****************************** GRAPHICS ************************************* ASMLIB Graphics (C) Copyright 1991 - 1993 Douglas Herr All rights reserved ASMLIB recognizes and automatically supports several graphics modes, including several which are not recognized by IBM's BIOS. You should assume that all ASMLIB graphics subroutines write directly to the video hardware. IMPORTANT: ALL ASMLIB GRAPHICS SUBROUTINES ASSUME DS:@DATA. Locations on Graphics screens are defined by coordinate pairs such as (x,y). X-coordinates are the horizontal dimensions of the screen, and Y-coordinates are the vertical coordinates. X = 0 is the at the left edge of the screen, and X = 719 is the right edge of a Hercules screen, while Y = 0 is the top edge of the screen and Y = 347 is the bottom (Hercules). Thus, the coordinate specified by (719,0) is the extreme upper right corner of a Hercules screen. Graphics subroutines as powerful and flexible as ASMLIB's can be quite large. If you have licenced ASMLIB source code, you can use several pre-defined conditional assembly directives to eliminate code from ASMLIB object files if you do not want or need to support all graphics modes: NOHERC eliminates all Hercules and InColor code NOINCOLOR eliminates code for the InColor card (InColor works with Hercules monochrome code in 2 colors) NO256 eliminates code for the three 256-color modes NOCGA eliminates code for CGA graphics modes NOMCGA elimiates code for MCGA mode 11h NOLPATTERN elimiates code for non-solid lines (in DRAWLINE.ASM) for example, if you want line drawing programs to use only EGA/VGA-type 16-color modes, assemble DRAWLINE.ASM like this: C:\MASM\>masm /dnoherc /dnocga /dnovga256 /dnomcga drawline; this reduces the size of drawline.obj significantly and speeds its operation somewhat. BitBlock subroutines in ASMHUGE.LIB work with huge data blocks (larger than 64k). This permits entire EGA, VGA or InColor screens to be saved in one block if sufficient RAM is available. 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� Graphics modes and pages supported are: Mode Maximum x Maximum y Colors Pages (1) Equipment ("xmax") ("ymax") HGraph 719 347 2 0, 1 HGC, HGC+ (2) HGraph 719 347 16 0, 1 InColor (2) 04h, 05h 319 199 4 0 CGA, EGA, MCGA, VGA 06h 639 199 2 0 CGA, EGA, MCGA, VGA 0Dh 319 199 16 0 - 7 EGA, VGA (3) 0Eh 639 199 16 0 - 3 EGA, VGA (3) 0Fh 639 349 4 0 EGA, VGA (4) 10h 639 349 16 0, 1 EGA, VGA (3,5) 11h 639 479 2 0 MCGA, VGA 12h 639 479 16 0 VGA 13h 319 199 256 0 MCGA, VGA 40h 639 399 2 0 ATT 6300 6Ah 799 599 16 0 VESA (6) XMode16 up to 799 up to 599 16 0 Super EGA/VGA Super13 319 399 256 0, 1 VGA Super13a 359 479 256 0 VGA SVGA16 799 or 1023 599 or 767 16 0 Super VGA (7) SVGA256 639 to 1023 399 to 767 256 0 Super VGA (7) (1) page numbering begins with page 0. Several modes have sufficient memory available for additional page(s). (2) page 1 available after calling Use64k (3) EGA pages assumes 256k EGA memory (4) monochrome monitor only (5) EGA with 128k or more memory (6) VESA6A is supported by many Super VGA cards with multi-frequency monitors (7) requires VGAKIT-compatible Super VGA and multi-frequency monitor. See WhichVGA in SYSTEM.DOC and SVGA16 and SVGA256 in MODE.DOC. 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� BITBLOCKBYTES: calculate bytes required to save a bit block Source: bbbytes.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to x- and y-coordinate data (see example) Returns: DX:AX = bytes required to save the bit block small or medium model: if CF = 0, bytes required is less than 64k segment => no problem if CF = 1, bit block is too big for a 64k segment small or medium model BitBlock subroutines will not work properly Uses: AX, DX, flags Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes; call BitBlockBytes while the system is in the mode you intend to use. Otherwise, an incorrect byte size may be returned, leading to either wasted memory or memory allocation errors. Example: include asm.inc extrn bitblockbytes:proc .data x0 dw 100,43 ; first corner at (100,43) x1 dw 175,143 ; second corner at (175,143) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to bit block corner data call bitblockbytes ; returns AX = byte size of buffer required jc too_big ; bit block is too big if CF = 1 (small or med) ; note that when the huge model is used, memory greater than 64k must be ; allocated with DOS function 48h. See STARTUP.ASM to release unused ; memory to allow DOS memory allocation. 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� BITPLANEBYTES: calculate bytes to save one plane of a bit block alternate entry to BitBlockBytes; calculates bytes required to save one plane of multi-plane modes Source: bbbytes.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to x- and y-coordinate data Returns: DX:AX = bytes required to save the bit plane small or medium model: if CF = 0, bytes required is less than 64k => no problem if CF = 1, bit plane is too big for a 64k segment small or medium model BitPlane subroutines will not work properly Uses: AX, DX, flags Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes; call BitPlaneBytes while the system is in the mode you intend to use. If the system is is not in a multi-plane mode, BitPlaneBytes will give you the same results as BitBlockBytes. Graphics modes with multiple planes are mode 0Fh (2 planes) and all 16-color modes (4 planes). Example: include asm.inc extrn bitplanebytes:proc .data x0 dw 100,43 ; first corner at (100,43) x1 dw 175,143 ; second corner at (175,143) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to bit block corner data call bitplanebytes ; returns AX = byte size of buffer required jc too_big ; unlikely 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� CIRCLEASPECT: modifies aspect ratio of circle Source: drawcirc.