ࡱ> 2i[h\h]h^h_h`hahbhchdhehfhghhhihjhkhlhmhnhohphqhrhshthuhvhwhxhyhzh{h|h}h~hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhiiiiiiiii i i i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i!i"i#i$i%i&i'i(i)i0i+iCiDiEiFiGiHiIiJiKiLiMiNiOiPiQiRiSi{{{{qt{{uvvvwwZh{yy.iTiRoot Entry F8"ؾ پ3iWordDocument{0BObjectPool ؾؾSummaryInformation(1i  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~5iu4ir6i7i8i9i:i;ii?i@iAiBiIrViWiXiYiZi[i\i]i^i_i`iaibicidieifigihiiijikiliminioipiqirisitiuiviwixiyizi{i|i}i~iiiOle10NativeOle10ItemNameCompObjjrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrsrrrrrrrrrrrrsmedia on which the Software is furnished will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase. Ivex's entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be the replacement of the Software if the media on which the Software is furnished proves to be defective. This warranty is void if the media defect has resulted from accident, abuse, or misapplication. DISCLAIMER: Except as provided above, the Software is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER Ivex, NOR ITS VENDORS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, NOR FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHETHER UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE. EXPORT: This Software is subject to U.S. Commerce Department export restrictions, and is intended for use in the country into which Ivex sold it. TERMINATION: Ivex may terminate this license at any time if licensee is in breach of any of its terms or conditions. Upon termination, licensee will immediately destroy the Software or return all copies of the Software to Ivex along with any copies licensee has made. APPLICABLE LAWS: This Agreement is governed by the laws of the state of Oregon in the United States of America, including patent and copyright laws. The prevailing party in any action or proceeding brought in connection with an alleged breach of this Agreement shall be awarded reasonable attorneys' fees to be paid by the other party. This Agreement will govern any upgrades, if any, to the program that you receive and contains the entire understanding between the parties and supersedes any proposal or prior agreement regarding the subject matter hereof. Contents  TOC \o "1-2" license agreement. iv Forward  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537517  PAGEREF _Toc398537517 vii Minimum requirements to run WinBoard  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537518  PAGEREF _Toc398537518 viii Chapter 1: Editing Features  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537519  PAGEREF _Toc398537519 1 Selecting Objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537520  PAGEREF _Toc398537520 1 Moving Objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537521  PAGEREF _Toc398537521 3 Editing Tracks  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537522  PAGEREF _Toc398537522 3 Editing Zones  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537523  PAGEREF _Toc398537523 11 Editing Objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537524  PAGEREF _Toc398537524 14 Rotating Objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537525  PAGEREF _Toc398537525 14 Flipping Modules  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537526  PAGEREF _Toc398537526 15 Moving a Block of Objects from One Location to Another  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537527  PAGEREF _Toc398537527 15 Editing Pad Stacks  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537528  PAGEREF _Toc398537528 16 Undo  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537529  PAGEREF _Toc398537529 20 Chapter 2: Reference  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537530  PAGEREF _Toc398537530 21 Menus  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537531  PAGEREF _Toc398537531 21 Toolbars  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537532  PAGEREF _Toc398537532 78 Templates  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537533  PAGEREF _Toc398537533 134 Chapter 3: Using Module Libraries  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537534  PAGEREF _Toc398537534 137 Creating Modules with the Module Creation Language  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537535  PAGEREF _Toc398537535 137 Graphical Module Editor  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537536  PAGEREF _Toc398537536 160 Appendix A: Importing Netlists  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537537  PAGEREF _Toc398537537 175 Importing an Orcad Schematic Netlist  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537538  PAGEREF _Toc398537538 175 Netlist Import: Tango and Protel  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537539  PAGEREF _Toc398537539 180 Appendix B: DRC Definitions  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537540  PAGEREF _Toc398537540 181 Drill to other objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537541  PAGEREF _Toc398537541 181 Via to other objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537542  PAGEREF _Toc398537542 184 Tracks to other objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537543  PAGEREF _Toc398537543 187 SMD to other objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537544  PAGEREF _Toc398537544 189 PAD to other objects  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537545  PAGEREF _Toc398537545 191 Annular-Min./Annular-Max.  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537546  PAGEREF _Toc398537546 193 Zone  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537547  PAGEREF _Toc398537547 193 Appendix C: Keyboard Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537548  PAGEREF _Toc398537548 195 Track, Outline, and Edge Editing or Routing Key Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537549  PAGEREF _Toc398537549 195 Function Key Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537550  PAGEREF _Toc398537550 197 Numeric Key Pad Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537551  PAGEREF _Toc398537551 197 Screen Panning and Zooming Key Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537552  PAGEREF _Toc398537552 199 Object Manipulation Key Commands  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537553  PAGEREF _Toc398537553 199 Appendix D: Question/Answer  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537554  PAGEREF _Toc398537554 201 Appendix E: Specctra Interface  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537555  PAGEREF _Toc398537555 205 How it works  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537556  PAGEREF _Toc398537556 205 Using the Interface  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537557  PAGEREF _Toc398537557 206 Tutorial  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537558  PAGEREF _Toc398537558 214 Advanced Use  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537559  PAGEREF _Toc398537559 215 Limitations  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537560  PAGEREF _Toc398537560 216 Glossary  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537561  PAGEREF _Toc398537561 218 Index  GOTOBUTTON _Toc398537562  PAGEREF _Toc398537562 231  Forward This Ivex Users Manual contains detailed reference information about using this product. For information on getting started with this product, please refer the separate Getting Started Guide & Tutorial. The Getting Started Guide contains the following information: Introduction. Installation and registraion. Minimum requirments. How to reach Ivex and technical support. Getting started using the program. Tutorial. Netlist information and how to go from schmatic to PCB layout. Registration and Pin Capacity All Ivex product disks are manufactured with a 100 pin capacity. Each user is assigned a personal registration number. The user must enter their personal registration number into the program to enable the pin capacity purchased. Go to Help | Registration in the program and enter your personal registration number, name and company in the space provided. Usually the personal registration number is located in the front of the printed manual or on the back side of disk number one. For more detailed instructions, please refer to the Getting Started Guide. Thank you for choosing Ivex. We hope you enjoy using this product. Please remember to register your name, address, and e-mail number with Ivex so that we can notify you of news and upgrades. News bulletins, tips and notices of minor upgrades are sent electronically by e-mail and you may not receive these unless you provide your e-mail address. Minimum requirements to run WinBoard To run WinBoard, you need the following: SYMBOL 252 \f "Wingdings" \s 10 \h A 486 or greater PC with a CD drive and a hard drive with at least twenty megabytes of available disk space SYMBOL 252 \f "Wingdings" \s 10 \h A minimum of four megabytes of free system memory in your computer, eight megabytes highly is recommended SYMBOL 252 \f "Wingdings" \s 10 \h Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or later SYMBOL 252 \f "Wingdings" \s 10 \h A color SVGA monitor (800 x 600). SYMBOL 252 \f "Wingdings" \s 10 \h A mouse Chapter 1: Editing XE "Editing " \r "Editing" \bFeatures This chapter explains how to select, edit, rotate, and flip objects, how to move objects from one location to another, and how to edit pad stacks. Selecting ObjectsXE "Selecting Objects" \r "Selecting" \b This section explains how to select objects. Modules are selected differently than other objects. The methods for selecting objects of any type are: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h As blocks of objects SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h As single objects Selecting Blocks XE "Selecting Blocks " \bof Objects To select a block of objects, follow these steps: 1. Place the pointer at one corner of the area you need to select. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the pointer to the opposite corner of the area to be selected. WinBoard draws a dashed box around the area that is selected. 