ࡱ; \]  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[^`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FprCompObjbWordDocument60ObjectPoolprpr  FMicrosoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.6;  Oh+'0$ H l   D h(C:\MSOFFICE\WINWORD\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOTQuenya font testDrafting PC #1Drafting PC #1@Kܥe- e.60&&''''"' ) ) ) ) )P\)) )\/F*d*+++++++----%-v.>//T/@\/'+Xn%++++\/+''+*++++'+'+-'6(''''+-++1Rx#6 zR5# ( te[ngw]ar [kw]enya ) Tengwar Quenya MS-Windows-Truetype / ATM (Postscript Type-1) Font version 1.6 - January 1995 SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h This font cannot be sold for a profit. (Although if you would like to send me some money, it will be gladly accepted.) CD-ROM and Shareware distributors are requested to notify the author in writing before distributing this font. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h This font is not Shareware or Freeware, it's Postcard-ware. If you like this font, please send me a letter or postcard (at the address below) and tell me how you're using it. Feel free to offer any suggestions for improving the font and the accompanying documentation. This font may be used in any publication. (Please notify me if this font does appear in a publication. I'd like to get a copy of it, and I may be able to create a custom version of the font for your publication.) SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Many thanks to: Jerry Caveney (caveneyj@delphi.com) for assistance developing the fonts initial keyboard lay-out. Lester Simons (harper@silmaril.demon.co.uk) for developing a MS-Word macro: "Tengwar Typewriter". Arden Smith (arden@uclink2.berkeley.edu) for verifying the Tolkien Language information in this document. 25#hjU 81~Vr5$ 8t3G (danyul stven smi[th] ) Daniel Steven Smith 56 Sycamore Drive Leominster, MA 01453-4977 USA ( Internet: dsmith@mc.com ) Index: Page: Subject: 1. Title Sheet, Font Distribution information and Index. 2. Introduction to Tengwar and the "Tengwar Quenya" font. 3. Tengwar chart for Quenya. 4. Writing Quenya with Tengwar. 6. Tengwar chart for Sindarin (Standard Mode). 7. Tengwar chart for Sindarin (Mode of Beleriand). 8. Writing Sindarin with Tengwar. 9. Tengwar chart for English. 10. Writing English with Tengwar. 11. "Tengwar Quenya" font keyboard-mapping. 12. Explanation of Key Mapping. 13. Writing with the "Tengwar Quenya" font. 15. The Lord of the Rings Title Page and Ring of Power Inscriptions 16. The West Gate of Moria Inscription 17. The Silmarillion Title Page Inscription 18. The Book of Unfinished Tales Title Page Inscription 19. The Book of Lost Tales (Part 1) Title Page Inscription 20. The Book of Lost Tales (Part 2) Title Page Inscription 21. Additional Tolkien Language Resources An Introduction to Tengwar: Decades ago, when J. R. R. Tolkien wrote his fantasy book series: "The Hobbit" and the "Lord of the Rings", he described a race of Elves possessing a rich history, language and culture. Not all Elves spoke the same language. The most important languages were: "Quenya" (the language of the High-Elves) and "Sindarin" (the language of the Grey-Elves). Early in their history they devised an alphabet for writing their language. This alphabet was designed to be an orderly phonetic writing system for use with pen or brush. Consonant sounds were represented by letters called: "Tengwar". There are 24 primary Tengwar letters. The letters were organized into four series or "Tmar" (shown as vertical columns on the next page). Each series was used to represent sounds created by different parts of the mouth. Series I and II were almost always used for Dental and Labial sounds. Series III was generally used for either Palatal or Velar sounds and series IV for either Velar or Labiovelar sounds, depending on the phonology of the language represented. These four series were further broken down into six grades or "Tyeller" (shown as horizontal rows on the next page). Each grade was used to represent sounds created by different ways that air flows through the mouth and nose. Grade 1 and 2 was used for voiceless and voiced Plosives. Grade 3 and 4 was used for voiceless and voiced Fricatives. Grade 5 was used for Nasals. Grade 6 was used for Semi-vowel consonants. Each Tengwar letter was assigned a phonetic value determined by its position in this grid. People speaking different languages would often re-define this grid, so only a few of the letters had a fixed phonetic value. All of these letters are composed of (at least) two elements: a vertical stem or telco (representing air) and a curved bow or "Lva" (representing voice). There were also numerous additional letters that supplemented the standard Tengwar primary letters. These are shown in the Tengwar charts on the following pages. Vowel sounds are represented by symbols called: "Tehtar". The Tehtar symbols were placed above and below (and sometimes inside) the Tengwar letters. There were five standard Tehtar symbols, representing the five most commonly used vowel sounds (a, e, i, o & u). They were most frequently placed above the Tengwar letters. But both the number of vowel symbols used, and where they were placed depended on largely on the preferences of the people using this alphabet. This made Tengwar a very flexible writing system that was easily adapted by many different races to their languages. Unfortunately, Tengwar is so flexible that it's possible to have several different versions of it for each and every language. Also, over the centuries, a great deal of shorthand developed. Since Tengwar can be so easily modified, customized and mutated; most people in Middle-earth devised their own version. Refer to Appendix "E" of the "Return of the King" volume of "Lord of the Rings" for much more detail on Tengwar history, style, and variety. The "Tengwar Quenya" font is an attempt to bring this elegant alphabet to Personal Computers running Microsoft Windows (or any other computer operating system that can use MS-Windows Truetype or Adobe Type Manager compatible fonts). This font should be compatible with most applications running in these environments such as word processors, databases, and presentation graphics. I hope that this font and this document will spark interest in Tolkien's works, and promote the study of Elvish languages, orthography and calligraphy. This document is an