT2. Java does not require
FNT1 because it contains its own customized variable width smallfont.
Currently the only UFL libraries that support FNT2 are levels 2 and 3.
As such, you will need to install either `ufl2.lib' or `ufl3.lib'.
You must obtain the actual UFL package for these libraries as well as
usage instructions, access routines, and the font maintenance library.
These should be available at the standard HP48 FTP sites, or at
<http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~aschoorl/ufl/>
5. Commands
============
5.1. JAVA
----------
Usage: ( -> )
Toggles the 5 level stack. Note that Java does not work in a GX
covered port. Putting it there will result in an error on execution.
Although previous versions worked in covered ports, it was not
recommended as it slowed down the HP48's display updates. This is
because the HP48 will copy everything from "covered" memory to
"temporary" memory as it cannot execute it otherwise. This resulted
in a large performance loss.
5.2. STK
---------
Usage: ( -> )
STK allows you to configure your user flags 57-64 for use with Java:
o 57 : Force small font for algebraics, units, and arrays
o 58 : Use built in presets for ED/TED editors (Jazz or TED)
o 59 : Use EDIT (either StringWriter or user-defined 'EDIT')
o 60 : Try to use SSTK type display if Jazz exists
o 61 : When set, turns off on-stack equation view
o 62 : Turn oval menus OFF when CST menu shows
o 63 : Oval menus on
o 64 : Java running
Keys while in STK are:
o Up and Down Arrow keys to scroll up and down
o +/- toggles the flag highlighted by the scroll bar
o ENTER exits and saves changes
o ON exits without saving changes
Note there is no OFF key capability or 10 minute timeout while in STK.
In order to use an alternate editor, you first need to install the
editor itself. Otherwise you will only be able to use the HP's built
in editor.
If you select both editors, ED will be used. To use the built-in
editor just make sure neither ED or EDIT are selected. Selecting an
editor will automatically alter your EDIT and DownArrow keys (and
VISIT on SX) even out of user mode, unless you are in user mode and
have your own assignment. It also changes the interactive stack
editor.
To use StringWriter or an alternate editor, simply select EDIT in STK.
Since StringWriter has an xlib called EDIT, this is all you have to
do. There is no need to run StringWriter's SWINIT. Otherwise, just
store a reference to your editor in 'EDIT'.
For example, to use HP-Writer:
HOME << HPW >> 'EDIT' STO
The EDIT variable can be anything suitable for a standard User RPL
EVAL. The program should take a string on level 1 as its argument.
5.3. AGROB
-----------
Usage: ( ob maxsize -> grob )
AGROB is the user interface to the algebraic to grob conversion
utility. It takes an object from stack, along with the desired
maximum font size, and converts the object into a grob. If the object
is an algebraic expression or of some other suitable type, equation
writer form output is produced.
The size argument should be a real number in the range 1 to 3, where 3
specifies the maximum possible starting font size.
AGROB with generate an error and leave the arguments on the stack if
there is insufficient memory to create the grob.
5.4. FHOOK
-----------
Usage: ( -> )
FHOOK is a hidden command that does not appear in the Java menu, but
can still be typed in or put in programs. It forces another check for
Jazz Hook (used in SysRPL mode). This is only useful for GX users who
use the JAZZ command to "uncover" their ports. After you JAZZ your
port, just run FHOOK to update Java's local variables.
Note that STK also checks for Jazz Hook on exit, so if you always use
STK to enable SysRPL mode, you do not need to use FHOOK.
5.5. CLRCACHE
--------------
Usage: ( -> )
CLRCACHE is another hidden command that does not appear in the Java
menu. If Java is running, CLRCACHE clears the contents of the current
AGROB cache. This is useful if you are changing the algebraic size
flag manually or from within a program instead of using STK. If you
always use STK to change Java's settings, you do not need to use
CLRCACHE.
CLRCACHE is only available in the Java flavours that support AGROB.
6. Java's Features
===================
6.1. Speed Enhancements
------------------------
6.1.1. ML Decomp
-----------------
The ML Decomp is a machine language routine by Will Laughlin that
converts an object into a string - in other words, it "decompiles" the
object. We call it the ML Decomp for short.