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: AH = numerator of aspect ratio AL = denominator of aspect ratio AH <> 0, AL <> 0 CircleAspect is used with DrawCircle to draw an ellipse. An aspect ratio less than one makes a flat ellipse and an aspect ratio greater than one makes a tall ellipse. Aspect ratios greater than 5 or less than 1/5 may cause unpredictable results. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing; all registers and flags are saved Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: see DrawCircle 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� DEFGMODE: restore ASMLIB's internal flags to use system graphics mode (see ForceGMode) Source: defgmode.asm Call with: no parameters Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: see ForceGMode 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� DRAWCIRCLE: draw a circle Source: drawcirc.asm ($graph.asm, $putdot.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to circle center coordinates and x-radius Drawmodes supported are: 4 = AND the foreground color with the screen 3 = OR the foreground color with the screen 1, 2 = use foreground color 0 = XOR circle with existing screen -1, -2 = use background color -3 = OR the background color with the screen -4 = AND the background color with the screen See DrawMode for more information See also CircleAspect Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn drawcircle:proc, circleaspect:proc .data xcenter dw 100 ; DrawCircle data must be words ycenter dw 100 ; the circle is centered at (100,100) xradius dw 50 ; x-dimension radius in pixels (>0) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . mov ah,5 mov al,1 ; a tall ellipse call circleaspect lea bx,xcenter ; DS:[BX] points to circle data call drawcircle ; draw the circle 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� DRAWBOX: draw a rectangle on a graphics screen Source: drawbox.asm ($graph.asm, $vert.asm, $horiz.asm, several others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to box corner data Drawmodes supported are: 4 = AND the foreground color with the screen; color modes 3 = OR the foreground color with the screen 1, 2 = use foreground color: all modes 0 = XOR foreground color with existing pixels -1, -2 = use background color: all modes -3 = OR the background color with the screen -4 = AND the background color with the screen; color modes See DrawMode for more information; see also LinePattern Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn drawbox:proc .data x0 dw 25,10 ; first corner at (25,10); data is word size x1 dw 301,97 ; opposite corner at (301,97) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to box corner data call drawbox 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� DRAWLINE: draw a line on a graphics screen Source: drawline.asm ($graph.asm, $vert.asm, $horiz.asm, $loslope.asm, $hislope.asm, many others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to line endpoint data Drawmodes supported are: 4 = AND the foreground color with the screen; color modes 3 = OR the foreground color with the screen 1, 2 = use foreground color: all modes 0 = XOR foreground color with existing pixels -1, -2 = use background color: all modes -3 = OR the background color with the screen -4 = AND the background color with the screen; color modes See DrawMode for more information; see also LinePattern Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn drawline:proc .data x0 dw 25,10 ; first endpoint at (25,10); data is word size x1 dw 301,97 ; other end of line at (301,97) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to line coordinate data call drawline 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� DRAWMODE: control ASMLIB graphics drawing mode Source: $graph.asm DrawMode is a public byte in DGROUP used to control the operation of many ASMLIB subroutines. ASMLIB's default drawmode is 1. Typically, drawmodes have the following effects: 2 = use foreground color only; text is printed without background, foreground only of line patterns or fill patterns is used 1 = use foreground and background; text is printed with background, line patterns and fill patterns update both foreground and background 0 = foreground color is XORed with the existing screen (not supported in 256-color or CGA 4-color modes) -1 = characters or fill pattern drawn with foreground and background reversed -2 = character or line drawn with background color only Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc .data extrn drawmode:byte .