attempt to explain basic Tengwar and Tehtar usage and is only a tool to simplify the learning of the Tengwar. It will not explain all of the complexities of Tengwar usage, nor will it explain any details of Elvish languages. It should not be viewed as official or authorized by anyone. If you discover any errors, inaccuracies, or problems with this font, or documentation; I encourage you to contact the author and offer any ideas that you might have for improving this font, or documentation. Please refer to the author's postal address at the beginning of this document. Tengwar (Letters) with consonant values for Quenya: I II III IV 1 1 1 - tinco q 2 - parma a 3 - calma z 4 - quesse (metal) (book) (lamp) (feather) t p c / k kw 2 2 5 - ando w 6 - umbar s 7 - anga x 8 - ungwe (gate) (fate) (iron) (spider's web) nd mb g gw 3 3 9 - thle or sle e 10 - formen d 11 - harma or aha c 12 - hwesta (spirit or wind) (north) (treasure or rage) (breeze) th or s f kh khw 4 4 13 - anto r 14 - ampa f 15 - anca v 16 - unque (mouth) (hook) (jaws) (a hollow) nt mp k kw 5 5 17 - nmen t 18 - malta g 19 - oldo or noldo b 20 - walme or nwalme (west) (gold) (one of the Noldor) (torment) n m w 6 6 21 - re y 22 - vala h 23 - anna n 24 - wilya or vilya (heart or inner mind) (angelic power) (gift) (air or sky) r v y* w or v 7 25 - rmen u 26 - arda j 27 - lambe m 28 - alda (east) (region) (tongue) (tree) r (trilled) rd l ld 8 29 - silme i 30 - silme nuquerna k 31 - ze, re or esse , 32 - re nuquerna (starlight) (silme reversed) (sunlight or name) (re reversed) s s z, r or ss z, r or ss 9 33 - hyarmen o 34 - hwesta sindarinwa l 35 -yanta . 36 - re (south) (sindarin hwesta) (bridge) (heat) h (not used in Quenya) y w * - Technically, anna does not have the value y when used in the Quenya mode; y is represented by anna + following-y tehta (or h). Anna is not used by itself in the published Quenya texts. Tehtar (Signs) with vowel values for Quenya: `C a as in father (frequently omitted) `C Short Carrier (Shown with the "a" Tehta) `V e as in were (See Note 1) ~B Long Carrier (Shown with the "i" Tehta) `B i as in machine (See Note 1) `N o as in for (See Note 2) Note 1) Sometimes the "e" and "i" Tehta are swapped. `M u as in brute (See Note 2) Note 2) Sometimes the "o" and "u" Tehta are swapped. Writing Quenya with Tengwar: Writing with Tengwar is relativity easy, just remember that Tengwar is a phonetic alphabet. Words are written exactly as they are spoken. Typically the Tengwar (consonant letters) are written first, then the Tehtar (vowel symbols) are written above the appropriate consonant. In Quenya, and other languages that end most words with vowels, the Tehta is placed above the previous Tengwar letter. To read Quenya/Tengwar script you would read each Tengwar letter, then the Tehtar vowel symbol above it (in an upward motion), before going on to the next Tengwar/Tehtar letter combination. For example: calma ==> ca + l + ma ==> aE + j + t# ==> aEjt# If a word starts with a vowel sound (and there is no previous consonant letter in the word) then a "Carrier" symbol can be used. Carrier symbols do not represent a sound, but rather provide a symbol for vowel marks to be placed upon. There are two different standard Carrier symbols; the "Short Carrier" and the "Long Carrier". The Short Carrier looks like the undotted letter "i". The Long Carrier looks like the undotted letter "j". The Long Carrier is used with "long" vowel sounds. If two or more vowel sounds appear consecutively in a word, the Carrier symbol should be used when there is no consonant in the appropriate location. For example: ando ==> a + ndo ==> `C + 2^ ==> `C2^ Normally, "short" vowels are represented by a single Tehtar symbol above a Tengwar or Carrier symbol. But "long" vowels can be represented several different ways; long vowels can be written as two Tehtar above a single Tengwa, two Tehtar above two Short Carrier symbols, or one Tehta above a single Long Carrier symbol (preferred); as shown below: tee ==> 1$F or 1`V`V or 1~V There are also lots of modifier symbols. The most common modifiers are as follows: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h A bar (or tilde) below a Tengwar letter lengthens or doubles the sound of the letter: 4: or a' SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h A bar (or tilde) over a Tengwar letter represents a preceding nasal sound ("n" or "m"): 4{ or ap SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h A single underdot below a Tengwar letter represents a following unstressed "e" sound: 4( or a SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Double underdots below a Tengwar letter represents a following y" sound 4 or a SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h A downward hook attached to a Tengwar letter represents a following "s" sound: 4+ or a| As you can see, it's possible to represent a word with several different combinations of Tengwar letters, Tehtar symbols, and modifiers. This can lead to much confusion when trying to read Tengwar script written by someone else. Think of the modifier symbols as shorthand, and don't expect others to readily understand them. By limiting yourself to the standard Tengwar letters, Tehtar signs and Carrier symbols; you can produce elegant calligraphic inscriptions that can be easily read by other Tengwar-literate people. Very little punctuation is used with Tengwar. Most punctuation marks seem to be used only to designate the beginning and the ending of sentences and paragraphs. There are five different punctuation marks; the dot "=", the colon "-", the dash "\", the exclamation mark "", and the question mark "". The dot is more closely the equivalent to the comma, but can also be used to separate words (like a hyphen). The colon is used to separate sentences and seems to be the equivalent to the period. The dash is used to mark the ends of paragraphs. There are no examples in the books: "The Hobbit" or the "Lord of the Rings" of Quenya written with Tengwar letters. But early in the book "The Fellowship of the Ring" Frodo uses a Quenya phrase to greet Gildor the elf: "Elen sla lmenn omentielvo." This phrase could be transcribed as: - `VjR5 8~BjE j~Mt$5: `Nt$4T`VjyY - Notice that in the word "lmenn", the under-bar/tilde which is used for the long (or double) n consonant sound. Tengwar (Letters) with consonant values for Sindarin (standard mode): I II III IV 1 1 1 - tinco q 2 - parma a 3 - calma z 4 - quesse t p k kw 2 2 5 - ando w 6 - umbar s 7 - anga x 8 - ungwe d b g gw 3 3 9 - thle e 10 - formen d 11 - harma c 12 - hwesta th f kh khw / hw 4 4 13 - anto r 14 - ampa f 15 - anca v 16 - unque dh v gh ghw / w 5 5 17 - nmen t 18 - malta g 19 - oldo or noldo b 20 - walme or nwalme n m w 6 6 21 - re y 22 - vala h 23 - anna n 24 - wilya r w y (consonantal) w 7 25 - rmen u 26 - arda j 27 - lambe m 28 - alda r (trilled) rh l lh 8 29 - silme i 30 - silme nuquerna k 31 - ze, re or esse , 32 - ze nuquerna s s z or ss z or ss 9 33 - hyarmen o 34 - hwesta sindarinwa l 35 -yanta . 