The reason Java needs such a routine is so it can display objects on
the stack. When you push an object on the stack (say just the number
1) how does it get displayed? Every object on the stack is first
converted to a string and then it is displayed. The binary
representation of each object is totally independent of how it appears
on the stack. Of course, things get a bit more complicated than this
with the introduction of AGROB, which creates grobs instead of
strings.
There are built in routines to convert objects to strings, but they
are written in System RPL and are quite slow. The ML Decomp is
written entirely in machine language so that it is fast. However, to
accomplish this takes quite a lot of code, so the routine is fairly
large. For this reason some flavours of Java contain the ML Decomp
(Espresso, Mocha) and others don't (Cappuccino, Decaf).
6.1.2. Graphic Cache
---------------------
Java also includes a 10 entry cache based on EQStk to speed up display
of objects displayed with AGROB. This takes advantage of the fact
that for the most part, objects on the stack don't change very much.
For example, suppose you have two large equations on the stack. The
first on level 1 and the other on level 2. If you SWAP them, the
objects themselves haven't changed - only the order on the stack has
changed. A similar argument holds for duplicating or dropping
objects.
Once an object on the stack has been converted into a grob for
display, it is added to the cache. The next time it needs to be
displayed, the grob can be obtained immediately from the cache,
avoiding the overhead of running AGROB on it again. All flavours of
Java that support AGROB (Espresso, Cappuccino) also include the cache.
The cache is automatically cleared by Java when a system flag that can
affect display of algebraics is changed. This includes change of
decimal mode (SCI/FIX/ENG) or angle mode. Java also keeps track of
the CRC of every object in the cache.
6.2. Improved Status Area
--------------------------
Most people don't like seeing the user flags 1 to 5, so the status
area has some new soft annunciators, as follows:
Miscellaneous
<bell>
Error beep on
FIX/SCI/ENG
Indicates decimal mode setting, blank for STD
NORM
Indicates user mode is OFF (normal keys)
Ports
I ROM or write protected RAM card in port one
I (With box around)
RAM card in port one
I (With inverted box)
Merged RAM card in port one
The same goes for port 2, except it will look like a "II". Obviously,
if there is no card in a port, you will not see anything.
The directory path starts with a triangle like in SOL. The rest of
the directory path is separated with the '/' character. Ellipses
(...) separate the path if it is very long. If selected, the ticking
clock is shown as normal in the upper right area of the status area.
6.3. Scrolling of Level One Object
-----------------------------------
Java has the ability to "scroll" large objects on level one that
normally would go off the side or top of the screen. This support
uses AGROB to convert the object to a graphic and then uses a special
on-stack viewer. Currently we support the following object types:
o Equations (Symbolics), Arrays (Matrices, Vectors), Units
o Lists, Grobs, Libraries, Strings
For other object types the key won't do anything. The scroller is
accessed via the right shift picture key RS-Picture. On a S/SX this
is RS-Graph (also known as key 34.3).
Just put one of the above objects on level one of the stack, and press
the scroller key. Keys while in the scroller are:
o Arrow keys to scroll left/right/up/down
o A - F adjusts scroll speed (default speed is B)
o ON exits and returns to the normal stack
Note that list support in the scroller can be useful even if the list
does not exceed the screen size. This is because the list is
formatted by AGROB, making it a more appropriate for viewing output of
utilities like QPI. The scroller is also handy for viewing graphics
objects.
Even though AGROB is much faster than the Equation-Writer display,
there can be a slight delay before the scroller is activated on very
large objects. For this reason the scroll routine turns on both the
left and right shift annunciators to indicate when it is active and
ready for scrolling.
The scroller will generate an error if there is insufficient memory to
make the grob.
6.4. Dynamic Port Lock/Unlock Feature
--------------------------------------
Note: This routine has been rewritten for Java 3.0
Provided you are in the stack environment, you can change the
read/write switch on a free RAM card without turning your HP off!
This is especially useful for people with large RAM cards (like 1MB)
for eliminating long warmstarts. Of course, this doesn't apply to
merged cards.
This feature should work for all cards 128K or larger. It will not
work for 32K cards because the HP treats all cards as 128K by default
(which is also why cards greater than 128K have to be bank switched).