3. Release the left mouse button to complete the selection process. All objects within the rectangle are now selected. When you release the mouse button and whenever the pointer touches the area surrounded by the rectangle, the pointer looks like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat and the Block Cut XE "Block Cut " \band Block Copy XE "Block Copy " \bbuttons display as active buttons rather than dimmed buttons. To cut or copy the block of selected objects, use the Block Cut and Block Copy tools. To move the block of selected objects, simply place the pointing hand anywhere in the block and hold down the left mouse button while dragging the block of selected objects. Selecting ModulesXE "Selecting Modules" \bXE "Modules:Selecting " \b To select a module, click the left mouse button on any pad that is part of the module. WinBoard highlights the module. Select more modules along with the one you have already selected by holding down the Ctrl key while clicking with the left mouse button on a pad in each module. To unselect selected modules, click with the left mouse button on no object. Selecting Part of a Module With the exception of pads, to select any object that is part of a module, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking with the left mouse button on the object you want to select. Select more objects that are part of a module in the same manner. For example, to select module text XE "select module text"  (Part Ref or Part Val) hold down the Ctrl key and click on the text with the left mouse button. To select the module outline XE "module outline" , hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on the outline with the left mouse button. To edit the outline XE "edit the outline" , hold down the Space Bar, this will allow you to insert and delete a vertex as you would when editing a track.. When you are using the Module Editor it is not necessary to use the space bar to edit the outline. To select one or more pads that are part of a module, hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys while clicking with the left mouse button on the pad or pads you want to select. Selecting Objects Other Than Modules The methods for selecting objects other than modules are: Select a single object by clicking on the object with the left mouse button. WinBoard highlights the object. If you want to select more objects along with one you have already selected, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on each object. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: To unselect all objects, click again on another object or on no object.Select T-Tracks XE "Select T-Tracks"  Hold down the Ctrl key and click on the track with the left mouse button. This will select the track segment you clicked on and the adjoining T-Track segment. The T-Track segment may be connected directly or with a via. This enables you to move and drag adjoining segments. Single track segments may be selected with a single mouse click and an entire net may be selected using the net highlight (F5 key) function. Moving ObjectsXE "Moving Objects" \bXE "Objects:Moving" \b This section explains how to move all objects other than tracks. For information about moving and editing tracks, refer to Editing Tracks below. To move any object other than a track, start by selecting the object. Notice that as you move the pointer near the selected object, the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat. This pointer indicates that WinBoard has entered the mode for moving objects. To move the selected object, follow these steps: 1. Place the tip of the pointer finger on the object you want to move. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the object to its new location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The object is no longer selected. Editing TracksXE "Editing Tracks" \r "Track_editing" \bXE "Tracks:Editing" \r "Track_editing" \b WinBoard provides powerful, flexible editing features that make it simple for you to move a whole track, drag single vertices, delete single vertices, insert new vertices anywhere on a track, drag a segment of track, drag three adjacent track segments simultaneously, and drag a whole track without moving the beginning and ending points. This section gives detailed explanations of the WinBoard track editing features. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatMoving a Whole TrackXE "Track:Moving" \bXE "Moving Tracks" \bWhen moving a track, you need to know how the track move operation works: SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If the track you want to move begins and ends on pads, the beginning and ending points of the track will remain on the pads which retains net connectivity. However, all ending points that are parked somewhere other than a pad will move with the track.Select the track you want to move by clicking on the track with the left mouse button. Notice that as you move the pointer near the track, the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat. This pointer indicates that WinBoard has entered the mode for moving tracks. To move an existing track, follow these steps: 1. Place the tip of the pointer finger on the track you want to move. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the track to the new track location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The track is no longer selected. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDragging a Single Vertex XE "Dragging a Vertex" \bXE "Vertex:Dragging" \bof a TrackSelect the track you want to change by clicking on the track with the left mouse button. Notice that as you move the pointer near a vertex of the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: . The  is used to drag a vertex to a new location. To drag a vertex to a new location, follow these steps: 1. Place the  on the vertex you want to move. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the vertex to the new location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The track remains selected so you can perform more edits if you like. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-1. The pointer used for dragging a vertex. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDeleting a Vertex XE "Deleting a Vertex " \bXE "Vertex:Deleting" \bfrom a TrackSelect the track from which you want to delete a vertex. Notice that as you move the pointer near a vertex on the selected track, the pointer changes to look like this: . The  is used to drag or delete a vertex. To delete a vertex, follow these steps: 1. Place the pointer on the vertex you want to delete. The pointer changes to look like this: . 2. Press the Del key or click the right mouse button. The vertex is deleted. The track remains selected so you can perform more edits if you like. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatAdding a Vertex XE "Adding a Vertex " \bXE "Vertex:Adding" \bto a TrackSelect the track to which you want to add a vertex. Notice that as you move the pointer near a segment of the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat. The scissors are used to add a vertex to an existing track. To add a vertex, follow these steps: 1. Place the scissors at the location where you want to add a vertex. 2. Click the left mouse button. The pointer changes from a scissors to look like this: . EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-2. The newly added vertex indicated by the . EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDragging XE "Dragging Track Segments " \r "Dragging_segments" \bXE "Track Segments:Dragging " \r "Dragging_segments" \ba Single Track SegmentSelect the track you want to change by clicking on the track with the left mouse button. Press and hold the Ctrl key. Notice that as you move the pointer near a segment of the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: , signifying that WinBoard has entered the segment drag mode. The  is used to drag a single track segment to a new location. To drag a single track segment to a new location, follow these steps: 1. Place the  on the track segment you want to move. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the track segment to the new location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The track remains selected so you can perform more edits if you like. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: This method of dragging a track segment will only work for track segments that have vertices in addition to a starting and ending point. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDragging Three Track Segments SimultaneouslySelect the track you want to change by clicking on the track with the left mouse button. Press and hold the Shift key. Notice that as you move the pointer near a segment of the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: , signifying that WinBoard has entered the mode to drag three adjacent track segments. The  is used to simultaneously drag three adjacent tracks to a new location. Follow these steps to simultaneously drag three adjacent track segments: 1. Place the  on the center track segment of the three segments you want to drag. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the track segments to the new location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The track remains selected so you can perform more edits if you like. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDragging a Whole TrackXE "Dragging a Track" \bXE "Tracks:Dragging" \bTo drag a whole track except for the beginning and ending points to a new location, select the track you want to drag by clicking on the track with the left mouse button. Press and hold the Shift and Ctrl keys. Notice that as you move the pointer near the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: , signifying that WinBoard has entered the mode to drag a whole track except for the beginning and ending points. The is used to drag a whole track except for the beginning and ending points to a new location. To drag the track, follow these steps: 1. Place the  on the track you want to move. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the track to the new location. 3. Release the left mouse button. The track remains selected so you can perform more edits if you like. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatFlipping a Single Track Segment to Another LayerXE "Changing layers" \bTo flip a single track segment to another layer and insert vias, follow these steps: Select the track with your left mouse button. Press and hold the CNTRL key. While holding the CNTRL key down, move the cursor over the track. Notice that as you move the pointer near the selected track the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat, signifying that WinBoard has entered the mode to flip a track segment. Now click the right mouse button to bring up the layer select box, and choose which layer you would like to place the track on. Flipping the Segment to a Lower Numbered Layer To flip the track segment from the current layer to the next lower numbered layer, select the track and then follow these steps: 1. Hold the Shift key down while you place the EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat on the track segment you want to flip to the next lower numbered layer. EMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-3. A track before the track segment is flipped. 2. Press the + or - key on the ten-key pad. WinBoard inserts a via at each end of the track segment and the track segment changes color to indicate it has moved to the next layer. To continue moving the segment to lower numbered layers, continue pressing -. The segment will continue changing layers until it wraps back around to the component side. 3. Unselect the track to complete the placement of the segment on the new layer. EMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-4. The same track as figure 4-3 after flipping a segment. Flipping the Segment to a Higher Numbered Layer To flip the track segment from the current layer to higher numbered layers, follow the steps in Flipping the Segment to a Lower Numbered Layer above and use + instead of - to change layers. If you continue pressing +, the segment will continue changing layers until it wraps back around to the solder side. The following table summarizes the different pointers used for editing, the action required to produce each pointer, and the use of each pointer. Editing SymbolXE "Editing symbols" \r "Editing_symbols" \bAction Required to Produce SymbolCommand DescriptionEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatMove the pointer near the selected track.Move objects: Place the pointing finger near the selected track. Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the track to its new location. Release the mouse button.Move the pointer near any vertex of a selected track. Drag a single vertex: Place the  pointer on the vertex of the selected track. Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the vertex to its new location. Release the mouse button. As you drag the vertex, the track segments on either side of the vertex are extended to maintain their original connectivity. Delete the single vertex: Place the  pointer on the vertex of the selected track and press the Del key or press the right mouse button.Move the pointer near a straight segment of selected track.Insert a new vertex into the track at the location of the scissors: Place the scissors on the track segment where you want the new vertex and click the left mouse button.Editing SymbolXE "Editing symbols" \r "Editing_symbols" \bAction Required to Produce SymbolCommand DescriptionPress and hold the Ctrl key while moving the pointer near a single selected track segment.Drag a single segment of track: Press and hold the Ctrl key while placing the symbol on the track segment to be moved and clicking the left mouse button. Then drag the segment to a new location and release the left mouse button. The track segments on both sides of the segment are extended to maintain the original connectivity.Press and hold the Shift key while moving the pointer near a single selected track segment and press -.Flip a single segment of track to the next lower numbered layer and insert a via: Press and hold the Shift key while placing the symbol on the track segment to be moved to another layer. Release the Shift key and press -. Repeatedly pressing - will continue to change layers until the solder side is reached. Unselect track to complete placement of segment on new layer.Press and hold the Shift key while moving the pointer near a single selected track segment and press +.Flip a single segment of track to the next higher numbered layer and insert a via: Press and hold the Shift key while placing the symbol on the track segment to be moved to another layer. Release the Shift key and press +. Repeatedly pressing + will continue to change layers until the component side is reached. Unselect track to complete placement of segment on new layer.Editing SymbolXE "Editing symbols" \r "Editing_symbols" \bAction Required to Produce SymbolCommand DescriptionPress and hold the Shift key while moving the pointer near the center segment of three adjacent track segments.Drag three adjacent track segments simultaneously: Press and hold the Shift key while placing the symbol on the center track segment and clicking the left mouse button. Then drag the three segments to a new location and release the left mouse button. The track segments on both sides of the segments being moved are extended to maintain the original connectivity.Press and hold the Shift and Ctrl Keys while moving the pointer near a track.Drag a whole track except for the beginning and ending points: Press and hold the Shift and Ctrl keys while placing the symbol anywhere on the track to move and clicking the left mouse button. Then drag the track to a new location and release the left mouse button. The beginning and ending track segments are extended to maintain the original connectivity.Editing ZonesXE "Editing Zones" \r "Editing_zones" \bXE "Zones:Editing" \r "Editing_zones" \b WinBoard provides powerful, flexible editing features that make it simple for you to edit zones. This section explains WinBoard's zone editing features. Routing Tracks Through ZonesXE "Zones:Routing Tracks Through" \b Use the same method to route or edit a track belonging to a different net through a zone as you would to route or edit any other track. After the track is completely routed or edited, select and unselect the zone to redraw the zone fill. The zone redraws the fill with the track isolated from the zone as shown in Figure 1-5. EMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-5. A zone with a track belonging to a different net. Selecting ZonesXE "Selecting Zones" \bXE "Zones:Selecting" \b When you select a zone, make sure you click on part of the actual zone fill. WinBoard fills zones with tracks. Depending on how dense you have made the zone fill, it may be helpful for you to zoom in on the zone so you can see where the zone fill tracks are before trying to select the zone. See figure 1-6. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 1-6. Zoom in close to select track filling the zone. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The smaller the zone grid size, the more time it takes WinBoard to select a zone. There may be a slight delay before the zone displays as a selected zone.Editing Zone ShapesXE "Editing Zone Shapes" \bXE "Zone Shapes:Editing" \b To edit the shape of a zone, you need only select the zone you want to change by clicking on the zone with the left mouse button, then use the same procedures to edit the zone outline as you would use to edit a track. To display the changes you have made to the shape of the zone, select the zone by clicking on it with the left mouse button, then unselect the zone by clicking on something other than the zone. WinBoard redraws the zone fill. For more information about how to edit tracks, refer to the Editing Tracks section above. Editing Zone CharacteristicsXE "Editing Zone Characteristics" \bXE "Zone Characteristics:Editing" \b You can edit zone characteristics such as zone grid size, line width, and thermal reliefs. To edit zone characteristics, follow these steps: 1. Double-click on the zone. The Zone dialog box displays. (Alternately, you can single-click on the zone, then press F3 for the Global Edit dialog box, then click on the Copper Zone button.) 2. Change the zone characteristics in the Zone dialog box and click OK. WinBoard displays the main WinBoard screen with the changes you have made. For more information about how to change the zone characteristics in the Zone dialog box, refer to Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. Editing object in a zone XE "Zone:de-select zone"  To select objects within a zone, first de-select the zone. This turns off XE "Zone:turn off for editing"  the zone without deleting it and makes it possible to select objects without selecting the zone. 1. In the Setup menu, choose Object Select. 2. In the Object Select dialog box, turn off Metal Zones. 3. Press OK and exit the dialog box. Now, the zone is not visible, but it is still there and you can easily click on objects to select and edit. Editing ObjectsXE "Editing Objects" \bXE "Objects:Editing" \b Editing any object other than a module is as simple as double-clicking on the object with the left mouse button and selecting the appropriate characteristics from a dialog box, then selecting OK. For example, if you want to change a dimensioning arrow from external to internal, follow these steps: 1. Place the pointer on the dimensioning arrow you want to change and double-click the left mouse button. The Dimensioning dialog box displays. 2. Click with the left mouse button on the Internal radio button and click OK. Rotating ObjectsXE "Rotating Objects" \bXE "Objects:Rotating" \b Before you try to rotate an object, make sure the rotation angle in the Setup dialog box has been set to the degrees you want to rotate objects. For information on setting the rotation angle, see the description of the Setup tool in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. To rotate an object around its reference point, follow these steps: 1. Select the object. 2. Rotate the objects clockwise by pressing the right arrow key, or counterclockwise by pressing the left arrow key. 3. Click with the left mouse button on no object to unselect the objects. To rotate a block of objects around the center of the block, use the same steps as for rotating an object around its reference point, but press Ctrl and the left or right arrow key simultaneously. Flipping ModulesXE "Flipping Modules" \bXE "Modules:Flipping" \b Modules can be flipped from the component side of the board to the solder side and vice versa. To flip a module or block of modules, follow these steps: 1. Make sure no tracks are routed to the module or modules that will be flipped. 2. Select the module or block of modules. 3. Flip the modules around the X axis by pressing the down arrow key. The down arrow key works as a toggle, repeatedly flipping the modules up and then down. 4. Flip the modules around the Y axis by pressing the up arrow key. The up arrow key works as a toggle, repeatedly flipping the modules left and then right. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Flipping an SMD module moves the module to the other side of the board.5. Click with the left mouse button on no object to unselect the modules. To flip a block of modules along the center of the block, use the same steps as for flipping an object around its grip point, but press Ctrl and the up or down arrow key simultaneously. Moving a Block XE "Moving a Block " \bXE "Blocks:Moving" \bof Objects from One Location to Another To move XE "dragging a block of objects " \ba block of objects from their current location to another location, follow these steps: 1. Select the block of objects. 2. Place the tip of the pointer finger somewhere within the selected block of objects. 3. Press and hold the left mouse button. 4. Drag the block to its new location and release the mouse button. The block of objects unselects itself. Move object to exact X,Y coordinates XE "Move object to exact X,Y coordinates"  Place the Reference Bookmark XE "Reference Bookmark"  on an object to move it using exact x,y coordinates. Example: Select the Reference Bookmark and place the bookmark on a track vertex. Select the track using the block command. Notice that the x,y coordinates turn RED rather than their usual black. Grab the block anywhere using the hand cursor. The coordinates will only display the location of the Reference Bookmark no matter where you grab the block. Move the object to the exact x,y coordinate. Editing Pad XE "Pad Stack tool" \r "padstacktool" \bStacks WinBoard allows differently shaped pads for Top, Internal, and Bottom layers of the PC board by using pad stacks. Pad stacks XE "Pad stacks" \bare used to define all pads. Each pad stack consists of one drill dimensionfor through padsand a stack of pad shapes. When available routing space is at a minimum, you can free up more room for routing by changing the size or shape of single pads on the layers needing more room. Use the Pad Stack Library XE "Pad Stack tool" \bto change or edit pad stacks. The Pad Stack Library dialog box is shown below :  Figure 1-7. Pad Stack dialog box. Use Pad Stack Library to load or edit pad stacks that have been previously defined and saved, and to save pad stacks that you want to save for future use. Selecting a Pad Stack to Edit To edit a pad stack, use your mouse to double-click on a module's pad. The Pad Stack Library dialog box displays. To select an SMD pad, the current layer must be the same layer as the module. Editing Pad Shapes XE "Pad Shapes:editing pad shapes"  To add a pad shape to the pad stack follow these steps: 1. Set the Width, Height, Offset, and Orientation parameters in the Shape section of the dialog box. 2. Select Oval or Rect. 3. Select layer options: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For SMD pads, use either Copper or Paste, or both. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For through pads, use Top, Internal, or Bottom, or any combination. 4. Click Add in the Shape section of the dialog box. The new shape is added to the stack along with the pad's description in the list box in the center of the dialog box. To Edit a pad shape in an existing pad stack follow these steps: 1. Change the Width, Height, Offset, and Orientation parameters in the Shape section of the dialog box. 2. Select Oval or Rect. 3. Select layer options: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For SMD pads, use either Copper or Paste, or both. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For through pads, use Top, Internal, or Bottom, or any combination. 4. Click Edit in the Shape section of the dialog box. The edited shape is listed with the pad's modified description in the list box in the center of the dialog box. To Delete a pad shape in an existing pad stack follow these steps: 1. Click on a the pad shape to delete in the list box in the center of the Pad Stack Library dialog box. The selected shape becomes highlighted in the list box and displays in the Shape view box. 2. Click Del in the Shape section of the dialog box to delete the shape. The shape is removed from the list box. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Use the Z+ and Z- buttons to zoom in and out of the Shape and Stack viewing windows.Creating a New Pad Stack XE "Pad Shapes:creating"  To create a new pad stack XE "Pad Stack:create new" , first give the pad stack a name as follows: 1. Enter a new pad stack name in the Board Pad Stack List box. 2. Click New in the Stack section. Now enter a new shape in the Shape section of the dialog box as follows: 1. Set the Width, Height, Offset, and Orientation parameters in the Shape section of the dialog box. 2. Select Oval or Rect. 3. Select layer options: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For SMD pads, use either Copper or Paste, or both. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h For through pads, use Top, Internal, or Bottom, or any combination. 4. Click Add in the Shape section of the dialog box. The new shape is added to the stack along with the pad's description in the list box in the center of the dialog box. 5. To create an SMD pad, place an X in the Smd box in the Stack section of the dialog box. To create through pads, click in the Smd box to remove the X and select the drill hole size in the box directly below the Smd box. 6. Continue to add new shapes until the stack is complete. Editing the Drill Hole Size XE "Editing the Drill Hole Size"  Use Edit XE "Pad Stack:edit drill hole"  in the Stack section of the dialog box to edit the drill hole in through pads as follows: 1. Double-click a through pad on the board. 2. Change the Drill size in the box in the Stack section of the dialog box. 3. Click Edit in the Stack section of the dialog box. The through pad changes to the selected drill setting. 4. Click Assign to replace the pads on the board. Deleting a Pad Stack XE "Deleting a Pad Stack"  To delete a pad stack, follow these steps: 1. Click on a pad stack in the Board Pad Stack List box. 2. Click Del. The pad stack is deleted. WinBoard will not delete a pad stack that is in use. If you try to delete a pad stack that is in use, WinBoard displays an error message. Assign a Pad Stack to a Pad Use Assign to assign a new pad shape to a pad stack. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you are editing a pad on the board, Assign replaces all similar pads with the edited pad stack. If you want to change only one pad, create a new pad stack, then click Assign.Use Cancel to exit the Pad Stack Library dialog box without saving any changes and return to the main WinBoard screen. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Undo XE "Undo"  EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatThe Undo tool button is shown at left. When the Undo button is active, you can undo commands by clicking once on the button. You can use Undo to:SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Undelete objects SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Undo moves Chapter 2: Reference This chapter describes the WinBoard menus and toolbar XE "toolbar " \bbuttons. Menus are listed in the order they display when WinBoard is running. Descriptions of the toolbar buttons are organized alphabetically. MenusXE "Menus" \r "menus" \b WinBoard uses eight pull-down menus: File, Edit, Place, Tools, CAM, Utilities, Window, and Help. This section explains how each menu works. File There are two different File pull-down menus, depending on whether you already have at least one board file open, or you are opening a single board file.XE "File" \r "filemenu" \b EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatWhen you are opening a single board file, File contains the menu selections shown in the File pull-down menu at left. Select New Board XE "New Board " \bto start a new board file. The New Board dialog box contains these options: Number of layersXE "Number of layers" \b, Layer EditXE "Layer Names" \b, Design RulesXE "Design Rules" \b, and SetupXE "Setup" \b. For more information about setting the New Board options, see Running WinBoard in Chapter 2: Getting Started with WinBoard, and Design Rules and Setup in the Toolbar section of this chapter.Select Load Netlist XE "New Netlist" \bXE "Netlist:New" \bto load a netlist XE "Loading a netlist" \bXE "netlist:loading" \binto a board file for the first time. Refer to Loading Netlists just after the File menu description for more information about how to load a netlist. Select Load Board File XE "Load Board File" \bto load an existing WinBoard board file. Select Module Edit to load the module editor. Select Exit to exit from WinBoard. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformatWhen you already have at least one board file open, File contains the menu selections shown in the File pull-down menu at left. Select New Board XE "New Board " \bto start a new board file. The New Board dialog box contains these options: Number of layersXE "Number of layers" \b, Layer EditXE "Layer Names" \b, Design RulesXE "Design Rules" \b, and SetupXE "Setup" \b. For more information about setting the New Board options, see Running WinBoard in the Getting Started Guide, and Design Rules and Setup in the Toolbar section of this chapter.Select New Netlist XE "New Netlist" \bXE "Netlist:New" \bto load a netlist XE "Loading a netlist" \bXE "netlist:loading" \binto a board file for the first time. For more information about how to load a netlist, refer to Loading Netlists, immediately following the File menu description. Update Netlist XE "Update Netlist"  provides forward annotation XE "forward annotation"  to update existing net and module characteristics from the schematic. For information about how to load a netlist, refer to Loading Netlists, immediately following the File menu description. Select Load Board File XE "Load Board File" \bto load an existing WinBoard board file. Select Load Template XE "Load Template" \bXE "Template: loading" \bto load an existing template file into a WinBoard board file. Select Save Board FileXE "Save Board File" \b to save the WinBoard board file on which you have been working. Save Board File works similarly to the Save option in other Windows-based applications. Select Save Board File as...XE "Save Board File as..." \b to give a WinBoard board file a new name while saving the board file. Save Board File as... works similarly to the Save As option in other Windows-based applications. Select Save Template XE "Save Template" \bXE "Template:saving" \bto save all of the current WinBoard settings into a template file. For more information about templates, refer to Chapter 2. Select Module Edit to load the module editor. Refer to Chapter 3: Using Module Libraries. Select Close to close the current file. Select Print to print or plot various layers of your board file. For more information about printing and plotting, refer to Printing and Plotting, later in this chapter. Select Exit to leave the programXE "Exit " \bto lto to. Loading NetlistsXE "Loading Netlists" \r "netlistload" \bXE "Netlists:Loading" \r "netlistload" \b WinBoard has an advanced netlist loading interface that loads netlists from various schematic and manually or automatically assigns module names to the parts. To load the netlist, follow these steps: 1. In the File pull-down menu, click on either Load Netlist or New Netlist, depending on which File menu displays. If you are opening a single board file, the New Board dialog box displays as shown below :  Figure 2-1. The New BoardXE "New Board" \b dialog box. 2. Click OK to accept your changes to the New Board dialog box. The Load New NetlistXE "Load New Netlist" \b dialog box displays as shown below :  Figure 2-2. The Load New Netlist dialog box. 3. Select the directory from which you would like the file loaded and the file you want loaded and click OK. The netlist loader tries to detect the format that was used to create the netlist you have chosen. The netlist loader will find one of the following possibilities and act accordingly: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h If the netlist is already in WinBoard format, the netlist loader begins checking the netlist file for syntax errors. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h If the netlist is in a format other than WinBoard, the Convert Net FileXE "Convert Net File" \b dialog box displays as shown below. The highlighted format is the format from which WinBoard will convert the netlist. If the highlighted format is acceptable to you, click OK.  Figure 2-3. Convert Net File dialog box. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h If WinBoard cannot recognize the format of your netlist file, it will show the netlist format as unknown. If you are sure the netlist format you tried to load is one of the supported netlist formats, click on the correct netlist format and click OK. When you click OK, the netlist loader begins checking the netlist file for syntax errors. The netlist loader warns you when there is an error and displays the line number where the problem was identified. Some netlists require both a net file and a component file. If more than one file is required, the netlist loader asks you to specify the component file name in a standard Windows Open File dialog box. When the netlist is successfully converted, the Netlist Module SelectionXE "Library Part Selection" \b dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-4. The Netlist Module Selection dialog box. The last list box in the Netlist Module Selection dialog box, referred to as the Netlist Part Information list box, lists each part in the netlist and characterizes each part from left to right by: Part Reference, Part Value, Module Name, Library Name, Group Name, and Layer Name. 5. Scroll through the Netlist Part Information list box. If all of the modules look correct, click OK. WinBoard marks all the modules that have incorrect module or module library names with an asterisk (*) in the far left column of the Netlist Part Information list box. The netlist loader finishes loading the netlist by placing the modules on the board file, writes out a stuff file with the .STF fileXE ".STF file" \b extension, and updates the original netlist. If your netlist was created with a netlist creation package for which WinBoard supports automatic stuff backXE "automatic stuff back" \b, the information from the .STF file is also stuffed back into the schematic. This is how automatic stuff back works: WinBoard first checks to see if the netlist is a format that supports automatic stuff back. If automatic stuff back is supported for your netlist, the netlist loader prompts you for the root sheet of the design you would like the module information merged back into. You can use the suggested file name or use another file name, then click OK. After the netlist loader finishes stuffing the information back into the worksheet, it starts loading the modules into the WinBoard file. If the schematic from which the netlist was generated was created with a schematic creation package that does NOT support stuff back, but the package allows the information to be entered into the schematic package, the WinBoard does the following: WinBoard checks to see if the schematic creation package supports a module WAS_IS fileXE "WAS_IS file" \b. If a WAS_IS file is supported, WinBoard generates a WAS_IS file in the format you select from a dialog box. If the schematic creation package fails to support a module WAS_IS file, WinBoard generates a WinBoard general WAS_IS file. After the WAS_IS file is generated, the netlist loader starts loading the modules into the WinBoard file. Anytime the netlist loader needs to overwrite a current file, you are asked if the netlister should overwrite the already existing file. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"CAUTION: For some netlist formats, the stuff back process accesses the sheet files in binary format. If this process in some way failsbecause of incompatible sheet formatsthe sheet database could be destroyed. We have tried to avoid a situation like this. However, since we cannot control the schematic editing packages, we cannot guarantee that your files will be protected. To make sure you can always recreate your sheet files, the stuff process creates a *.BAK file for each of the schematic files to which data is written.Changing Module or Library Names If you want to change the module name or the library name of any of the modules in the Netlist Part Information list box, you need to use some of the features defined below: Use Assign Item AutoXE "Assign Item Auto" \b to have WinBoard automatically perform the following steps: 1. Assign library file names to those modules that have module names, but no library names. 2. Try to match Part Values from the center list boxreferred to as the Module Stuff List boxXE "Stuff List box" \bwith Part Values in the Netlist Part Information list box which are without module or library names. If a match is found, the corresponding module and library names from the Module Stuff List box are stuffed into the appropriate line of the Netlist Part Information list boxXE "Netlist list box" \b. When Assign Item Auto has assigned a module or library name to a part in the Netlist Part Information list box, it changes the status from an asteriskunassigned, or incorrectly assignedto a + to indicate the module has changed during the net load session. An option in the Netlist Module Selection dialog box to Keep Package XE "Keep Package"  is available. Check the box to use the package (module footprint) assigned in the schematic netlist when using the Auto button. Remove the check from the box and the Auto button will automatically replace the package with the new selection to all parts with the same part value.  Use Assign Item ManualXE "Assign Item Manual" \b to manually assign module and library names from the Netlist Edit boxthe one line box directly above the Netlist Part Information list boxXE "Netlist list box" \bto parts in the Netlist Part Information list box. You can change the content of the Netlist Edit box three ways: 1. Click on the line you want to change in the Netlist Part Information list box to put a copy into the Netlist Edit box. Then, edit the module name or the library name. 2. Click on the line in the Module Stuff List boxXE "Stuff List box" \b that contains the module name and library name you want to add to the module name and library name boxes in the Netlist Edit box. 3. Click on the line in the Module Libraries list boxthe top list boxthat contains the module name and library name you would like copied to the Netlist Edit boxXE "Netlist Editor text box" \b. After you change a module with Assign Item Manual in the Netlist Part Information list box, the part is added to the module stuff list. When you run Assign Item Auto again, it automatically assigns the same changes to any other parts with the same part value. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you try to assign invalid names, a warning message will display and WinBoard will fail to assign the names.Use LibrariesXE "Libraries" \b to view modules before adding them to the netlist. You can view a particular module from the Module Libraries list boxXE "Libraries list box" \b by double clicking on the name of the module you want to view. Or you can click once on the Libraries button. The Select Library Module dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-5. The Select Library Module dialog box. Use the list boxes in the Select Library Module dialog box to select the library and module you want to view. To copy the module name and library name of a particular module into the Netlist Part Information list boxXE "Netlist list box" \b, click Select. To leave the Select Library Module dialog box without copying anything, click Cancel. Use Module Stuff List Load FileXE "Stuff List Load File" \b to load a .STF fileXE ".STF file" \b into the Module Stuff List box. When you click on Load File, the Open File dialog box displays. Select the file name you want loaded and click OK. WinBoard loads the specified .STF file into the Module Stuff List box. Use Module Stuff List Add ItemXE "Stuff List Add Item" \b to add the current Part Value, Module Name, and Library Name from the Netlist Edit box to the Module Stuff List box. Use Module Stuff List Delete ItemXE "Stuff List Delete Item" \b to remove the current line from the Module Stuff List box. Use Show First un/re-assignedXE "First" \b to highlight and display the first part in the Netlist Part Information list boxXE "Netlist list box" \b that is either unassigned or has invalid module information. Use OK to tell the netlist loader to finish loading the netlist. The netlist loader places the modules on the board file, writes out a stuff file with the .STF fileXE ".STF file" \b extension, and updates the original netlist. If your netlist was created with a netlist creation package for which WinBoard supports automatic stuff back, the information from the .STF file is also stuffed back into the schematic. Anytime the netlist loader needs to overwrite a current file, you are asked if the netlister should overwrite the already existing file. Use Cancel to exit out of the netlist loading process. To protect your work from being lost, a dialog box displays to make sure that you really want to stop loading the netlist. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Update Netlist  Update Netlist XE "Update Netlist"  is used to change modules or connections on a board using an updated netlist file. The Philosophy: For proper documentation, it is suggested that changes are done on the schematics. A board is not a documentation of a product -- it is the output. Therefore, we suggest that changes should be made on the schematic and then used to update the board file. This process is often referred to as Forward Annotation XE "Forward Annotation" . Update Netlist may be used for the following items: Delete parts (no longer used) on the schematic. Add parts (new ) to the schematic. Delete nets or connections. Add nets or connections. Change References. Change Part Value. Change Modules. How Update Netlist works: Each part placed on the schematic is assigned a unique identification called a Time Stamp XE "Time Stamp" . A Time Stamp is added automatically by the schematic program such as WinDraft. This Time Stamp is used to identify changes between the existing board and the updated schematic (using the updated netlist). SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: If you are not using WinDraft (or a schematic program that generates a time stamp) we suggest that you run an Annotation program to check for duplicate references. The program can use the Reference Designator for many of the functions instead of the Time Stamp.Example 1: Delete a part. If a part is deleted on the schematic, the time stamp associated with that part no longer exists. Therefore, when you update the netlist it will remove the module associated with that time stamp. This will occur even if a new part was added to the schematic to replace the deleted one because it has a new time stamp. Example 2: Change the part value. Edit the part value in the schematic without deleting or replacing the part. This will keep the same time stamp. Therefore, when you update the netlist the program will recognize the new part value for the time stamp and change the board without deleting the module. The Process Follow these steps to use Update Netlist: Make the changes on the schematic and generate a new netlist. Load the board file. Select File from the menu, then select Update Netlist. Select the new netlist in the file seletion dialog box, then click OK.  Figure 2-6 :The Update Netlist dialog box. Choose the netlist format in the Convert Net File dialog box. Select the update mode in the Netlist Update Mode dialog box. The choices are Time Stamp and Package Designator XE "Package Designator" . Click Package Designator if you want to use the modules Reference Designator XE "Reference Designator" . We recommend that you only use the Time Stamp on an Ivex or WinBoard netlist. Press OK.  