36 - re h hw y w Tehtar (Signs) with vowel values for Sindarin (standard mode): `C a as in father `C Short Carrier (Shown with the "a" Tehta) `V e as in were (See Note 1) ~B Long Carrier (Shown with the "i" Tehta) `B i as in machine (See Note 1) `N o as in for (See Note 2) Note 1) Sometimes the "e" and "i" Tehta are swapped. `M u as in brute (See Note 2) Note 2) Sometimes the "o" and "u" Tehta are swapped. ` y as in French lune. Tengwar (Letters) with consonant and vowel values for Sindarin (mode of Beleriand): I II III IV 1 1 1 - tinco q 2 - parma a 3 - calma z 4 - quesse t p k kw 2 2 5 - ando w 6 - umbar s 7 - anga x 8 - ungwe d b g gw 3 3 9 - thle e 10 - formen d 11 - harma c 12 - hwesta th f kh khw / hw 4 4 13 - anto r 14 - ampa f 15 - anca v 16 - unque dh v gh ghw / w 5 5 17 - nmen t 18 - malta g 19 - oldo or noldo b 20 - -walme or nwalme nn mm w 6 6 21 - re y 22 - vala h 23 - anna n 24 - wilya n m o w 7 25 - rmen u 26 - arda j 27 - lambe m 28 - alda r rh l lh 8 29 - silme i 30 - silme nuquerna k 31 - ze, re or esse , 32 - ze nuquerna s s z or ss z or ss 9 33 - hyarmen o 34 - hwesta sindarinwa l 35 -yanta . 36 - re h hw e u ` (short carrier) ~ (long carrier) ] (?) i i a Tehtar (Signs) used with vowels in Sindarin (mode of Beleriand): Tengwar letters are used to represent the five most common vowels sounds, but some tehtar symbols are used along with these letters to represent complex vowel sounds, or diphthongs. The single over-dot seems to be used only with the i tengwar letters. Double over-dots represent an i or the semi-vowel y, for example: ] = ai l = ei h = oi . = ui The over-bar/tilde represents the semi-vowel w and can be used to represent the following sounds: ] = aw h = ow Writing Sindarin with Tengwar: Standard Mode: There are two ways to write Sindarin with the Tengwar letters, the Standard Mode and the Mode of Beleriand. At first glance the Standard Mode looks similar to the Quenya usage of Tengwar. But although the Sindarin and Quenya languages are related to each other, they often use different Tengwar letters to represent the same sounds. Also, in Sindarin and other languages that end most words with consonants, the Tehtar are placed above the next consecutive Tengwar letter. (Unlike Quenya where vowels are places above the previous Tengwar letter.) To read Sindarin/Tengwar script you would read each Tehtar vowel symbol, then the Tengwar letter below it (in a downward motion), before going on to the next Tehtar/Tengwar letter combination. For example: Written in the style of Quenya (vowel over the previous consonant): calma ==> ca + l + ma ==> aE + j + t# ==> aEjt# Written in the style of Sindarin Standard Mode (vowel over the next consonant): calma ==> c + al + m + a ==> a + jE + t + `C ==> ajEt`C Other than placement of Tehtar, and the different Tengwar phonetic value, this mode follows all of the same rules as Quenya. For example the Sindarin Inscription on the West Gate of Moria: "Ennyn Durin Aran Moria: pedo mellon a minno." "Im Narvi hain echant: Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin." Could be transcribed (using the Sindarin Standard Mode for writing): - 5$55 27U5% 7E5# t7Y`B`C - q2$`N tjRj5^ `C t5%5`N - - `Bt 57Er`B 9`C5% d$5#1 - ajRw$7t%w7Y `N 7Rs$`B5^ 1`V3G5#1 `B 3nT 95% - Mode of Beleriand: The second mode of writing is called the "Mode of Beleriand". The best known example of this mode of writing is the West Gate of Moria inscription. This mode's most unique characteristic is that it doesn't solely use Tehtar to represent vowel sounds. Instead, the Tengwar letters are used to represent both consonant and vowel sounds. From the example given in the book "The Fellowship of the Ring", it appears that the over-dot Tehta is occasionally used to emphasize the "i" Tengwar or to modify other vowel Tengwar letters to create complex vowel sounds. Also note the use of the over-bar/tilde to represent a preceding nasal sound. So, the Sindarin Inscription on the West Gate of Moria could be transcribed (using the Mode of Beleriand for writing Sindarin): - l5I6 2.7`6 ]7]6 yh7`B] ql2h yljjh6 ] y`B5h - - ~t 6]7r` 9]6 ld]1p - aljlw7`BwPh7 h l7ls`Bh6 1l3]1p `B 3`Bn 9`B6 - Tengwar (Letters) with possible consonant values for English: I II III IV 1 1 1 - t q 2 - p a 3 - ch z 4 - k t as in tie p as in pie ch as in chive k as in kite 2 2 5 - d w 6 - b s 7 - j x 8 - g d as in die b as in buy j as in jive g as in guy 3 3 9 - th e 10 - f d 11 - sh c 12 - kh th as in thigh f as in fight sh as in shy kh as in loch 4 4 13 - dh r 14 - v f 15 - zh v 16 - gh dh as in thy v as in vice zh as in beige gh as in ?? 5 5 17 - n t 18 - m g 19 - b 20 - g n as in night m as in might as in sing g as in finger 6 6 21 - r y 22 - w (alt of 36) h 23 - y n 24 - r as in ripe w as in wipe y as in yipe (not used) 7 25 - r u 26 - rh j 27 - l m 28 - lh r (trilled) l as in lie 8 29 - s (alt of 30) i 30 - s (alt of 29) k 31 - z (alt of 32) , 32 - z (alt of 31) s as in sigh s as in sigh z as in zoo z as in zoo 9 33 - h o 34 - hw l 35 - y . 