Note that the port annunciators in the status area won't be updated
until you press a key, such as ON. If you have sound turned on you
will hear a slight "chirp" when the status area is updated.
A word of warning that applies to all stack programs: Do not try to
free a merged card from which Java is currently running! The sudden
change in address can cause unexpected results, including memory
clear. If you wish to free a merged card, be sure to quit Java first.
After the card is free you can start Java again.
6.5. Running of AUTOEXEC
-------------------------
Java will run a program called 'AUTOEXEC' if it exists in the user's
HOME directory when it starts up, including warmstarts. This program
can contain anything valid for a standard User RPL EVAL. If it does
not exist, nothing will be run.
When building your program, remember that there is nothing on the
stack. If AUTOEXEC generates an error, Java will not start properly
and you will be left with the built in stack. In this case you will
have to fix your AUTOEXEC and warmstart before you can run Java again.
Going into user mode and the VAR menu on startup is the default. If
this is a problem for you, you can use the AUTOEXEC feature to
override this at startup. For example, if you want the CST menu to
come up on warmstarts, you can do:
HOME << 1 MENU >> 'AUTOEXEC' STO
6.6. UPDIR Replacement
-----------------------
The UPDIR key has been altered to give it page preservation abilities.
This is similar to the UPD package by Joe Horn, or the UP command by
Mika Heiskanen, but has been customized for Java.
Suppose you are in the VAR menu and press NXT several times, then
enter a directory. If you press UPDIR in the built-in stack you will
end up at page one and will have to press NXT several times to get
back to the same page you entered the directory in the first place.
With Java, if you press UPDIR you will return to the menu page you
just came from.
6.7. Interactive Stack Menu Keys
---------------------------------
Two new functions have been added to the IStack menu keys. You can
find them on the second page of the menu:
->PRG
Nice little feature that puts a program together from the
components on the stack. Using this, you can recreate programs
that were exploded onto the stack with OB->.
REV
As its name implies, it will reverse the order of the stack
objects between the cursor and level 1.
6.8. SysRPL Mode with Jazz
---------------------------
Note: This feature is intended for HP48 Hackers who use the Jazz
library!
For SysRPL mode to work properly, you need to use Jazz 5.9 or higher.
However, use of Jazz 6.4 or higher is recommended because of its
support for the Universal Font Library (UFL), saving you some memory.
At the time of this writing, Jazz 6.5 is the latest version.
Once you install Jazz, you will be able to display System RPL objects
on the stack just as SSTK does without leaving Java or running
multiple stacks on top of each other. Furthermore, your editor keys
and review key will be enhanced.
6.8.1. Setup
-------------
First, install Jazz 5.9 or higher. See the documentation that comes
with Jazz on how to do this. Be sure to also install the tables
library (993) or you will just get addresses instead of names. The
latest version of Jazz is available from
<http://www.hut.fi/~mheiskan/>
"Light" versions of Jazz that contain the assembler, disassembler, a
few other commands, and support for Java are available from
<http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~aschoorl/>
Next, install Java normally as described above.
Java checks for the existence of Jazz on startup, so if you install
Jazz after you install Java, use the FHOOK command to force another
check, or just warmstart your HP with ON-C. Users with covered ports
can use FHOOK after they JAZZ their port.
Once you have done this, you can enable or disable the SSTK type
display at any time by using STK, or in your own programs by setting
or clearing flag 60 respectively. If Jazz does not exist, or if you
are using an old version, the SSTK type display will not be used.
6.8.2. Using the SSTK Type Display
-----------------------------------
Using the SSTK display does not in any way affect the on-stack
algebraics, so you can have your algebraics and matrices symbolically
at the same time as your programs are handled with Jazz. If you wish
to have all objects on the stack to be handled with Jazz, just use STK
to disable equation view (flag 61).
Note that if Jazz exists, Java will bind a few local variables to
routines in Jazz. This means you probably will not be able to purge
Jazz while Java is running.