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . mov drawmode,2 ; print text with foreground color only 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� FILLAREA: fills an irregular area on a graphics screen Source: fillarea.asm ($graph.asm, $horiz.asm, $getdot.asm, several others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to seed pixel coordinates Fills many irregularly-shaped areas with color and/or pattern, beginning at (x,y). FillArea may not work properly with regions which have concave boundaries crossing horizontal lines. The area's boundary is defined by a solid line of non-zero pixels. DrawModes supported are: 2 = fill with foreground color only (if fill pattern has been defined): 16-color modes 1 = fill with foreground (and background, if fillpattern defined): all modes See also FillPattern. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn fillarea:proc .data x dw 10,15 ; start fill operation at x=10, y=15 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,x call fillpattern 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� FILLBOX: draw a filled rectangle on a graphics screen Source: fillbox.asm ($graph.asm, $horiz.asm, several others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to box corner data Drawmodes supported are: 4 = AND the box with the pre-existing screen 3 = OR the foreground color with the screen 1, 2 = use foreground color 0 = XOR foreground color with existing pixels -1, -2 = use background color -3 = OR the background color with the screen -4 = AND the background color with pre-existing screen See DrawMode for more information; also see FillPattern. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn fillbox:proc .data x0 dw 25,10 ; first corner at (25,10); data is word size x1 dw 301,97 ; opposite corner at (301,97) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to box corner data call fillbox 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� FILLPATTERN: define an optional pattern for FillArea & FillBox Source: fpattern.asm Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to ASCIIZ pattern string. Up to 8 characters in the string will be used. The pattern must be re-defined before each call to a line drawing subroutine (FillArea, FillBox). Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes except 256-color modes Example: include asm.inc extrn fillbox:proc extrn fillpattern:proc .data x0 dw 25,10 ; first corner at (25,10); data is word size x1 dw 301,97 ; opposite corner at (301,97) pattern db 8 dup(10101010b),0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,pattern ; DS:[BX] points to pattern string call fillpattern ; define the pattern sub bx,8 ; DS:[BX] points to box corner data call fillbox ; draw a patterned box 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� FORCEGMODE: force ASMLIB to use one particular graphics mode this is handy for two-monitor systems Source: defgmode.asm Call with: AL = graphics mode to use forcegmode does not change the actual screen mode; what it does is to force ASMLIB's central graphics control to ignore the system mode. Call defgmode to restore ASMLIB's internal flags to the default state. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes (256-color modes not tested) Example: include asm.inc extrn modecolor:proc, modemono:proc extrn forcegmode:proc, gcolor:proc, defgmode:proc .data gtext db 'Graphics mode',0 gpos dd 0 ; 2 words of zeros to position text ttext db 'Text mode',0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data ; I want text on the monochrome screen and 16-color graphics on the EGA call modecolor ; switch to color monitor mov ax,10h ; set up graphics mode int 10h mov al,10h ; tell ASMLIB to use mode 10h ; use AL = 13h for VGA 256-color modes ; use AL = 8 for Hercules (including InColor) call forcegmode ; best to do this after the mode change call modemono ; switch back to the monochrome monitor mov ax,010Ch ; blue background, red foreground call gcolor lea si,gtext ; point to graphics message lea dx,gpos ; positioned at upper left corner call gprint ; prints on EGA in graphics mode lea si,ttext ; point to text message xor dx,dx ; upper left corner of text screen mov ah,7 ; normal color call tprint ; display message on monochrome monitor . . ; sometime later, all done with this setup call defgmode ; clear ASMLIB's internal graphics flags 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GBASESEG: change ASMLIB graphics base segment Source: gbaseseg.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: AX = base segment address for alternate buffer if AX = 0, default base segment is restored GBaseSeg may be used to create and update off-screen graph images, thus simulating multiple screen pages. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: mode 04h, 05h, HGraph (monochrome only), 40h, 11h, 13h buffer size requirements: mode 04h, 05h 16384 bytes HGraph, 40h 32768 bytes mode 11h 38400 bytes mode 13h 64000 bytes GBaseSeg may also work with planar or bank-switched modes in a windowing multi-tasking enviornment, such as DesqView. Feedback, please!! You must call GBaseseg AFTER switching the system to graphics mode, or it will not work; you must also call GBaseSeg with AX = 0 before changing from one graphics mode to another, or the default base segment may get messed up. Example: .model medium public myprog extrn gbaseseg:proc, drawbox:proc .data boxdata dw 0,0,319,199 .fardata screen1 db 64000 dup (0) ; second screen for mode 13h .code myprog proc ; program fragment assumes DS:@DATA ; mode 13h, 320x200x256 colors mov ax,13h int 10h ; use alternate buffer mov ax,seg screen1 call gbaseseg lea bx,linedata call drawbox 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GCENTER: centers a string on a graphics screen Source: gcenter.asm (gprint.asm, $graph.asm, strlen.asm, f8x14.asm) GCENTERX: centers a double-width string on a graphics screen Source: gcenterx.asm (gprintx.asm, $graph.asm, strlen.asm, f8x14.asm) Call with: DS:[SI] pointing to the string to print DS:[DX] pointing to x- and y-coordinates the x-coordinate is a placeholder; GCenter calculates the correct x value before calling GPrint. Colors, drawmodes and character sizes are the same as for GPrint or GPrintX. Returns: x = calculated x-coordinate Uses: nothing; all registers and flags are saved. Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gcenter:proc .data x dw ? y dw 2 ; print graph title 2 pixels down from the top title db 'Graph title',0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea si,title ; DS:[SI] points to string lea dx,x ; point to coordinates call gcenter ; print the string, centered horizontally 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GCLEAR: clears the active portion of a graphics screen uses background color Source: gclear.asm ($graph.asm, $horiz.asm, others) Call with: no parameters Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gclear:proc .code . . . call gclear 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GCOLOR: update color used by ASMLIB graphics Source: gcolor.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: AL = foreground color AH = background color for 4-color modes, colors may be 0-3 for 16-color modes, colors may be 0-15 for 256-color modes, colors may be 0-255 Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all color graphics modes and mode 0Fh GColor is ignored by 2-color modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gcolor:proc .code . . . mov ah,bcolor ; background color mov al,fcolor ; foreground color call gcolor 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GCOPY: copies one page of graphics memory to another Source: gcopy.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: BH = frompage BL = topage Returns: CF = error flag if CF = 0, no error if CF = 1, bad page number or frompage = topage Uses: AX, CF Supports: Hercules and InColor (with Use64k) EGA/VGA modes 0Dh, 0Eh, 0Fh, 10h Super13 Example: include asm.inc extrn gcopy:proc .code . . . mov bx,0001h ; copy from page 0 to page 1 call gcopy jc bad_page ; uh oh, pages not supported 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GCURSOR: simulate text-mode cursor on graphics screen GUCURSOR: simulate underscore cursor on graphics screen Source: gcursor.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[DX] pointing to x- and y-coordinate word data x and y are the coordinates of the UPPER LEFT corner of a character block. Note that text characters are 8 x-pixels wide and from 8 to 16 y-pixels high. GCursor and GUCursor maintain the simulated cursor while the keyboard type-ahead buffer is empty. GCursor shape is an underscore when INSERT is off and a larger block when INSERT is on. GUCursor is an underscore regardless of the state of the INSERT toggle. Returns: nothing Uses: AX, CX Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gcursor:proc, getkey:proc .data x dw 10,20 ; put the cursor in the character block at (10,20) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea dx,x call gcursor call getkey ; retrieve the key that was pressed 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GETBITBLOCK: saves a portion of a graphics screen in memory Source: small & medium: bitblock.asm ($graph.asm, bb02.asm, bb04.asm bb06.asm, bb08.asm, bb10.asm, bb12.asm, bb14.asm) huge: same as small & medium, + lowES2hi.asm & lowDS2hi.asm Call with: ES:[DI] pointing to memory buffer for the bit block DS:[BX] pointing to x & y coordinate data Note that a bit block copied from a 4-plane mode may only be restored to a 4-plane mode; likewise, a bit block saved from a 2-color mode should be restored to a 2-color mode or to a single bit plane of a 16-color mode. Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes memory models: small medium, huge If you do not intend to support all ASMLIB graphics modes, you can call mode-specific BitBlock subroutines to reduce .EXE size. These subroutines use the same calling parameters as GetBitBlock and PutBitBlock: getbb02: mode 04h, 05h, 11h, 40h, HGraph (mono and InColor) getbb06: mode 0Dh, 0Eh, 0Fh, 10h, 12h, SVGA16(0), XMODE16 getbb08: mode 13h getbb10: Super13, Super13a getbb12: SVGA16 getbb14: SVGA256 putbb02: mode 04h, 05h, 11h, 40h, HGraph (mono only) putbb04: HGraph (InColor only) putbb06: mode 0Dh, 0Eh, 0Fh, 10h, 12h, SVGA16(0), XMODE16 putbb08: mode 13h putbb10: Super13, Super13a putbb12: SVGA16 putbb14: SVGA256 Example on next page ; example of GetBitBlock use include asm.inc extrn bitblockbytes:proc, getbitblock:proc, putbitblock:proc extrn halloc:proc .data ptr dw ? ; use this to save pointer to bit block x0 dw 100,43,175,143 ; save from (100,43) to (175,143) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,x0 ; point to block corners call bitblockbytes ; calculate byte requirement jc too_big ; error control call halloc ; this example allocate the buffer from heap ; can't do this w/ huge bit blocks jc no_memory ; more error control mov ptr,bx ; save near address of bit block push ds pop es ; ES = DS mov di,bx ; ES:[DI] points to buffer lea bx,x0 ; DS:[BX] points to coordinate data call getbitblock . . ; later . . . lea bx,x0 ; put the bit block back where you found it push ds pop es ; ES = DS mov di,ptr ; ES:[DI] points to buffer call putbitblock 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GETBITPLANE: saves one plane of a bit block in memory Source: small & medium: bitplane.asm ($graph.asm, bb02.asm, bb04.asm bb06.asm, bb08.asm, bb10.asm, bb12.asm, bb14.asm) huge: same as small & medium, + lowES2hi.asm & lowDS2hi.asm Call with: ES:[DI] pointing to memory buffer for the bit block DS:[BX] pointing to x & y coordinate data AL = plane number to save valid plane numbers are 0 - 3 in 16-color modes 0 & 2 in EGA monochrome mode In 16-color modes, EGA/VGA and InColor planes are: 0 = blue, 1 = green, 2 = red, 3 = gray (or intensity) In EGA monochrome mode, plane 0 = normal, plane 2 = blink or intensity The actual colors each plane represents may change depending on the values in the pallete registers. Supports: all 16-color modes plus EGA monochrome other modes: GetBitPlane works like GetBitBlock memory models: small, medium, huge 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GETVIEW: returns a pointer to the current view coordinates for the active page Source: getview.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: no parameters most ASMLIB subroutines, except the GPrint series, Gload, GCopy and GSave, limit their activity to the view region. You may use the returned pointer to change the active portion of the screen; be careful not to exceed the maximum x1 and y1 values permitted by the current mode. Also, x0 must always be less than x1 and y0 must always be less than y1. ASMLIB's defaults are: x0 = 0 y0 = 0 x1 = xmax y1 = ymax See also ResetView Returns: ES:[BX] pointing to the current view coordinates Uses: ES, BX; all other registers and flags are saved Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes and pages Example: include asm.inc extrn getview:proc x0 EQU word ptr ES:[BX] y0 EQU word ptr ES:2[BX] x1 EQU word ptr ES:4[BX] y1 EQU word ptr ES:6[BX] .code . . . call getview 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GLOAD: loads a graphics screen saved as a disk file by GSave Source: gsave.asm ($graph.asm, $gbytes.asm, $reset.asm) Call with: DS:[DX] pointing to the name of the file to load the filename must be an ASCIIZ string Returns: AX = MS-DOS error code Uses: AX, BX, CX, flags Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gload:proc .data filename db 'graph.bin',0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea dx,filename call gload 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GPAGE: changes active and displayed graphics page GPage changes ASMLIB's default graphics page and displays the page. See also UseGPage and ShowGPage. Source: gpage1.asm ($graph.asm, $herc.asm, gpage.asm) Call with: BL = page number. See table at start of this GRAPHICS.DOC file. Returns: if CF = 0, no problem if CF = 1, bad page number requested Uses: CF Supports: EGA, VGA, Hercules, InColor: modes with more than one page Example: include asm.inc extrn gpage:proc .code . . mov bl,1 ; use and show page 1 call gpage jc oops ; uh oh, wrong mode 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GPRINT: prints ASCIIZ string on a graphics screen Source: gprint.asm ($graph.asm, f8x14.asm, $gp00.asm, $gp02.asm, $gp06.asm, $gp08.asm, $gp10.asm, others) Call with: DS:[SI] pointing to the ASCIIZ string DS:[DX] pointing to x- and y-coordinate data drawmodes supported by GPrint are: 2 = foreground only; background pixels left alone 1 = foreground and background pixels updated with current gcolor 0 = foreground color is XORed with the existing screen -1 = like drawmode 1, but foreground and background reversed -2 = like drawmode 2, but uses background color Any pixel position may be specified; does not wrap around from right side of screen to left. Default character size is 8x8 for CGA modes and modes 0Dh, 0Eh and 13h, 8x14 for others. High ASCII characters are undefined in 8x8 pixel modes unless you call SmallText sometime earlier in the program. Returns: nothing Uses: CX; all other registers and flags are saved Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes not all drawmodes supported with CGA modes 04h and 05h Example: include asm.inc extrn gprint:proc .data string db 'print this, if you will',0 gpos dw 0,0 ; print at upper left corner .