36 - w (alt of 22) h as in high hw as in whale y as in yipe w as in wipe Tehtar (Signs) with vowel values for English: `C a as in father `C Short Carrier (Shown with the "a" Tehta) `V e as in were (See Note 1) ~B Long Carrier (Shown with the "i" Tehta) `B i as in machine (See Note 1) `N o as in for (See Note 2) Note 1) Sometimes the "e" and "i" Tehta are swapped. `M u as in brute (See Note 2) Note 2) Sometimes the "o" and "u" Tehta are swapped. ` y as in by Using Tengwar to write English: In Appendix E of the "Lord of the Rings" Tolkien explains that there is no official mode for using Tengwar with the English language. But on the title page of the same book Tolkien gives an example of an English phrase written with Tengwar. This is the mode that will be discussed here. It appears that Tolkien adapted the Westron Mode to create a version of Tengwar for use with English. The phonetic values assigned to each Tengwar letter and Tehtar symbol is similar to the Sindarin Standard mode. Also the rules for writing are the same for English as they are in Sindarin, with the Tehtar placed above the next consecutive Tengwar letter. To read English/Tengwar script you would read each Tehtar vowel symbol, then the Tengwar letter below it (in a downward motion), before going on to the next Tehtar/Tengwar letter combination. The primary innovation that Tolkien demonstrates is the use of additional letters to be used as shorthand for commonly used words. In the "Lord of the Rings" title page inscription the following additional letters are used: @ = "the" W = "of" W" = "of the" These commonly used words are used several times in the "Lord of the Rings" itle page inscription: W y*V1t6Ea w~ s95^ 75^jE2 7`V`MjR qjYz`B5$ - 97RO5% k% 81R e6Y3 @ 98%17Y~B W" y6Y W" 7b% 2PO @ 71R6U5 W" zb% ,E 8`V`V5 w~ @ 9w?^1T+ - \ Refer to pages 15 thru 20 for a detailed examination of this and several other Tengwar inscriptions. "Tengwar Quenya" font keyboard mapping: Most of the Tengwar letters and Tehtar symbols are available on the normal keyboard keys, and almost all of the commonly found Tengwar inscriptions can be written by using only the normal keys. Lower Case: ` ` 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 0 .0 - - = = \ \ q q w w e e r r t t y y u u i i o o p .p [ .[ ] ] a a s s d d f f g g h h j j k k l l ; .; ' .' z z x x c c v v b b n n m m , , . . / ./ Upper Case (shift): ~ ~ ! ! @ @ # .# $ .$ % .% ^ .^ & .& * * ( .( ) .) _ _ + + | .| Q Q W W E .E R .R T .T Y .Y U .U I I O .O P .P { .{ } .} A A S S D .D F .F G .G H .H J .J K K L .L : .: " ." Z Z X X C .C V .V B .B N .N M .M < < > .> ? .? For the Tengwar experts, a more complete collection of exotic Tehtar symbols and punctuation marks are also included in the font. If using Microsoft-Write or Microsoft-Word; these additional characters can be used by holding-down the [alt] key and typing-in a four-digit number. The codes are as follows: Single Under-Dot: alt/0200 . alt/0201 . alt/0202 . alt/0203 ` Double Under-Dot: alt/0204 . alt/0205 . alt/0206 . alt/0207 ` Triple Under-Dot: alt/0208 . alt/0209 . alt/0210 . alt/0211 ` Double Over-Dot: alt/0212 . alt/0213 . alt/0214 . alt/0215 ` Over-Chevron: alt/0216 . alt/0217 . alt/0218 . alt/0219 ` Over-Circumflex: alt/0220 . alt/0221 . alt/0222 . alt/0223 ` Backward Over-Curl: alt/0224 . alt/0225 . alt/0226 . alt/0227 ` Under-Curl: alt/0228 . alt/0229 . alt/0230 . alt/0231 ` Over-Twist: alt/0232 . alt/0233 . alt/0234 . alt/0235 ` Extra Hi/Low Bars: alt/0236 . alt/0237 . alt/0238 . alt/0239 . Question Mark: alt/0250 Exclamation Mark: alt/0251 Wide Tilde: alt/0252 Note: The "." Tengwar and the "`" carrier symbol used with the Tehtar, over-bars/tildes and under-bars/tildes are only for demonstration purposes. Explanation of Key Mapping: ` the Short Carrier Tengwar symbol ~ the Long Carrier Tengwar symbol 1 Tengwar number 1 (tinco) ! Tengwar number 1 (alternate symbol ?) 2 Tengwar number 5 (ando) @ Tengwar number 5 (alternate symbol ?) 3 Tengwar number 9 (thle) # A-Tehta (for wider letters) 4 Tengwar number 13 (anto) $ E-Tehta (for wider letters) 5 Tengwar number 17 (nmen) % I-Tehta (for wider letters) 6 Tengwar number 21 (re) ^ O-Tehta (for wider letters) 7 Tengwar number 25 (rmen) & U-Tehta (for wider letters) 8 Tengwar number 29 (silme) * Tengwar number 29 (alternate symbol) 9 Tengwar number 33 (hyarmen) ( Single underdot (for wider letters) 0 Extra High over-tilde for narrow letters ) Extra High over-tilde for wide letters - Colon (word or sentence separator) _ S-curl (for letters like #27/lambe) = Dot (word or sentence separator) + S-curl (for letters like #1/tinko) \ Tilde (word or sentence separator) | S-curl (for letters like #3/calma) q Tengwar number 2 (parma) Q Tengwar number 2 (alternate symbol ?) w Tengwar number 6 (umbar) W Tengwar number 6 (alternate symbol ?) e Tengwar number 10 (formen) E A-Tehta (for wide letters) r Tengwar number 14 (ampa) R E-Tehta (for wide letters) t Tengwar number 18 (malta) T I-Tehta (for wide letters) y Tengwar number 22 (vala) Y O-Tehta (for wide letters) u Tengwar number 26 (arda) U U-Tehta (for wide letters) i Tengwar number 30 (silme nuquerna) I Tengwar number 30 (silme nuquerna / alternate symbol) o Tengwar number 34 (hwesta sindarinwa) O Single underdot (for wide letters) p Over-tilde for narrow letters P Over-tilde for wide letters [ Over-bar for narrow letters { Over-bar for wide letters ] A-Tengwar (for Mode of Beleriand) } O-Tehta (for use under Tengwar number 1) a Tengwar number 3 (calma) A Tengwar number 3 (alternate symbol ?) s Tengwar number 7 (anga) S Tengwar number 7 (alternate symbol ?) d Tengwar number 11 (harma) D A-Tehta (shifted left for letters with right risers) f Tengwar number 15 (anca) F E-Tehta (shifted left for letters with right risers) g Tengwar number 19 (ngoldo) G I-Tehta (shifted left for letters with right risers) h Tengwar number 23 (anna) H O-Tehta (shifted left for letters with right risers) j Tengwar number 27 (lambe) J U-Tehta (shifted left for letters with right risers) k Tengwar number 31 (re) K Tengwar number 31 (are / alternate symbol) l Tengwar number 35 (yanta) L Single underdot (use with Tengwar number 27) ; Under-tilde for narrow letters : Under-tilde for wide letters ' Under-bar for narrow letters " Under-bar for wide letters z Tengwar number 4 (quesse) Z Tengwar number 4 (alternate) x Tengwar number 8 (ungwe) X Tengwar number 8 (alternate) c Tengwar number 12 (hwesta) C A-Tehta (for use over Carrier symbols) v Tengwar number 16 (unque) V E-Tehta (for use over Carrier symbols) b Tengwar number 20 (nwalme) B I-Tehta (for use over Carrier symbols) n Tengwar number 24 (vilya) N O-Tehta (for use over Carrier symbols) m Tengwar number 28 (alda) M U-Tehta (for use over Carrier symbols) , Tengwar number 32 (re nuquerna) < Alternate symbol for Tengwar number 12 and 34 . Tengwar number 36 (re) > A-Tehta (for use under Short Carrier symbols) / Extra Low under-tilde for narrow letters ? Extra Low under-tilde for wide letters Using the font to write in Tengwar: Using the "Tengwar Quenya" font is not difficult. Before starting, you may wish to print-out the appropriate Tengwar chart and the font