If you compile your own light version of Jazz and you don't want all
of SSTK just to use this feature, all you need is:
o stk.s : StkDis1, JavaDis1
o jazz.s : JazzHook
6.8.3. Editor Changes in SysRPL Mode
-------------------------------------
If you are in SysRPL mode (flag 60 set) the down arrow and interactive
stack editors will call DIS and ASS (also in Jazz) automatically when
starting and exiting your chosen editor. The exceptions are for
strings (which don't need to be disassembled) or if DIS and ASS do not
exist. If you wish to edit without disassembling, just use the EDIT
key instead of down arrow, or temporarily exit SysRPL mode.
Also, if there is a string on level 2 and a real number on level 1 and
you are using ED, you can just press down arrow to use ED's offset
feature to jump into the string. This is most typically used with the
Jazz assembler to jump directly to an error location.
6.9. External Libraries
------------------------
The most obvious external library supported by Java is the Universal
Font Library (UFL), which Java requires for accessing FNT2.
The libraries directly supported for editing are Jazz, TED, and
StringWriter. Other editors can be specified using the 'EDIT'
variable. Jazz is also used in SysRPL mode.
Finally, the MATRIX library will be called for all matrix
viewing/editing if it exists. Just install it and as long as Java is
running all the necessary keys will automatically run it instead of
the built-in MatrixWriter.
6.10. Accessing String to Grob Routines
----------------------------------------
You can access Java's string to grob routines (both smallfont and
FNT2) by passing your string and the appropriate size to the AGROB
xlib above. For example:
o "Testing smallfont" 1 AGROB
o "Testing UFL FNT2" 2 AGROB
Of course, since the UFL's fonts are configurable, the resulting
graphic objects created by AGROB can also change.
7. On-Stack Algebraics
=======================
By default, algebraics will be converted to grobs and display on the
stack in a similar form as equation writer, except much faster! They
can be disabled in the STK screen if you like the standard form.
This is based on EQStk 9.2 but has a few differences:
o Slightly different grobs for AND, XOR, OR, EXP, summation
o Modified brackets and orientation for arrays and lists
o Disabled lists, grobs, lams, ids, and user functions on-stack since
they were not suitable for a general use stack like Java. However
with the exception of user functions, these types are still
available in all flavours of Java via both the scroller and the
AGROB xlib. User functions are only available in the Cappuccino
flavour of Java.
o Support for vectors and cylindrical and spherical coordinates
o In low memory, objects will be passed to the string decomp instead
of AGROB
o Smaller array size cap (20)
Java's AGROB uses the string decomp routine to decompile objects, with
the following exceptions:
7.1. Tagged Objects
--------------------
The tag is ignored, and thus the test defaults to testing for the
following lists of exceptions.
7.2. Grobs
-----------
Grobs already are in the required form, so nothing is done.
7.3. Global name
-----------------
Global names are displayed with the '' delimiters. Note that 'Phi.2'
is considered an ID and is displayed as in the normal stack. The
following subscripts and special grobs only to apply to algebraics,
such as 'Phi.2/3'.
Subscripts in algebraics can be generated as follows:
o By having an embedded dot character in the identifier. The first
part of the name forms the actual displayed name. The second part
of the name forms the subscript which is displayed in a smaller
font. The second part can also have further dots to generate a
subscript for the subscript itself.
o By having trailing decimal digits in the name. The digits will
form the subscript in a smaller font.
In the following examples the decreasing font size is left for the
imagination of the reader:
X.Y.Z ==> X X1 ==> X
Y 1
Z
Due to the restricted internal font, and for easy access to some
symbols the following names create special grobs:
o Psi, Phi, phi, Gamma, GAMMA, Planck, Nabla, Blank, Cont
The user should try typing above names when Java is active to see what
the results are. Planck's constant is actually Dirac's constant (H-
Bar) but is left the same for EQStk compatibility.
7.4. Local variable names
--------------------------
Local variable names are displayed without the '' delimiters.
7.5. Units
-----------
Units are shown as in the built-in Equation Writer. For example:
m
1_m/s ==> 1_--
s
7.6. Arrays
------------
Arrays having more than two dimensions are shown using the current
string decomp. For one or two dimensions the objects in the array are
decompiled using the general rules for AGROB, the results are then
arranged in a grid and are surrounded with brackets. One dimensional
arrays are shown as column vectors.