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea si,string lea dx,gpos call gprint additional GPRINT information on next page GPRINT will work with user-defined fonts up to 16 pixel rows high in all modes with ymax > 200. GPRINT reads a public data area in DGROUP to determine the SEGMENT:OFFSET address of the font data, the number of pixel rows per character and the byte increment between sucessive character definitions. Characters must be 8 pixels wide. FONTDATA.ASM has the required font data: public fontseg fontseg dw SEG f8x14 ; segment address of user-loaded font (8x14 default) dw OFFSET f8x14 ; offset address of user-loaded font (8x14 default) db 14 ; byte size of character db 14 ; bytes from start of one char to start of next Example: include asm.inc .data extrn fontseg:word fname db 'c:\ramfont\italics.fnt',0 ; 8x14 characters fbuffer db 4096 dup (0) ; all RAMFont fonts are 4096 bytes ; the fonts supplied by Hercules with the Graphics Card Plus and InColor ; card are a variety of sizes, but in each font file the byte increment ; is always 16 bytes .code . . mov ax,@data mov ds,ax lea dx,fname mov ax,3D00h ; open file for read int 21h mov bx,ax ; copy file handle to BX lea dx,fbuffer ; DS:[DX] points to buffer mov cx,4096 mov ah,3Fh ; read file int 21h mov ah,3Eh ; close file int 21h mov fontseg,ds ; update segment address of new font mov fontseg+2,dx ; update offset address of new font mov fontseg+4,(16 shl 8) OR 14 ; 14-pixel row character ; 16 bytes between character definitions 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GPRINTDOWN: prints ASCIIZ string vertically on graph screen GPRINTUP: prints ASCIIZ string vertically on graph screen Source: gprint.asm ($graph.asm, f8x14.asm, $gp00.asm, $gp02.asm, $gp06.asm, $gp08.asm, $gp10.asm, others) Call with: same as GPrint rotates each character 90 degrees and prints from top downward or from bottom upward. Character size 8x8. Returned data and registers used same as GPrint Example: see GPrint. 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GPRINTX: print string on a graphics screen, double width GPRINT2X: print string on a graphics screen, double size GPRINTDOWNX: print string vertically on graph screen, 2x width GPRINTDOWN2X: print string vertically on graph screen, 2x size GPRINTUPX: print string vertically on graph screen, 2x width GPRINTUP2X: print string vertically on graph screen, 2x size Source: gprintx.asm ($graph.asm, f8x14.asm, $gp00.asm, $gp02.asm, $gp06.asm, $gp08.asm, $gp10.asm, others) Variations of GPrint and GPrintDOWN/GPrintUP; GPrintx, GPrintDOWNx and GPrintUPx print characters which are twice as wide as normal; 2x subroutines print the characters twice as wide and twice as high as normal. Parameters, supported modes and drawmodes are same as GPrint. GPrintx and GPrint2x also work with user-defined fonts. See GPrint. Example: see GPrint. 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GSAVE: saves a graphics screen as a disk file does not compress image Source: gsave.asm ($graph.asm, $gbytes.asm, $reset.asm) Call with: DS:[DX] pointing to ASCIIZ filename disk space requirements vary depending on graphics mode: HGraph (mono) 32,768 bytes HGraph (InColor) 131,072 bytes Super13 128,000 bytes Super13a 172,800 bytes XMode16 varies; up to 240,000 bytes VESA6Ah, SVGA16(0) 240,000 bytes SVGA16(1) 393,216 bytes SVGA256(0) 256,000 bytes SVGA256(1) 307,200 bytes SVGA256(2) 480,000 bytes SVGA256(3) 786,432 bytes 04h/05h/06h 16,384 bytes 40h 32,768 bytes 0Dh 32,000 bytes 0Eh 64,000 bytes 0Fh 56,000 bytes 10h 112,000 bytes 11h 38,400 bytes 12h 153,600 bytes 13h 64,000 bytes Returns: if AX <> 0, AX = MS-DOS error code if AX = 0, no error Uses: AX, flags Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn gsave:proc .data filename db 'graph.bin',0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea dx,filename ; point to ASCIIZ filename call gsave ; save graph or ax,ax ; was there a problem? jnz oops ; do some error control if so 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� LINEPATTERN: defines an optional pattern for DrawLine and DrawBox Source: lpattern.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to an ASCIIZ string of up to 8 characters. The bit patterns in each character are used to make dashed or dotted lines. For drawmodes > 0, each pixel in the line is updated with the foreground color if the corresponding bit in the bit pattern is 1. If the bit in the bit pattern is 0, the corresponding pixel in the line is treated as a background pixel. LinePattern must be called before each call to a subroutine in drawline.obj if you want the line pattern to be used. drawmodes supported are: (monochrome modes) 2 = update foreground pixels only 1 = update foreground and background pixels 0 = XOR the foreground color with the existing image -1 = like drawmode 1, but foreground and background colors are reversed -2 = like drawmode 2, but foreground and background colors are reversed (color modes) same as monochrome, plus: 3 = OR the foreground pixels with the pre-existing screen -3 = OR the background pixels with the pre-existing screen 4 = AND the foreground pixels with the pre-existing screen -4 = AND the background pixels with the pre-existing screen Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn linepattern:proc, drawline:proc .data x0 dw 25,10,301,97 ; line endpoints at (25,10) & (301,97) pattern db 4 dup(32,64),0 ; 8 bytes past x0 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . lea bx,pattern ; DS:[BX] points to bit pattern call linepattern ; let drawline know what pattern to use sub bx,8 ; point to line endpoint data call drawline ; draw a patterned line 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� PUTBITBLOCK: restores bit block saved by GetBitBlock PUTBITPLANE: restores bit plane saved by GetBitPlane Source: same as GetBitBlock or GetBitPlane Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to upper left corner coordinates