keyboard mapping page of this document. The first step is to know which Tengwar letter you will need to use to spell whatever it is that you want to write. Remember that Tengwar is a phonetic alphabet, so closely examine your pronunciation. Tengwar placement: The Tengwar letters are laid-out on the keyboard in a logical fashion. The first column of the Tengwar chart corresponds to the top row of the keyboard, keys: "1" through "9". The second column of the Tengwar chart corresponds to the second row of keys: "q" through "o". The third column of the Tengwar chart corresponds to the next row of keys: "a" through "l". The fourth column of the Tengwar chart corresponds to the bottom row of keys: "z" through ".". The Short Carrier symbol is in the upper left corner of the keyboard, at the "`" key. By pressing the Shift and the Short Carrier key at the same time, you'll get a Long Carrier. Some Tengwar Letters have alternate forms. This font includes some of these. Press the Shift key to use these letters. Rows 1 and 2, from the Tengwar chart, have alternate forms with stems that extend both above and below the letter. Some alternate versions for the letters on row 8 have been included also; in order to simplify the placement of vowel symbols. Tehtar placement: The trickiest part of using this font is using the right Tehtar symbol with the right Tengwar letter. This font includes four versions of each of the five standard Tehtar symbols. The top row of vowel symbols are shifted toward the left; this version is for wider letters without upward extending stems, and wider letters with upward extending stems on the right. The second row of vowel symbols are for narrow letters without upward extending stems. In the third row the symbols are shifted toward the right; this version is for narrow letters with upward extending stems on the left. The bottom row of Tehtar symbols are exclusively for use with Carrier symbols. By trying various different versions of the Tehtar symbols, it's not difficult to find an appropriate match for any Tengwar symbol. For the Tengwar experts, a more complete collection of exotic Tehtar symbols and punctuation marks are also included in the font. If using Microsoft-Write or Microsoft-Word; these additional characters can be used by holding-down the [alt] key and typing-in a four-digit number. The codes are shown on the font keyboard mapping page of this document When using the "Tengwar Quenya" font, all of the Tehtar symbols go over the previously placed letter. This works fine with languages that use this as the convention, such as Quenya. But with some languages the convention is to put the Tehtar symbols over the next consecutively placed letter. Sindarin and English are languages that use this convention. This makes writing Sindarin and English with this font somewhat awkward. For example: To write, using this font, the sample word (calma) in the Quenya style; you would type the letters and vowels in a logical phonetic order: calma ==> c + a + l + m + a ==> a D j t E ==> aEjt# But to write the sample word in the Sindarin and English style; you would type the letters and vowels in a rather illogical phonetic order: calma ==> c + l + a + m + (carrier) + a ==> a j E t ` E ==> ajEt`C The font also includes over-bars, under-bars, over-tildes, under-tildes, extra-high over-tildes, and extra-low under-tildes for narrow and wide letters. There are underdots for both wide and narrow letters. There are three different versions of "S" curls, and three different punctuation marks. Multiple Tehtar: The second trickiest part of using this font is creating Tengwar letters with multiple Tehtar symbols both above and below. The best way to do this is to first place the widest Tehta, and then place increasingly narrow Tehtar and modifier symbols. For example: To create this Tengwar inscription 2{#O+ First enter the widest item, the Tengwa. Then comes the next widest item, the over-bar. Then place the "a" Tehta over the letter, the under-dot, and finally the "s"-curl. 2 2{ 2{# 2{#O 2{#O+ Weird things that Word Processors do: Since the Tehtar symbols technically don't have a character width, some Word Processors get confused. Often they don't initially display the Tehtar symbols. The way to get around this is to 'refresh' the screen. There are several ways to do this. You can refresh your screen by minimizing, then maximizing your application, or by flipping to another page in your document and then returning to your original page. Also, sometimes when word processors are confused about the character width of the Tehtar symbols, the location of the cursor can be distorted and appear to be where it really is not. This can cause you to insert letters into unintended places. One way to solve this is to enter all of the Tengwar letters first, then enter the Tehtar symbols - starting on the right of each line and finishing on the left of each line. Another solution is to enter the proper keystrokes using an ASCII font (such as Times or Courier), then selecting the text string and changing its font to "Tengwar Quenya". Special Note for Microsoft Word 6 Users: Included with this font is a Microsoft Word 6 Word-Basic macro for using Tengwar to write in English. Refer to your Microsoft Word 6 documentation for instructions on installing and using Word-Basic macros. This macro is based on one developed by Lester Simons. It greatly simplifies using the font. Rather than remembering the keyboard layout and all of the "alt/9999" key combinations, this macro displays a pop-up window filled with push-buttons. Each push-button represents a Tengwar letter or Tehtar symbol and is clearly labeled. (You can even assign this macro to your MS-Word 6 toolbar button-bar.) Lester Simons has also created another Microsoft Word 6 Word-Basic macro customized for use with many of the languages of Middle-earth including Quenya and Sindarin. Tengwar Examples: The next several pages are examples of Tengwar inscriptions written by J. R. R. Tolkien and his son C. J. R. Tolkien. Most of the examples are English language title page inscriptions. Included with each inscriptions are comments describing new, different, or interesting examples of Tengwar or Tehtar usage. "The Lord of the Rings" by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1954) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: W y*V1t6Ea w~ s95^ 75^jE2 7`V`MjR qjYz`B5$ - 97RO5% k% 81F e6Y3 (of) westmar(ch) by jhon ronald reuel tolkien. herein iz set for(th) of Westmarch by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. herein is set forth @ 98%17Y~B W" y6Y W" 7b% 2PO @ 71R6U5 W" zb% ,E 8`V`V5 w~ @ 9w?