Arrays containing more than 20 objects will not be passed to the AGROB
in the stack, but you can still use the scroller or AGROB xlib.
7.7. Lists
-----------
Note: Java's list support only applies in the scroller or direct AGROB
calls.
An empty list is converted using the current string decomp.
A list of lists all of equal length is considered a two dimensional
array, and execution is similar as for arrays with the exception of
using surrounding parenthesis instead of brackets.
Otherwise the list is generated as a column vector with surrounding
parentheses.
7.8. Algebraics
----------------
All objects inside the algebraic are displayed using the regular
rules. The functions in the algebraic then cause the grobs to be
merged as is proper for the function. By default all functions simply
display the name of the function followed by the arguments in
parenthesis, with the following exceptions:
+ Arguments displayed with + in the middle
- Arguments displayed with - in the middle
NEG Argument displayed with - in the front
* Arguments displayed with a dot in the middle
/ Arguments displayed on top of each other w/ a line in between
^ Second argument displayed as exponent
INV Argument displayed with "-1" exponent
SQ Argument displayed with "2" exponent
EXP Argument displayed as exponent for "e"
ALOG Argument displayed as exponent for "10"
CONJ Argument displayed with "*" exponent
ABS Argument displayed with surrounding ||
SQRT Argument displayed with surrounding square root
XROOT Arguments displayed as written on paper
! Argument displayed with following "!"
MOD Arguments displayed with " mod " in the middle
NOT Argument displayed with a special NOT symbol in front
AND Arguments displayed with a special AND symbol in the middle
OR Arguments displayed with a special OR symbol in the middle
XOR Arguments displayed with a special XOR symbol in the middle
= Arguments displayed with "=" in the middle
== Arguments displayed with "==" in the middle
<> Arguments displayed with "<>" in the middle
< Arguments displayed with "<" in the middle
> Arguments displayed with ">" in the middle
<= Arguments displayed with "<=" in the middle
>= Arguments displayed with ">=" in the middle
The following cases are a bit more complex:
Derivative
A series of derivatives with respect to X is causes the argument
to be shown with the proper number of ticks (') as the
'exponent'.
A series of derivatives with respect to mixed variables is shown
as taking partial derivatives of the argument.
Examples: (d denotes the derivative function)
'' '
'dX(dX(Y))+a*dX(Y)+b=0' ==> Y +aY +b=0
d
'dY(dX(F(X,Y)))=0' ==> ----(F(X,Y))=0
dYdX
Integral
Integral function is displayed as written on paper. As a
special feature '?' as an integration limit is not displayed.
Examples: (S denotes the integral function, 00 infinity)
'S(0,00,EXP(-SQ(X)/2),X))=SQRT(PI/2)'
00
/ 2
| -x
| -- ---
| 2 |PI
==> |e dX = |--
/ \|2
0
'S(?,?,S(?,?,S(?,?,1/(X^2+Y^2+Z^2),X),Y),Z)'
///
||| 1
==> |||--------dXdYdZ
||| 2 2 2
|||X +Y +Z
///
Summation
Summation function is displayed as written on paper.
Example: (Z denotes the summation function)
'Z(I=1,n,SQ(I))=1/3*n^3+1/2*n^2+1/6*n)'
n
-- 2 1 3 1 2 1
> (I ) = -n + -n + -n
-- 3 2 6
I=1
| function
| is displayed as in the built-in Equation Writer.
7.9. User Functions
--------------------
Note: User functions are only available in the Cappuccino flavour of
Java.