ES:[DI] pointing to buffer with stored bit block PutBitPlane: AL = plane number valid plane numbers for 16-color modes are 0 - 3 for EGA mode 11h 0 & 2 Drawmodes supported are: mode 13h, super13, super13a: 1 = replace existing screen area with bit block 2 = replace existing screen with non-zero pixels in bit block HGraph (InColor): 4 = AND the bit block with the existing screen 3 = OR the bit block with the existing screen 1,2 = replace existing screen area with bit block 0 = XOR the bit block with the existing image -1,-2 = replace existing screen area with inverse bit block 16-color EGA/VGA-type modes and mode 0Fh: same as InColor, plus: -3 = OR the inverse bit block with the existing screen -4 = AND the inverse bit block with the existing screen mode 04h, 05h, 06h, 40h, HGraph (mono), 11h: 4, 1, 0, -1 same as InColor 2, 3 = combine non-zero pixels in the bit block with the pre-existing image -2 = combine non-zero pixel in the inverse bit block with the pre-existing screen image Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: see GetBitBlock bit block formats explained on following pages ; BIT BLOCK FORMATS ; mode 04h, 05h, 06h Hercules monochrome, 11h, and bit planes ; ; the first word in the buffer is the number of pixel rows (vertical) ; in the bit block; the second word is the number of bytes per screen row; ; the fifth byte is a bit mask for the last byte of each pixel row. ; The bit mask = 0FFh for byte-aligned bit blocks. bblock dw 15,5 ; 15 rows, 5 bytes per row db 11111110b ; bit mask for right end of pixel row ; bit block data follows: ; 15 rows, 5 bytes per row db 00000000b,10000000b,00000000b,10000000b,00000010b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00000110b db 00000011b,11100000b,00000011b,11100000b,00001100b db 00000111b,01110000b,00000111b,01110000b,00011000b db 00001110b,00111000b,00001110b,00111000b,00110000b db 00011100b,00011100b,00011100b,00011100b,01100000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,11000000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,01100000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00110000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00011000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00001100b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00000110b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00000010b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00000000b db 00000001b,11000000b,00000001b,11000000b,00000000b ; 16-color modes: 0Dh, 0Eh, 10h, 12h, 6Ah, xmode16, InColor: ; same as above, except there are 4 planes of bit block data ; i. e., 4 groups of 15-row, 5-byte data; plane 3 is the first ; block, followed by planes 2, 1, and 0. ; EGA monochrome mode: 0Fh ; similar to 16-color modes, but there are only 2 groups of bit ; block data instead of 4 ; 256-color modes on next page ; BIT BLOCK FORMATS ; mode 13h: no bit mask in the bit block header red equ 12 ; bright red blue equ 1 ; blue bblock dw 12,5 ; 12 rows, 5 bytes per row db red, red, blue,red, red db red, blue,red, blue,red db blue,red, red, red, blue db red, red, blue,red, red db red, blue,red, blue,red db blue,red, red, red, blue db red, red, blue,red, red db red, blue,red, blue,red db blue,red, red, red, blue db red, red, blue,red, red db red, blue,red, blue,red db blue,red, red, red, blue ; super13, super13a: no bit mask in the bit block header, x & y ; orienation of data is reversed for speed ; this example is the same pattern shown for mode 13h, above red equ 12 ; bright red blue equ 1 ; blue bblock dw 12,5 ; 12 rows, 5 bytes per row db red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue db red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red db blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red db red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red db red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue,red, red, blue 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� PUTDOT: change a pixel on a graphics screen Source: putdot.asm ($graph.asm, $putdot.asm, others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to x & y coordinates Drawmodes supported are: (monochrome) 1 = set pixel 0 = toggle pixel -1 = erase pixel (color modes) 3 = OR foreground color with pre-existing pixel 1, 2 = replace pixel with foreground color 0 = XOR foreground color with pre-existing pixel -1, -2 = replace pixel with background color -3 = OR background color with pre-existing pixel Returns: if CF = 0, no error if CF = 1, pixel coordinates outside active view area Uses: CF; all other registers and flags are saved Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn putdot:proc .data extrn drawmode:byte x dw 100,117 ; pixel at x = 100, y = 117 .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . mov drawmode,1 ; use foreground color lea bx,x ; point to pixel coordinates call putdot 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� GETDOT: determine pixel value on graphics screen Source: getdot.asm ($graph.asm, $getdot.asm, others) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to pixel coordinate data Returns: if CF = 0, AX = pixel value if CF = 1, pixel coordinates outside active view area Uses: AX, CF Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn getdot:proc .data x dw 10,10 ; pixel at (10,10) .