^1T+ - \ (the) histor (of the) wor (of the) ri(ng) (nd)e (the) return (of the) ki(ng) az seen by (the) ho(bb)i(ts). the history of the war of the ring and the return of the king as seen by the hobbits. This is probably the most famous and widely known Tengwar inscription. D = A The language, mode, and vowels are: V = E G = I Language = English H = O Mode = Westron (as a man from Gondor might write) J = U = Y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ring Inscription: \ A# 5,Ex 26Yw1EjYz^H A# 5,Ex xw{%1EjY \ a(sh) nazg durbatuluuk a(sh) nazg gi(mb)atul ash nazg durbatulk ash nazg gimbatul A# 5,Ex 37zE1EjYz^H X# w6Ykt^A%`B z7q[T1EjY a(sh) nazg (th)rakatuluuk a(gh) burzum i(sh)i kri(mp)atul ash nazg thrakatulk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul D = A The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G = I H = U Language = Mordor (Black Speech) A = SH Mode = Westron X = GH "The Lord of the Rings" by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1954) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- West Gate of Moria Inscription: - l5I6 2.7`6 ]7]6 yh7`B] - ql2h yljjh6 ] y`B5h - e(nn)yn durin aran moria pedo mellon a mi(nn)o Ennyn Durin Aran Moria pedo mellon a minno - ~t 6]7r` 9]6 ld]1p - aljlw7`BwPh7 h l7ls`Bh6 1l3]1p `B 3`Bn 9`B6 - im narvi h(ai)n e(ch)a(nt) celebri(mb)or o eregion t(ei)(th)a(nt) i (th)iw hin Im Narvi hain echant Celebrimbor O Eregion teithant i thiw hin ] = A ] = ai The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: l = E l = ei ` & ~ = I Language = Sindarin h = O Mode = Mode of Beleriand . = U "The Silmarillion" inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1977) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Upper Title Page Inscription: @ 1jEL_ W @ e6R81 s(# <5% t6Yx3H 2njT1 5$ t2"$jL `>B63 (the) ta(ls)e (of) (the) first aje (hw)en morgo(th) dwelt in mi(dd)le ear(th) The tales of the first age when Morgoth dwelt in middle earth 2P @ jTr(+ t2#( y6Y qU5$ 9t$ e6Y @ 7zTr^7T~V W" 8jRt7EjR_ - (nd) (the) el(vs)e made wor upin him for (the) rekover (of the) silmari(ls). and the elves made war upon him for the recovery of the Silmarils. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: 1} = A < = HW The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G = E F = I Language = English H & } = O Mode = Westron J = U Note: An alternate version of (HW) is used: < instead of c (#12) or o (#34). Mistakes: in the second line the word: upon is spelled: qU5$ (upin) unstead of qU5^ (upon). "Unfinished Tales" inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1980) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Upper Title Page Inscription: 5$ 4R+ w~Nz W 5&e5$d$2 1jEL8 wh s`Nl5 75^jE2 7`B`jT 1jYz`V5% in i((dh)s) bk (of) unfini(sh)d tales by john ronald reuel tolkien In this book of Unfinished Tales by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien oa y+ w7.YX1 1x^4%7T wh zl7]R1eV7T 7`B`jT 1jYz`V5% 9]R 85^ (hw)(ch) (ws)a brow(gh)t toge(th)er by khristifer reuel tolkien his son which was brought together by Christopher Reuel Tolkien his son ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: 7E 1jY2 t5#h 3b$+ W t5% 2P jTr(+ 5$ 5t5%7Y 2P 5$ t2"$jL ar told many (th)i((ng)s) (of) men (nd) el(vs)e in numenor (nd) in mi(dd)le are told many things of men and elves in Nmenor and in Middle `>B73 e7t^ @ jT27T 2hE+ 5$ wjT7T`V5#2 1`N @ y7E W" 7b$ 2P ear(th) from (the) elder da(ys) in beleriand to (the) war (of the) ri(ng) (nd) Earth from the elder days in Beleriand to the war of the ring and 5# z/E.Y51 ]R xr$5% W" 27`2lE5$ @ ]R17E`V 2P @ qjE5#17R`V - \ an a(cc)ownt is given (of the) druedayin (the) istari (nd) (the) palanriri an account is given of the Dredain the Istari and the Palantri . ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D & > = A l = H (halla) The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G & O = E X = GH F = I ] = S Language = English H & } = O Mode = Westron J & = U "The Book of Lost Tales (Part 1)" inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1983) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Upper Title Page Inscription: 4R+ ]R @ e6R81 q6E1 W" w~N~Nz W" j]Y1 1jEL8 W jTe5$]'TO oaR 7T`VjY i((dh)s) is (the) first part (of the) bk (of the) lost tales (of) elfine(ss)e (hw)i(ch) eriol This is the first part of the Book of the Lost Tales of Elfinesse which Eriol @ t7E5$6 j`>B65(2 e7t^ @ jTr(+ W 1jY 7T]'T`>B @ j5^(j`V (the) marinr learned from (the) el(vs)e (of) tol ere(ss)ea (the) loneli the Mariner learned from the elves of Tol Eressea the Lonely ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: `V8jL 5$ @ y]G165 iY`>B5 2P eD16y6E2+ y71Y 5$ @ xjY25$ isle in (the) westrn osean (nd) aftrwards wrote in (the) golden Isle in the Western Ocean and afterwards wrote in the golden w~N~Nz W 1rE7w^jT - 97TO5$ 7EO 1jY2 @ 1jEL8 W rjE5$6Y e7t^ bk (of) tavrobel herein are told (the) tales (of) valinor from book of Tavrobel. Herein are told the tales of Valinor from @ t]zR W" lE57 1`N @ z|jRL W" 5jY2jY`V 2P @ 92$b$ W rjE5$6Y (the) musik (of the) aynur to (the) (ks)ile (of the) noldoli (nd) (the) hidi(ng) (of) valinor the music of the Ainur to the exile of the Noldoli and the hiding of Valinor ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D & > = A The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G & O = E F = I ] = S Language = English H = O Mode = Westron J & = U "The Book of Lost Tales (Part 2)" inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1984) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Upper Title Page Inscription: 4R+ ]R @ 8z5^2 q6E1 W" w~N~Nz W" j]Y1 1jEL8 W jTe5$]'TO oaR 7T`VjY i((dh)s) is (the) skond part (of the) bk (of the) lost tales (of) elfine(ss)e (hw)i(ch) eriol This is the second part of the Book of the Lost Tales of Elfinesse which Eriol @ t7E5$6 j`>B65(2 e7t^ @ jTr(+ W 1jY 7T]'T`>B @ j5^(j`V (the) marinr learned from (the) el(vs)e (of) tol ere(ss)ea (the) loneli the Mariner learned from the elves of Tol Eressea the Lonely ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: `V8jL 5$ @ y]G165 iY`>B5 2P eD16y6E2+ y71Y 5$ @ xjY25$ isle in (the) westrn osean (nd) aftrwartz wrote in (the) golden Isle in the Western Ocean and afterwards wrote in the golden w~N~Nz W 1rE7w^jT - 97TO5$ 7EO 1jY2 @ 1jEL8 W w7T5% 2P 15^r`VjT b(o)(o)k (of) tavrobel herein are told (the) tales (of) beren (nd) tonuviel Book of Tavrobel. Herein are told the tales of Beren and Tinviel W 17t#w7E W" ej/E W x5^2jY5$ 2P W" 5zTjiEO W" 2y6Er(+ - (of) turambar (of the) fa(ll) (of) gondolin (nd) (of the) neklase (of the) dwar(vs)e of Turambar of the fall of Gondolin and of the necklace of the Dwarves. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D & > = A The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G & O = E F = I ] = S Language = English H = O Mode = Westron J & = U Mistakes: in the fourth line the word: Tinviel is spelled: 15^r`VjT$ (tonuviel) unstead of 15$r`VjT^ (tinuviel). Additional Tolkien Language Resources: As stated earlier, this document is not to be viewed as official in any way. The following books, listed below, are usually considered authoritative in regard to Tengwar usage. If you find any discrepancies between this document and these books, go with the information listed in these books. The writings of J.R.R. Tolkien should always be considered the "gospel" of Tengwar usage, and supersede anything else written by anyone else: Books: The Return of the King by J.R.R. Tolkien Refer to Appendix E for Tengwar and Elvish Language information The Road Goes Ever On by J.R.R. Tolkien Contains two relatively lenghy Tengwar inscriptions, one in Quenya and one in Sindarin (Mode of Beleriand). An Introduction to Elvish by Jim Allan A highly recommended reference on Tengwar and Elvish languages. Basic Quenya by Nancy Martsch Those of you with Internet access can also take advantage to many additional resources. These include USENET News Groups that you can post questions to and "lurk" for information, a lightly moderated Tolkien Language discussion list server, and three World Wide Web sites. Internet News Groups: alt.fan.tolkien rec.arts.books.tolkien Internet Discussion Group: email to: tolklang-request@dcs.ed.ac.uk World Wide Web sites: http://csclub.uwaterloo.ca/u/relipper/tolkien/rootpage.html - The J. R. R. Tolkien Information page The University of Waterloo in Canada http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/staff/jcb/TolkLang/ - The Tolkien Language Information page http://sable.ox.ac.uk/~tolksoc/ts.html - The Oxford University Tolkien Society page The University of Oxford in Great Britain page  PAGE 21  DATE \l 5/1/95 PAGE2 PAGE18 PAGE19 PAGE page 1 PAGE3 page 2 PAGE page 3 page PAGE9 page 4 page PAGE10         ࡱ; SummaryInformation(@@|J@ִ_Microsoft Word 6.021ࡱ;  $34 8    "#GYZ\]^fghirstu}~]bc]bbb]cUbccU^U^c^^cuDc]c(SF\]_`ajklmvwxyDLMOPRSUVW_`abklmnwxyz   8 ]c]bcUbccb]cc\8 Q R S T U _ ` a b u v w x !!!! !!!!!/!0!1!2!;!!F!G!v!!!""["\"""""""""""""""""""""#(#)#+#,#-#8#9#I#J#L#M#N#V#W#f#g###########$^^b]U^cc]cccb\$n&&&&&&&&&G)s)w)y){))))*+ ++++!+"+w+x++++++++++,,v,{,},~,,,,,,,--- - -)-*-v-z-|-}-----------000011118191383_333@4A4Q4R4T4U4V4_4UbcU^c]uD]cc\_4`4a4b4k4l4m4n4w4x4y4z44444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555"5#5$5%5.5/50515:5;5<5=5H5Y5Z5\5]5^5h5i5j5k5u5v5w5x5}5~555555555]c]bUbcb]cc]555555555555555555555555555666 666666 6!6"6-6A6B6C6D6E6O6P6Q6R6e6f6g6h6~66666666666666666666666666657677797:7;7C7D7K7M7^^b]U^ccc]cUbcb]bcYM7N7w7x7z7{7|7777777777777777777778687898:8;8D8E8U8V888888888888 9 99999999&9'9(9)929394959@9J9K9M9N9O9W9X9Y9Z9c9d9e9f9n9o9p9q9|99999999]bbUbcU^cc^^b]c]Z999999999999999999999999999999999::::::#:$:%:&:0:1:2:3:8:9:F:G:H:I:O:P:`:g:h:i:j:l:m:o:p:q:y:z:{:|::::::::::::::::::::::::::]bc]cUbcbc]c]:::::::::::: ; ; ;;$;%;&;';9;N;O;P;Q;R;^;_;a;b;g;x;y;z;{;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;<[=`=i=k=t=v=~=======>>>%>&>5>rAAAAAAAAA B6B7B:BJ?J@JAJSJTJUJVJ\J]J^J_JeJoJpJ}J~JJJJJJJJJJJJJ]bc]cc]cUbc^bb\JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKK#K$K%K&K9KCKDKQKRK_K`KlKmKpKqKrKsKtKzK{K}K~KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLL&L(L)LRLSLULVLWL_L`LqLsLtLLLLLL^]U^cc^bb]cc\LLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMM M0M1MgMhMjMkMlMtMuM}MMQQQQQQQQQQQQWRRcSS\T]T^T_T`TaTbTcTdTeTfTgThTiTjTkTlTmTnToTpTqTrTsTtTuTvTwTxTyTzT{T|T}T~TTTTTTTTc]c]cbc^cbccU^c^b]c]^WTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTbcc]c]c`TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTUUUUUUUUU U U U U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U!U"U$U%U;UU?U@UAUBUCUDUEUFUGUHUIULUMUNUOURUSUTUUUXUYUZU[U]U^U_U`UcUdUeUfUgUhUiUjUmUnUoU]c]cbcc`oUpUtUuUvUwUzU{U|U}UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUbcc]c]c`UUUUUUUVVVV V VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV!V"V#V$V'V(V)V*V-V.V/V0V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V:VV?VBVCVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXXX"X,X/X9XP`o(E((((((((((((((((((E(((((((((((hN &!@@@@@@@@v N &@@@@@@@v N &@@@@@@@ hhhp@hh@ hh@! ? 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(Although if you would like to send me some money, it will be gladly accepted.) CD-ROM and Shareware distributors are requested to notify the author in writing before distributing this font. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h This font is not Shareware or Freeware, it's Postcard-ware. If you like this font, please send me a letter or postcard (at the address below) and tell me how you're using it. Feel free to offer any suggestions for improving the font and the accompanying documentation. This font may be used in any publication. (Please notify me if this font does appear in a publication. I'd like to get a copy of it, and I may be able to create a custom version of the font for your publication.) SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Many thanks to: Jerry Caveney (caveneyj@delphi.com) for assistance developing the fonts initial keyboard lay-out. Lester Simons (harper@silmaril.demon.co.uk) for developing a MS-Word macro: "Tengwar Typewriter". Arden Smith (arden@uclink2.berkeley.edu) for verifying the Tolkien Language information in this document. 25#hjU 81~Vr5$ 8t3G (danyul stven smi[th] ) Daniel Steven Smith 56 Sycamore Drive Leominster, MA 01453-4977 USA ( Internet: dsmith@mc.com ) Index: Page: Subject: 1. Title Sheet, Font Distribution information and Index. 2. Introduction to Tengwar and the "Tengwar Quenya" font. 3. Tengwar chart for Quenya. 4. Writing Quenya with Tengwar. 