The primary use for these tools in their current form is to ease maintenance of "msg_help.c" - updating sentences or adding new languages. I use $() "escape" symbols for character-set dependant characters in "msg_help.c". But it's a pain sitting and writing "M$(:a)$(:a)rittele p$(:a)$(:a)hakemisto.." (that's finnish in case you wonder), while trying to translate. And if forgetting a ')' somewhere, there's a risk everything will go down the drain. The solution is to take "msg_help.c" and write sentences as usual without use of $() substitutions. That naturally leaves a lot of upper-ascii characters in the file. That's where the tools come in. Running the MSGTRANS tool (specifying character set used) will replace all upper-ascii letters with correct $() substitutions. Voila! And because the file normally don't contain upper-ascii characters for other purposes, it doesn't inflict on irrelevant parts of the file. -Stig