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#TUPGRADING YOUR MEMORY
~W~IA computer program is a set of instructions that your PC performs.
And as time goes on,so does these PC programs,but they keep getting
bigger and bigger all the time.At one time 640Kilobytes of memory was
considered to be gigantic.But in today,s fast pacing world,640K is not
strong enough for some programs.Windows and OS/2,for example,will run
with 640K memory but they will perform much faster with more memory.
If you use Windows often,then you should add more memory for better
performance.As Windows and other programs become more complex and use
more and more Multimedia Video,don,t be shocked if 8Megabytes become the
standard.
You can add three types of memory to your PC: Conventional,Extended,and
Expanded memory.
Conventional Memory = is any memory in the first megabyte of a computer,s
memory.
Extended Memory = follows the first megabyte and normally extends to
about 16 megabytes.
Expanded Memory = is off-line memory accessed by the CPU in chunks that
are switched in and out of the CPU,s view.
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~Z~IYou should consider adding only Conventional or Extended memory be-
cause these two are DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE BY DOS,Windows,and OS/2,but Expanded
memory is not.All systems sold today comes with the full 640K of con-
ventional memory.So you will most likely add only Extended Memory to your
computer.Expanded memory also requires specialized hardware to implement
the switching back and forth,(Bank Switching) techniques for the IBM PC
and the XT Computers.The need or even the desire for Expanded memory in
AT computer systems are not popular because it must be implemented in a
slow and clumsy way.Some 286 AT-Class systems,(Advanced Technology,by
IBM in Aug of 1984) uses extended memory to emulate expanded memory.Check
your PC,s documemtation to see your 286 has this capability and for more
information on an enhanced Setup program to control this capability.
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~Y~IBefore you add memory,determine what type of memory you already have
in your PC and how much room there is for more chips or SIMMs.You may have
to buy a memory expansion board to get more RAM in your PC if you have an
AT or earlier computer that uses DIP Chips,and all the sockets for them on
the motherboard are full.Actually,in a situation like this,you should really
consider purchasing a new computer rather than upgrading it.This is because
it most likely to have an outdated CPU,memory cache,video controller,and
other such components,which are just as crucial as memory to the performance
of the personal computer.SO BEFORE YOU GO AND BUY MEMORY,make sure you know
your type of memory by doing the following:
Issue the memory command at the DOS Prompt to see how much
memory you already have..................
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Which Memory follows the first Megabyte
of Memory in any Computer...............?
Extended Memory
Extended Memory,Extended
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~C~IThe memory inside your PC lies on the motherboard.In order to locate
your system,s memory,you will need to open the system unit.First turn off
the computer and be sure to unplug it from the wall outlet.
~W~IMost computer systems use SIMM chips that is mounted either upright
or slanted,like the ones pictured in the previous screen.Some of the
older computers uses memory cards or DIP Chips mounted directly onto the
motherboard.If you cannot locate your chips,or you are not sure of their
location,read your PC documentation to gather this information.You can
also contact the vendor where you purchased your computer.
~Z~IAfter the computer has been turned off and unplugged,proceed with
removing the system unit,s cover.Follow the instructions covered in the
OPENING THE SYSTEM UNIT SECTION.
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~W~INow that you,ve identified your particular type of Ram Chips,have
properly opened up the case after removing static charge,you are ready
to replace your Conventional and/or Extended Ram Chips.
~C~IBEFORE YOU START,THERE ARE CERTAIN TOOLS YOU WILL NEED:
~Y~I ▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ A COMPUTER TOOL KIT INCLUDING A CHIP PULLER AND SCREWDRIVER. ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ A SIMM CHIPS THAT MATCHES THE SPEED AND SIZE OF YOUR PC. ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ HAVE A SMALL CUP TO PLACE THOSE SMALL,EASY TO LOSE,SCREWS. ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ BE CERTAIN ABOUT REMOVING ALL STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARGES. ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ HAVE A WELL-LIT WORKPLACE,AND DON,T BE IN A HURRY. ▌▌▌
▌▌▌ ▌▌▌
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#TINSTALLING DIP MEMORY CHIPS
~Y~INow that all of the chips are in,we have to
tell the computer what we have just done so that
it can recognize them.Older systems will have
some differences as to how this is done.Check your
computer,s documentation and/or owner,s manual for
the right settings.On nearly all newer computer
systems,this is accomplished by entering the PC,s
CMOS Setup and make the changes.
~W~IWe will show some examples of how to make the
neccesary changes to the computer,s CMOS Setup,but
first,how do we remove and replace those computer
system memory that has SIMM Chips.................
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~W~I▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
▌ ▐
▌ Hopefully you have learned much about Memory and how to ▐
▌ install and/or upgrade your computer,s memory.Review this ▐
▌ several times before expecting to know much about memory. ▐
▌ ▐
▌ *** Here are the main words about memory you should know *** ▐
▌ ▐
▌ RAM ROM CONVENTION EXTENDED EXPANDED UPPER ▐
▌ ▐
▌ BIT BYTE KILOBYTE MEGABYTE SIMM DIP ▐
▌ ▐
▌ ▐
▌ Study these and other words to learn as much as you can ▐
▌ about the compyter,s memory. Pay special attension to all ▐
▌ safety precautions memtioned in this section,they will ▐
▌ save you a lot of headache in the end. ▐
▌ ▐
▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▐
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