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . lea bx,x ; point to pixel coordinates call getdot ; get pixel value jc out_of_bounds ; oops 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� RESETVIEW: restores default view area on active graphics page and returns a pointer to the view data Source: view.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: no parameters ResetView restores the default full screen view area. The far pointer returned points to ASMLIB's data area in $graph.obj for the active graphics page's view coordinates. Returns: ES:[BX] pointing to the active page's view data. Uses: ES, BX; all other registers and flags are saved Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn resetview:proc x0 EQU word ptr ES:[BX] y0 EQU word ptr ES:2[BX] x1 EQU word ptr ES:4[BX] y1 EQU word ptr ES:6[BX] .code . . . call resetview 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� SHOWGPAGE: change graphics page displayed on screen See also UseGPage and GPage. Source: gpage1.asm ($graph.asm, $herc.asm) Call with: BL = page number Returns: Carry Flag = error code if CF = 0, no error if CF = 1, bad page number Uses: CF Supports: HGraph (mono and InColor), modes 0Dh, 0Eh, 0Fh, 10h, Super13 Example: include asm.inc extrn showgpage:proc .code . . . mov bl,1 ; show page 1 call showgpage jc no_page_1 ; no page 1 for this mode 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� SHOWGPLANE: show one or more planes of multi-plane EGA/VGA screen Source: gplane.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: AL = plane mask Bits set in the plane mask correspond to the plane displayed. ASMLIB's default mask is 00001111b, enabling all 4 planes. Returns: CF = error flag if CF = 0, no error if CF = 1, bad plane mask or graphics mode Uses: CF Supports: EGA & VGA 16-color modes, including VESA 6Ah, xmode16 and SVGA16 EGA monochrome: planes 0 and 2 (mask = 00000101b for both planes) Hercules InColor Example: include asm.inc extrn showgplane:proc .code . . . mov al,00000101b ; show planes 0 and 2 call showgplane jc error ; error control 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� SMALLTEXT: change GPrint, GPrintX and GPrint2X default to 8x8 characters in Hercules and modes 10h, 11h, 12h; makes 8x8-size high ASCII characters available to GPrint in all modes STDTEXT: restore GPrint default characters (see GPrint) Source: smalltxt.asm (f8x8.asm, $graph.asm) Call with: no parameters Returns: nothing Uses: nothing; all registers and flags are saved Example: include asm.inc extrn smalltext:proc, stdtext:proc .code . . . ; make GPrint use the small 8x8 characters ; make sure high ASCII characters are available call smalltext . . ; sometime later, I want to use larger 8x14 characters call stdtext 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� UC2SYS: convert user-defined coordinates to system coordinates Source: uc2sys.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to (x0,y0,x1,y1) coordinates in user-defined format assumes DS:@data Returns: DS:[BX] pointing to (x0,y0,x1,y1) coordinates in system format UCINIT and UC2SYS allow the programmer to define a graph coordinate system to fit the data, and converts the system's y-orientation from top-to-bottom to the more familiar bottom-to-top US2SYS maintains a separate data area for converted coordinates; the input coordinates are not changed Uses: BX Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes; user-defined coordinates from -32767 to +32767; see also UCINIT Example: see UCINIT 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� UCINIT: specify user-defined coordinates Source: uc2sys.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: DS:[BX] pointing to desired xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax coordinates (xmax-xmin < 32767, ymax-ymin < 32767) assumes DS:@data ASMLIB's default user coordinates are (0,0,1000,1000) Returns: nothing Uses: nothing Example: ; I'm plotting a graph on the screen with x-axis data from 1983 to 2007 ; and y-axis data from -72 to 140 ; I'll leave some space on each side for titles, etc. extrn ucinit:proc, uc2sys:proc extrn drawbox:proc .data x0 dw 1975 ; xmin y0 dw -80 ; ymin x1 dw 2014 ; xmax y1 dw 148 ; ymax .code ; program fragment assumes DS:@data . . . ; establish coordinates lea bx,x0 call ucinit ; draw a box arouund the graph mov x0,1983 mov y0,-72 mov x1,2007 mov y1,140 lea bx,x0 call uc2sys call drawbox ; SEE ALSO BARGRAPH.ASM EXAMPLE PROGRAM 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� USEGPAGE: changes active graphics page used by ASMLIB does not change page displayed (see GPage and ShowGPage) Source: gpage.asm ($graph.asm, $herc.asm) Call with: BL = page number Returns: if CF = 0, no error if CF = 1, bad page number Uses: CF Supports: HGraph (mono and InColor) with Use64k EGA and VGA: modes with more than one page Example: include asm.inc extrn usegpage:proc .code . . mov bl,1 call usegpage jc oops 같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같같� VIEWLIMIT: determine current mode's maximum dimensions Source: view.asm ($graph.asm) Call with: no parameters Returns: ES:[BX] pointing to xmax ES:2[BX] pointing to ymax Uses: ES, BX Supports: all ASMLIB graphics modes Example: include asm.inc extrn viewlimit:proc .code . . call viewlimit