6. Tengwar chart for Sindarin (Standard Mode). 7. Tengwar chart for Sindarin (Mode of Beleriand). 8. Writing Sindarin with Tengwar. 9. Tengwar chart for English. 10. Writing English with Tengwar. 11. "Tengwar Quenya" font keyboard-mapping. 12. Explanation of Key Mapping. 13. Writing with the "Tengwar Quenya" font. 15. The Lord of the Rings Title Page and Ring of Power Inscriptions 16. The West Gate of Moria Inscription 17. The Silmarillion Title Page Inscription 18. The Book of Unfinished Tales Title Page Inscription 19. The Book of Lost Tales (Part 1) Title Page Inscription 20. The Book of Lost Tales (Part 2) Title Page Inscription 21. Additional Tolkien Language Resources An Introduction to Tengwar: Decades ago, when J. R. R. Tolkien wrote his fantasy book series: "The Hobbit" and the "Lord of the Rings", he described a race of Elves possessing a rich history, language and culture. Not all Elves spoke the same language. The most important languages were: "Quenya" (the language of the High-Elves) and "Sindarin" (the language of the Grey-Elves). Early in their history they devised an alphabet for writing their language. This alphabet was designed to be an orderly phonetic writing system for use with pen or brush. Consonant sounds were represented by letters called: "Tengwar". There are 24 primary Tengwar letters. The letters were organized into four series or "Tmar" (shown as vertical columns on the next page). Each series was used to represent sounds created by different parts of the mouth. Series I and II were almost always used for Dental and Labial sounds. Series III was generally used for either Palatal or Velar sounds and series IV = S Language = English H = O Mode = Westron J & = U "The Book of Lost Tales (Part 2)" inscription by Christopher Tolkien (1984) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Upper Title Page Inscription: 4R+ ]R @ 8z5^2 q6E1 W" w~N~Nz W" j]Y1 1jEL8 W jTe5$]'TO oaR 7T`VjY i((dh)s) is (the) skond part (of the) bk (of the) lost tales (of) elfine(ss)e (hw)i(ch) eriol This is the second part of the Book of the Lost Tales of Elfinesse which Eriol @ t7E5$6 j`>B65(2 e7t^ @ jTr(+ W 1jY 7T]'T`>B @ j5^(j`V (the) marinr learned from (the) el(vs)e (of) tol ere(ss)ea (the) loneli the Mariner learned from the elves of Tol Eressea the Lonely ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lower Title Page Inscription: `V8jL 5$ @ y]G165 iY`>B5 2P eD16y6E2+ y71Y 5$ @ xjY25$ isle in (the) westrn osean (nd) aftrwartz wrote in (the) golden Isle in the Western Ocean and afterwards wrote in the golden w~N~Nz W 1rE7w^jT - 97TO5$ 7EO 1jY2 @ 1jEL8 W w7T5% 2P 15^r`VjT b(o)(o)k (of) tavrobel herein are told (the) tales (of) beren (nd) tonuviel Book of Tavrobel. Herein are told the tales of Beren and Tinviel W 17t#w7E W" ej/E W x5^2jY5$ 2P W" 5zTjiEO W" 2y6Er(+ - (of) turambar (of the) fa(ll) (of) gondolin (nd) (of the) neklase (of the) dwar(vs)e of Turambar of the fall of Gondolin and of the necklace of the Dwarves. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D & > = A The language, mode, vowels, and new characters are: G & O = E F = I ] = S Language = English H = O Mode = Westron J & = U Mistakes: in the fourth line the word: Tinviel is spelled: 15^r`VjT$ (tonuviel) unstead of 15$r`VjT^ (tinuviel). Additional Tolkien Language Resources: As stated earlier, this document is not to be viewed as official in any way. The following books, listed below, are usually considered authoritative in regard to Tengwar usage. If you find any discrepancies between this document and these books, go with the information listed in these books. The writings of J.R.R. Tolkien should always be considered the "gospel" of Tengwar usage, and supersede anything else written by anyone else: Books: The Return of the King by J.R.R. Tolkien Refer to Appendix E for Tengwar and Elvish Language information The Road Goes Ever On by J.R.R. Tolkien Contains two relatively lenghy Tengwar inscriptions, one in Quenya and one in Sindarin (Mode of Beleriand). An Introduction to Elvish by Jim Allan A highly recommended reference on Tengwar and Elvish languages. Basic Quenya by Nancy Martsch Those of you with Internet access can also take advantage to many additional resources. These include USENET News Groups that you can post questions to and "lurk" for information, a lightly moderated Tolkien Language discussion list server, and three World Wide Web sites. Internet News Groups: alt.fan.tolkien rec.arts.books.tolkien Internet Discussion Group: email to: tolklang-request@dcs.ed.ac.uk World Wide Web sites: http://csclub.uwaterloo.ca/u/relipper/tolkien/rootpage.html - The J. R. R. Tolkien Information page The University of Waterloo in Canada http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/staff/jcb/TolkLang/ - The Tolkien Language Information page http://sable.ox.ac.uk/~tolksoc/ts.html - The Oxford University Tolkien Society page The University of Oxford in Great Britain page  PAGE 21  DATE \l 5/1/95 PAGE2 PAGE18 PAGE19 PAGE page 1 PAGE3 page 2 PAGE page 3 page PAGE9 page 4 page PAGE10         isworking ons 145/1/95; UUUUUUUVVVV V VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV!V"V#V$V'V(V)V*V-V.V/V0V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V:VV?VBVCVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXXX"X,X/X9XP`o(E((((((((((((((((((E(((((((((((hN &!@@@@@@@@v N &@@@@@@@v N &@@@@@@@ hhhp@hh@ hh@! ? `  ) V w  > w    8 9 IJ"((((((((((((((((((((((( (hv N &.@@@@@@@@hv N &@@@@@@@,p@ P !$`'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h N &@@@@@@@@ hN &@@@@@@@hN &@@@@@@@h#$ܩݩPQzPQqrsǬȬɬ (^((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((h88hh N &@@@@@@@@ 8 @@@# %&Y®îĮŮƮǮѮҮٮڮ((((((((((( hhh(*+,-.( hh K @ Normal ]a c"A@"Default Paragraph Font$'@$Annotation Referencec @ Annotation Text @ Footer ! @" Header !)@1 Page Number/  0َD/.>LZhv!!!!! !!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!   7/05;D}JcPWds6~َD/T> (  $  g`o!wddcfdfhfjgjpGqHqqrrcrstttttuuuyyy||4~7~O~P~u~v~  +,À ‚ IJ;uЄфgh%&Ά%k·χ@Z[W~ލَڎΏ[*kl!ΓhC$%ަst&Z/(((((((((((((((((((((((((((^(((^((((({((({(((((((((((((((((^(((((^(^((((((^(((^(((^(^((((((((^((((((^(^(^((((((((((((((((((^((((((((^(^(^((((((((((((((((((((((((((^(^(^((((((((((((((('1<>@BDOW_iqy8 $_45M79:CBXIJLTToUUXˑǮǯXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklm"!n&w+_3569O;=CGKQ\TUX*^gtx ĈΒΖh nopqrstuvwxyz{|}~w((())) *)***/99999999 $',.169DIKOT_dfqv!