The user can create their own functions for example by typing 'F(X,Y)'
directly or executing { X Y } 'F' APPLY. The AGROB parser utilizes
this feature for executing various functions on the arguments as
follows:
'Mul(expr1,expr2)' ==> Multiplication with no mult. mark
'Der(expr,n)' ==> nth derivative of expr (tick form)
'DER(expr,n)' ==> nth derivative of expr (d/dx form)
'der(expr,n1,n2..)' ==> nth partial derivatives of expr
'Grad(expr)' ==> Gradient
'Div(expr)' ==> Divergence
'Curl(expr)' ==> Curl
'Lap(expr)' ==> Laplacian
'LapT(expr)' ==> Laplace transform
'FouT(expr)' ==> Fourier transform
'ILapT(expr)' ==> Inverse Laplace transform
'IFouT(expr)' ==> Inverse Fourier transfrom
'Cross(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr1 x expr2
'If(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr2 ,expr1
'So(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr1 ==> expr2
'Equ(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr1 <==> expr2
'PM(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr1 plus/minus expr2
'MP(expr1,expr2)' ==> expr1 minus/plus expr2
'pm(expr)' ==> plus/minus expr
'mp(expr)' ==> minus/plus expr
The following are more about formatting than actually providing some
mathematical functions:
'Par(expr)' ==> Parenthesis are drawn around the argument
'Vector(expr)' ==> An arrow is drawn above the argument
'Top(expr1..exprN)' ==> The arguments are shown on top of each
other, aligned to left border.
'Lt(expr1..exprN)' ==> The argument is given a left brace "{"
For multiple arguments Top is called 1st
'Rt(expr1..exprN)' ==> The argument is given a right brace "}"
For multiple arguments Top is called 1st
'fm(expr)' ==> Decrement font size for expr
'fp(expr)' ==> Increment font size for expt
The user should note that all of above are just pseudo-functions, the
only thing they do is to arrange the arguments in a convenient way.
Thus for example true functions do not 'see' the pseudo-functions to
have any special priorities, and thus parenthesis may not be shown
when needed. The Par pseudo-function is provided for use in such
cases.
To support the common notation for special functions the following
patterns at the end of the function name are recognized:
'.n' ==> First argument is shown as subindex.
Remaining arguments, if any, are shown in parenthesis.
'.nm' ==> First argument is shown as subindex, second as topindex.
Remaining arguments, if any, are shown in parenthesis.
Examples:
'J.n(n,x)' ==> J (x) (Bessel function)
n
m
'P.nm(n-1,m,x)' ==> P (x) (Associated Legendre function)
n-1
8. Trying the Samples Directory
================================
In the Java distribution you should find a file called `samples.dir'.
This is just a regular directory which you can download to your HP48.
It demonstrates what AGROB and the scroller are capable of.
o Size : 2688 bytes
o Checksum : # 54E3h
Simply transfer it to your HP, store it in a variable, and enter the
directory. Make sure Java is running and that on-stack algebraics
aren't disabled in STK. Then just press any variable name in the menu
in order to see the object in it.
If you notice an equation extends either off the right or top of the
display, you can enter the scroller with RS-Picture (RS-Graph on S/SX)
and use the arrow keys to move around. Similarly, to view lists of
numbers in a more intuitive format, you can also use the scroller.
9. Using Java's Code
=====================
Remember that the Java library and its source can only be used for
non- commercial purposes. This includes restrictions on using Java's
code in shareware packages. See the copyright at the beginning of
this document.
9.1. Notes on Hacking
----------------------
If you use parts of Java in your own library then:
o Appropriate credit should be given in the documentation!
o Please drop us a note on how you like it!
If you use a library splitter, note the size of the resulting
directory! There is no intentional library protection. Just remember
that:
o Source is available on request
o Use SAD by Mika
If you plan on using AGROB or the ML Decomp routines, you should
consult the respective authors in case they have different
distribution restrictions.
9.2. Source Code Availability
------------------------------
Java requires GNU-Tools 2.1.9 or higher for proper compilation. But
the source code is over 534 K uncompressed, so it is not included
here. However, if you wish to have the source just mail one of the
authors and you will be sent a zipped archive of the source attached
with either Base64 or uuencode.
10. Frequently Asked Questions
===============================
I try to run JAVA, but I just get the error: UFL not Found
You need to install the Universal Font Library (UFL). See
<http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~aschoorl/ufl/> to download the library
and installation instructions.
Why aren't symbolic lists displayed like in EQStk?
Java is meant to be a general purpose stack, whereas EQStk is
designed for math users. As such it is generally not
appropriate to always display lists with AGROB. You can use the
scroller to display lists and other objects with AGROB. The
Cappuccino flavour of Java 3.0 will display objects like EQStk
does, and is intended for math users.
Why doesn't Java run a program like AUTOEXEC at power on?
Java runs 'AUTOEXEC' on warm starts only. If you want to run
something at every power on, it is trivial to assign a small
program to your OFF key that first runs OFF and then the program
you want to run. For example, if you want to go to the VAR menu
every power on, you could do << OFF 1 MENU >> 91.3 ASN
Why isn't there a Java without the status area?
As mentionned earlier, Java is intended to be a general purpose
stack. For most users, the status area is more useful than
another two lines of stack display. Since the status area is
not updated in the interactive stack, it is a full seven lines.
Why doesn't Java show the available memory like HPSauce?
The reason Java does not show memory in the status area is
because in order to provide an accurate reading for available
memory, a garbage collection must be forced. This is inherently
slow. Java is meant to improve stack performance, so we were
unwilling to include a garbage collection every status update.
The HPSauce library is still maintained separately for those who
prefer it.
Java causes my HP to make clicking noises, then crashes.
You are using an old version of Java on a Rom R machine. There
are known problems with the dynamic port lock/unlock routine
(GetKeyOb). Either use the "light" version of Java 2.9a, or
upgrade to Java 3.0.
Why doesn't Java support a full screen scroller?
The problem with this has to do with how to redraw the stack
before and after invocation of the scroller. Do you get rid of
the status area, forcing a full stack redraw? Seems slow. What
about tiny objects that don't even reach the status area? Do
you provide two versions of the scroller for such cases? Seems
bloated. If you require a full screen scroller, you can use
AGROB to convert an object to a grob, then use an external
scroller like VV to view it.
Why doesn't Java have more configuration options?
The main reason for not adding more configuration options is
because of the STK configuration program. The current
configuration flags occupy the entire screen - so to add more we
would either have to use multiple screens or make STK
scrollable. Both ways would make STK much larger. So unless
there is significant reason to do so, we have been relucant to
add additional configuration flags.
Why does Java have its own smallfont instead of using FNT1?
Java has its own smallfont because it is variable width, just
like the built-in one. FNT1, on the other hand, is a fixed
width font which is fine for most purposes but is unattractive
for use in menus. Some people may not mind this, so some day
there may be a Java that uses FNT1. However, a number of core
routines will have to be rewritten.
Java makes a copy of my Jazz tables in a covered port.
Java 2.9a had a problem in that it made a copy of the Jazz
tables if they were in a covered port even if you did not have
the SysRPL mode flag set. Java 3.0 will no longer make a copy
if you do not set the SysRPL mode flag. However, it still has
to make a copy if you use SysRPL mode because of the bank
switching inherent with covered ports.
Can I obtain the PostScript documentation for A4 paper?
The PostScript provided with Java is formatted for letter size
paper. SGML source for all the documentation is included with
Java's source code, so if you request a copy of that you can use
the sgml-tools package to make any format you like. An easier
way is just to print the HTML version.
11. Thanks
===========
( In alphabetical order )
Paquot Christophe
For some optimizations to the display routines.
Hervi Couplet
For the original GetKeyOb replacement.
C.N. Fiechter
For the original AGROB (from AVW48).
Rick Grevelle
For help with bitmap shifting.
Mika Heiskanen
For Jazz in HP mnemonics, for EQStk and for use of some of its
documentation.
Detlef Mueller
For rewriting the GetKeyOb replacement and for SysRPL mode
improvements.
Joe Horn
For suggestions about CST menus and ovals (flag 62).
Dan Kirkland
For immortalizing the words: "Mine WILL be better!"
Mozgy
For telling me I *have* to add a 5 level IStack!
Jack Levy
For testing and ideas on the status area and scroller.
As well as Jeff Sketchley, Keith Farmer, Othniel Rawlins, Alfred
Arduengo, and others for beta testing.
Everybody else on IRC channel #hp48 for comments etc... And all those
on <news:comp.sys.hp48> who gave suggestions and posted bugs!
12. E-Mail Addresses
=====================
We can be reached via electronic mail at the following addresses:
Andre Schoorl
<aschoorl@engr.uvic.ca>
Richard Steventon
<rsteven@engmlab.uct.ac.za>
Will Laughlin
<laughw@rpi.edu>
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