Figure 2-7 : Netlist Update Mode The Netlist Module Selection dialog box opens. Verify the module selection and library used in this dialog box before proceding. Make sure that each part has a module footprint assigned. If no footprint is assigned, an asterisk * will appear next to the item.  Figure 2-8 : The Netlist Module Selection dialog box An option in the Netlist Module Selection dialog box to Keep Package XE "Keep Package"  is available. Check the box to use the package (module footprint) assigned in the schematic netlist when using the Auto button. Remove the check from the box and the Auto button will automatically replace the package with the new selection to all parts with the same part value.  Press OK when all module footprints are correctly assigned to load or update the netlist. The program loads the netlist and then updates the board according to the changes made in the schematic. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: Refer to the load netlist section for detailed instructions on using this function.Summary of Changes with Update Netlist and their results: Change made:Result:Deleted parts:These are removed from the board.Deleted parts with tracks:The module and the tracks associated with the deleted module are removed from the board.New parts:These are placed outside the board outline.Changed Part Ref and Part ValueThese values are updated on the board using the existing module.Printing XE "Printing " \r "printplot" \band PlottingXE "Plotting" \r "printplot" \b WinBoard uses the standard printer and plotter drivers available for Windows. Unless you specify otherwise, WinBoard prints to the Windows default printer. When you select Print from the File menu, a Print/Plot dialog box displays as shown below.  Figure 2-9. The Print/Plot dialog box. Use Correction X to adjust the aspect ratio in the X direction. Enter a number between 0.001 and 2.000. The default is 1 for a one to one aspect ratio. Use Correction Y to adjust the aspect ratio in the Y direction. Enter a number between 0.001 and 2.000. The default is 1 for a one to one aspect ratio. Use Scale to specify the scale you want the board file printed or plotted in. Any scale between 0.1 and 10.0 is acceptable. WinBoard's printing and plotting default scale is 1.0. Use Mirror X to mirror the board in the horizontal axis. Check Mirror X to mirror the board in the horizontal axis. Use Mirror Y to mirror the board in the vertical axis. Check Mirror Y to mirror the board in the vertical axis. Use Offset X to specify the number of millimeters or inchesdepending on the units you have WinBoard set to in the Setup toolyou would like to offset the plot in the horizontal axis. A positive decimal number from 0.1 to 16.0 is acceptable. The WinBoard default is zero. Use Offset Y to specify the number of millimeters or inchesdepending on the units you have WinBoard set to in the Setup toolyou would like the plot offset in the vertical axis. A positive decimal number from 0.1 to 16.0 is acceptable. The WinBoard default is zero. Use Color to print in color if you are using a color printer. Preview will also display the plot or print in color if this box is checked. Use Preview XE "Preview"  to view the board before printing. This is very useful if you make adjustments to the scale. You may need to adjust the X or Y offset to fit the board on the paper, or change the paper orientation to landscape. For more information about changing the paper orientation, refer to Setup below. Use Close to exit the Print/Plot dialog box without printing or plotting anything. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Plot to accept any changes to the Print/Plot dialog box and photo plot the board. Use Setup to set the options of the printer, plotter, or Gerber photo plotter. The Setup dialog box for printing and plotting is a standard Windows printer dialog box. Use the Setup dialog box to change the printer to a landscape or portrait setting. Check your Windows documentation for more information about setting up printers and plotters. The Gerber Setup dialog box is explained in the CAM section later in this chapter. Use Template Save XE "Template Save" \bto save settings that you want to save for future use. Use Object Selection to select the objects on each layer to be printed or plotted. For more information about how Object Selection works, refer to Object Selection below. Use Layer Selection to select the objects on each layer to be printed or plotted. For more information about how Layer Selection works, refer to Layer Selection below. Object Selection The Object Selection XE "Object Selection"  dialog box is shown below. The Object Selection dialog box is used for selecting what to print or plot as well as for Gerber photo plotting. For information about photo plotting, refer to the CAM menu explanation later in this chapter.  Figure 2-10. The Object Selection dialog box. Use All to select all objectspads, tracks, text, zones, and objectsto print. Use None to prevent any objectspads, tracks, text, zones, and objectsfrom printing. Check any of the Pads items listed below that you want to have printed or plotted: ThroughPrint or plot through hole pads.SMDPrint or plot SMD pads.Check any of the Tracks items listed below that you want to have printed or plotted: TrackPrints or plots all standard tracks on the layer.ViaPrints or plots any via on the layerincluding through, buried, and blind vias that end on or pass through the layer.OutlinePrints or plots outlines for modules on the silk screen layer.EdgePrints or plots the board edge. Edge is mostly used for generating Cut Out Data for NC Drill machines, or for documentation purposes.Check any of the Text items listed below that you want to have printed or plotted: CopperPrint or plot copper text. Copper text may be selected on all copper layers. SilkPrint or plot the silk screen text.CommentPrint or plot comment text. This is used for documentation purposes.ReferencePrint or Plot module reference text.ValuePrint or Plot module value text.Check any of the Zones items listed below that you want to have printed or plotted: MetalPrint or plot Metal zones.No MetalPrint or plot No Metal zones.No ViaPrint or plot No Via zones.No ModulePrint or plot No Module zones.Check any of the Objects items listed below that you want to have printed or plotted: AdhesivePrint or plot adhesives.DimensionPrint or plot dimensioning.MountingPrint or plot mounting holes.Pass MarkPrint or plot pass marks. Pass marks are mostly used on multi-layer boards to identify the layer.TargetPrint or plot targets. These are normally printed or plotted on every layerBook MarkPrint or plot book marks.Grip PointPrint or plot the grip point.Smd PastePrint or plot smd paste.Density MapPrints density map and histogram if visableUse OK, after you have selected the objects to print or plot, to return to the Print/Plot dialog box. Use Cancel to exit the Object Selection dialog box without saving any changes and display the Print/Plot dialog box. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Other options include the following: Selected LayerContents of the Selected LayerCopperThe copper on any selected layer.Silk The silk screen for either side of the board file.Smd Paste XE "Smd Paste" The paste locations for SMD pads for the selected layer.AdhesiveThe glue mark for SMD componentsDrill A drill drawing with separate symbols for each drill hole size on the board.Sold. Mask XE "Sold. Mask" The solder mask for either side of the board file. Click on the Sold. Mask button and then type in the value in the box below the button. For example : select Sold. Mask and enter the value 6, this will place a 6 mil solder mask around each pad.Layer Selection The Layer Selection XE "Layer Selection"  dialog box is shown in the next figure. The Layer Selection dialog box is used for selecting the layers to print or plot.  Figure 2-11. The Layer Selection dialog box. Put a check next to the layer or layers you want to print or plot. The boxes between Component and Solder are for selecting internal layers. The internal layer selection check boxes are blank if the corresponding layer does not exist. WinBoard does NOT allow an X to be placed in a check box for a non-existing layer. Use OK, after you have selected the objects to print or plot, to return to the Print/Plot dialog box. Use Cancel to exit the Print/Plot Layer Selection dialog box without saving any changes and display the Print/Plot dialog box. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Edit Edit contains the menu selections in the Edit pull-down menu XE "Edit menu " \bat left. To cut or copy an object, select the object and click with the left mouse button on Cut XE "cut " \bor Copy. You may also use the Windows shortcut keys Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, and Ctrl V. Delete removes the selected object, you may also use the Delete key on the keyboard. Select All XE "Select All"  may be used to select all objects on the board. Find Module, Global Edit, and Edit Netlist are explained later in this chapter under Toolbars.Objects can be selected XE "selecting objects" \b3 ways: 1. By clicking on the object with the left mouse button. 2. By surrounding an object or a group of objects with a block. 3. By clicking an object while holding down the Ctrl key. This enables you to select more than one object at a time. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Clicking again on another object or on no object unselects all selected objects.To paste an object that has already been copied to the clipboard: First, unselect the object copied to the clipboard by clicking on a blank area. Click with the left mouse button on Paste XE "paste " \bin the menu. The object displays on the screen and is still selected. To drag the pasted object to the correct location, press the left mouse button and hold it while dragging the pointer to the appropriate location. Release the mouse button. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You may also use the standard Windows commands: Ctrl+X to Cut, Ctrl+C to Copy and Ctrl+V to Paste..Place EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatPlace contains the menu selections shown in the Place pull-down menu XE "Place menu " \bat left. When you select an item on the Place pull-down menu, the dialog box for the selected tool displays. Refer to Toolbars later in this chapter for information about the dialog box for a particular tool. After you click OK in any tool dialog box, WinBoard enters autopan modeXE "autopan mode" \b. This means that the view on the screen pans as you move the pointer. To escape from the Place mode, press Esc or click the right mouse button once.Tools Tools contains the menu selections shown in the Tools pull-down menu XE "Place menu " \bat left. When you select an item on the Tools pull-down menu, the dialog box for the selected tool displays.Setup Use Setup to configure object rotation, Object Selection, Color Selection, Environment and more. Refer to Toolbars later in this chapter for information about Setup. Density Map XE "Density Map"  Density Maps and Histograms use various color shadings to indicate areas of the board with the greatest concentration of potential routes. The user can then move modules to allow more room for routing. While moving the modules, WinBoard recalculates and moves the ratsnest and force vector associated with a module as it is repositioned. Using the ratsnest as a guide, the designer may rotate and move the modules to the optimal position. With the total sum of the ratsnest, the user can optimize the board by placing the modules with the least sum total. All of these items are designed to assist with placement. To use Density Maps, first compile the netlist. Then, choose Tools | Density Maps from the WinBoard menu or press the I key on the keyboard. This will load the Routing Density dialog box as follows:  Figure 2-12. The Routing Density dialog box. Use Mapping XE "Density Map:mapping"  to select the layers and grid size. Place an X in the appropriate layer box to show a density map for odd number layers (1,3,5...) or even number layers (2,4,6...) or both. The default Grid Size is 25 mils. The smaller the grid size, the longer it will take to calculate the density map for the board. Likewise, the more you zoom out to view a larger board, the larger the grid size will need to be in order to be visable. In order to view the density map for a larger board, it may necessary to select a grid size such as 50 mils or more. Use the Top Layer Preferred Routing XE "Density Map:preferred routing"  to select either horizontal or vertical. If you plan to route the top layer horizontally, select horizontal to compute the density map with horizontal routing preferred on the top layer. Use Histograms Only XE "Density Map:histograms only"  to view the histogram without viewing the density map. The Spread option is for future use. When implemented, it will allow density map calculations if routing is allowed outside the rectangle (see description of density map below). Use the Routing Density Color Code to select the color pattern you wish to use to show various densities on the board. The default colors start at black for zero percent and go from shades of dark gray to light gray to white at 100 percent. Click on the box marked Alternate Color for a second choice of colors. The default selection for Alternate color is black for everything less than 100 percent. To change any color, click on the density gradient with the left mouse button. This will open a color dialog box. Click again with the left mouse on the desired color and press OK to make the change. You may save the color selections by using the Template Save button. Press OK to display the density map and histogram on the board file. Press Cancel to remove the density map and/or histogram from the board file. Use Template Save to save the settings such as new color selections. Description XE "Density Map:description"  The percentages refer to the total required track width and pad size at any given interval divided by the size of the interval. The interval is equal to the grid size. The density area is in reality a rectangle with the height equal to the chosen grid size. For each grid increment, there is a certain probability that a given track would cross, this probability equals the width of the track divided by the horizontal dimension of that enclosing rectangle. A pad would always occupy its space with a 100 percent probability. The probability is defined as: (track width + isolation)/(grid size/layers) So, the density map itself depends on the preferred routing (vertical or horizontal) given to each layer. A probability refers only to the grid size. The board would be unroutable only if the average probability on every cell of the horizontal or vertical crossing lines would exceed 100 percent over a large portion of the board. Examples XE "Density Map:examples"  In the example below, one net is represented on a 2 layer board. The shading is medium gray representing 50 percent. If the density map were calculated for only even layers, then this line would be white or 100 percent because you would not route on the solder layer.  EMBED Word.Picture.6  Figure 2-13. Example 1. Continuing the example above, add another net connecting the other two pads and rotate one of the capacitors about 15 degrees. Notice that the area representing the path of the farthest two pads is medium gray, however now the overlapping area representing the path now occupied by two possible nets is white because there is a 100 percent probability of a track in this area.  Figure 2-14. Example 2. Add a few more modules and nets to the example. Now the area at the very center where all the paths cross turns to yellow, representing 120 percent density. (In the printed black and white manual, this center area where the arrow points shows as gray, but you can try this example for yourself and see the color change.) This area represented by the yellow density map is a potentially difficult area to route.  Figure 2-15. Example 3. Histograms XE "Histograms"  XE "Density Map:histograms"  The histograms display dense areas on the board represented by the color and height of the bar associated with a certain grid. Each histogram bar corresponds to the sum of all routing probabilities of the corresponding board cross section, divided by the cross section size. The size is the number of grid increments. The light colors (almost white) on the histogram below represents potentially difficult grid areas on the board to route.  Figure 2-16. Histogram. The density map and histogram may also be printed. In the Print | Object Selection dialog box, click on Density Map. Use the Preview feature to make sure you choose an appropriate scale. For more information, refer to the section in the manual on printing. AutoPlace This is a grayed out option and is not avialable with this version of WinBoard. Netlist Refer to Toolbars later in this chapter for information about Netlist. DRC Refer to Toolbars later in this chapter for information about DRC. CAM EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatCAM contains the menu selections shown in the CAM pull-down menu XE "CAM menu" \bat left. Pen Plot XE "Pen Plot"  Use Pen Plot to plot your layout on a pen plotter. Refer to Printing and Plotting earlier in this chapter for more information about plotting. To plot, you must have a Windows plotter driver configured. In the Windows Program Manager, select Control Panel. In Control Panel select Printers. Press Install and scroll through the list of drivers, then select the driver and press Add. You may need your Windows diskettes to install the driver. If the driver you need is not listed, contact the manufacturer of your plotter and demand they send one to you immediately. For more information on installing printer and plotter drivers refer to your Windows user manual. Photo PlotXE "Photo Plot" \b Photo Plot XE "Photo Plot " \r "photoplot" \bproduces Gerber XE "Gerber"  photo plot files for production of the PC board. When you select Photo Plot from the CAM menu, the Print/Plot dialog box displays. With the exception of Setup and Plot, all the settings in the Print/Plot dialog box work the same for Photo Plot as for other types of printing and plotting. For more information about Print/Plot dialog box settings other than Setup and Print, refer to Printing and Plotting earlier in this chapter.  Figure 2-17 : The Print/Plot dialog box. When you click Setup in the Print/Plot dialog box, the Gerber Setup dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-18 : The Gerber Setup dialog box. Use Format to specify the plot format. RS-274-D XE "RS-274-D"  is the old Gerber format and requires a separate aperture table. Refer to Tool Set later in this section for details generating an aperture list. Select RS-274-X XE "RS-274-X"  to generate the newer Gerber format that includes the aperture list. RS-274-X is usually the recommended format, if your vendor does not use this, ask them why not. Some advantages for using the 274-X Standard: You do not have to manage two files, a Gerber and a D-Code file. It is not limited to 24 or 99 apertures as 274-D. Pads may be rotated at any angle while 274-D only supports 90 degrees. Use Film Size to select the film size. Use Units to set the output units to inches or millimeters. Use Coordinates to set the output coordinates to absolute or incremental mode. Use Zero to set Gerber photo plotting to omit trailing zeros or leading zeros, to omit both trailing and leading zeros, or to include zeros. Check Leading to omit leading zeros. Check Trailing to omit trailing zeros. Use Nb Digits m to set the number of digits before the decimal point. Use Nb Decimals n to set the number of digits after the decimal point. Use End Of Block to set the end of block string. Check Add CR/LF to use carriage returns with line feeds in the output file. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Check with your plotting service or film maker to get the correct parameters for their equipment. Use Auto in the Tool Set box to automatically generate an aperture list from the current board. Use Load in the Tool Set XE "Tool Set"  box to load the aperture list from a file. For more information about Tool Set definitions, refer to Custom Gerber Tool Set Definitions below. Use Save in the Tool Set box to save the generated aperture list to a file. Use the Aperture Table XE "Aperture Table"  list box to view the existing aperture parameters. The aperture parameters are defined as follows: Code The D-Code for the aperture Shape The shape of the aperture: C for Circle aperture R for Rectangle aperture X Diameter of the aperture in the X direction Y Diameter of the aperture in the Y direction Orient The rotation of the aperture Mode Mode or method of flash: D for Draw F for Flash B for Both When you click Plot in the Gerber Setup dialog box, the Save Gerber File dialog box displays. Enter a file name under which you want your Gerber photo plot file saved, select the appropriate directory, and click OK.  Figure 2-19 : Save Gerber Plot File Use Cancel to ignore any changes you have made to the settings, and display the Print/Plot dialog box. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Instructions on using Gerber Select CAM then Photo Plot from the menu. This opens the Print/Plot dialog box. Select Objects and choose the desired objects. Press Ok to return to the Print/Plot dialog box. Select Layer to open the layer selection dialog box. A separate Gerber file must be generated for each layer. Choose the desired layer and press Ok.. After selecting the layer and objects, press Setup. This opens the Gerber Setup dialog box. Select the appropriate settings. Use the format RS-274-X to generate a Gerber file with the aperture included. When the appropriate setting have been entered, press Plot. Enter the output file name and press OK. Repeat steps 2 through 6 to generate a Gerber file for each layer. Use a new file name such as layer1.ger, layer2.ger or solder.ger, comp.ger. Custom Gerber Tool Set Definitions You can create your own custom Gerber tool set definitions in an ASCII text file. This section explains how. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The custom Gerber tool set file must use the same type of parameters and in the same order as those used in the Aperture Table list box.The first four lines of all custom Gerber tool set files must be in the following format: Line 1: Ivex; Line 2: Unit: mm or mil; Line 3: m:8; n:3; Where: m is the number of digits before the decimal point and n is the number of digits after the decimal point. Line 4 and following are aperture definitions. Figure 5-11 shows an example custom Gerber tool set file. Ivex Unit: mil; m:3;n:2; D10 C 55 55 F; D11 R 35 25 F; D12 C 25 25 D; D13 C 60 60 B; Figure 2-20. An example custom Gerber tool set file. NC Drill Use NC DrillXE "NC Drill" \r "ncdrill" \b to automatically produce excellon NC Drill files for through holes and blind and buried vias for specific layer pairs. NC Drill generates NC Drill files used to drill the PC board during the manufacturing process. NC Drill groups pads into through holes, blind vias, and buried vias. Blind vias and buried vias are then separated further into layer pairs by via type. For example, if blind vias reside on layer pair 1 and 2, and layer pair 5 and 6, two drill files are created for all the blind vias. If buried vias exist, drill files are created by layer pairs in the same way drill files are created for blind vias. Each drill file produced by NC Drill uses the file name specified by you, with the following file name extensions: .DRLXE ".DRL file extension" \bThis file lists the date the file was created, the version of WinBoard used to create the file, the name of the output file, the names of all the drill files produced for the current board, the drill tools needed to drill the board during manufacturing, the drill count for each file, and the tool size and layer pairs for each drill file..THXE ".TH file extension" \bThis file lists all of the through holes on the board file..L?XE ".L$ file extension" \bThis file lists all blind vias for a layer pair. A separate file is generated for each layer pair that contains blind vias. The ? denotes the sequential number for each report. For example, for a board file that has blind vias on layers 1 and 2, and on layers 5 and 6, NC Drill generates files with the following file extensions: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .L1This file lists the blind vias on layer pair 1, 2. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .L2This file lists the blind vias on layer pair 5, 6..U?XE ".U$ file extension" \bThis file lists all buried vias for a layer pair. A separate file is generated for each layer pair that contains buried vias. The ? denotes the sequential number for each report. For example, for a board file that has buried vias on layers 2 and 3, and layers 4 and 5, NC Drill generates files with the following file extensions: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .U1This file lists the buried vias on layer pair 2, 3. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .U2This file lists the buried vias on layer pair 4, 5..PUNXE ".PUN file extension" \bThis file lists all punch holes or NC Drill holes on the board file. When you click on NC Drill, the NC Drill dialog box displays as shown below:  Figure 2-21. The NC Drill dialog box. Use Units to set the output units to inches or millimeters. Use FormatXE "NC Drill Format" \b to set the format to decimal, leading zero, or trailing zero. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h DecimalXE "Decimal format" \b produces NC Drill files in excellon decimal format. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Leading 0XE "Leading 0 format" \b produces NC Drill files in excellon decimal format. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Trailing 0XE "Trailing 0 format" \b produces NC Drill files in excellon decimal format. Use X OffsetXE "X Offset NC Drill" \bXE "NC Drill:X Offset" \b and Y OffsetXE "Y Offset NC Drill" \bXE "NC Drill:Y Offset" \b to set offsets for X and Y coordinates. The default for both X Offset and Y Offset is zero. Use Hole Size MaximumXE "Hole Size Maximum" \b to set the maximum hole size for the NC Drill report. Any holes over the size specified here are reported in the .PUN file. The Hole Size Maximum check box must be checked if you want the drill report to have a maximum hole size. Otherwise, no maximum hole size is set. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the NC Drill dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of NC Drill without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. An example of how to use NC Drill follows. Assume the following: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h TEST.BRD is a six layer board. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h TEST.BRD contains all through hole components. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Through vias are used. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Blind vias are used on layer pair 1 and 2 and layer pair 5 and 6. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Buried vias are used on layer pair 3 and 4 and layer pair 4 and 5. To run NC Drill, on the current board, you would follow these steps: 1. Click on CAM. The CAM pull-down menu displays. 2. Click on NC Drill. The NC DRILL dialog box displays. 3. Select the appropriate settings as described above and click OK. The Save NC Drill Report dialog box displays. 4. Type TEST in the File Name: text entry box and select the appropriate directory from the Directories: list box. 5. Click OK. NC Drill creates these files: TEST.THThis file contains a list of all the through hole pads and vias.TEST.L1This file contains a list of all the blind vias of the first layer pair encounteredeither layers 1 and 2, or layers 5 and 6.TEST.L2This file contains a list of all the blind vias of the next layer pair encountered.TEST.U1This file contains a list of all the buried vias of one layer paireither layer 3 and 4, or layer 4 and 5.TEST.U2This file contains a list of all the buried vias of the layer pair NOT listed in TEST.U1.TEST.DRLThis file lists the date the file was created, the version of WinBoard used to create the file, the name of the report file, the names of all the drill files produced for the current board, the drill tools needed to drill the board during manufacturing, the drill count for each file, and the tool size and layer pairs for each drill file. A sample of the data in TEST.DRL is shown below.TEST.DRL sample output: NCDrill generated by WinBoard V1.00 Date Created: 4/18/1994 NCDrill Report File: test.drl Through Hole File Name: TEST.TH Tool 1: 0.015 10 holes Tool 2: 0.025 66 holes Tool 3: 0.050 3 holes Blind Via File Name: TEST.L1 Blind Via From Layer: 5 To Layer: 6 Tool 1: 0.025 20 holes Blind Via File Name: TEST.L2 Blind Via From Layer: 1 To Layer: 2 Tool 1: 0.025 10 holes Buried Via File Name: TEST.U1 Buried Via From Layer: 3 To Layer: 4 Tool 1: 0.025 12 holes Buried Via File Name: TEST.U2 Buried Via From Layer: 4 To Layer: 5 Tool 1: 0.025 8 holes Pick & Place Use Pick & PlaceXE "Pick & Place" \r "pikplace" \b to process the current board and generate files used by pick and place and automatic adhesive machines during the manufacturing process. Pick & Place XE "Pick & Place" \bproduces reports with the locations of the components and adhesives for automatic pick and place and automatic adhesive machines. As many as six output files are produced by Pick & Place using the following criteria to determine which group components belong to: through hole components, SMD components on the component side, SMD components on the solder side, adhesives on the component side, and adhesives on the solder side. Each file produced by Pick & Place uses the file name you specify, with the following file name extensions: .PK?XE ".PK$ file extension" \bA separate file is generated for each group of modules. The ? denotes the sequential number for each report. For example, for a board file that uses all five of the groups listed above, Pick & Place generates the following file extensions: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .PK1This file lists the through hole components. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .PK2This file lists the SMD components on the component side. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .PK3This file lists the SMD components on the solder side. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .PK4This file lists the adhesives on the component side. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h .PK5This file lists the adhesives on the solder side..PIKXE ".PIK file extension" \bThis file is a summary report that lists the output files and the component counts for each file. The .PIK file lists the date the file was created, the version of WinBoard used to create the file, the name of the file, the names of all the pick and place files produced for the current board, and component counts for each file. A sample of the data in TEST1.PIK is shown at the end of this explanation of Pick & Place.When you click on Pick & Place, the Pick & Place dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-22. The Pick & Place dialog box. Use Units to set the output units to inches or millimeters. Use X OffsetXE "X Offset:Pick & Place" \bXE "Pick & Place:X Offset" \b and Y OffsetXE "Y Offset:Pick & Place" \bXE "Pick & Place:Y Offset" \b to set offsets for X and Y coordinates. The default for both X Offset and Y Offset is zero. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Pick & Place dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of Pick & Place without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. An example of how to use Pick & Place follows. Assume the following: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h SMD and through hole components are used SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The X offset is 3.0 SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The Y offset is 3.0 To run Pick & Place on TEST1.BRD, you would follow these steps: 1. Click on CAM. The CAM pull-down menu displays. 2. Click on Pick & Place. The Pick & Place dialog box displays. 3. Select the appropriate settings as described above and click OK. The Save Pick & Place ReportXE "Pick & Place Report" \b dialog box displays. 4. Type TEST1 in the File Name: text entry box and select the appropriate directory from the Directories: list box. 5. Click OK. Pick & Place creates these files: TEST1.PK1This file contains a list of all the through hole components.TEST1.PK2This file contains a list of all the SMD components.TEST1.PIKThis file lists the output files and the component counts for each file. The summary report has a .PIK file extension. This file lists the date the file was created, the version of WinBoard used to create the file, the name of the report file, the names of all the pick and place files produced, and component counts for each file. A sample of the data in TEST1.PIK is shown below.TEST1.PIK Example: Pick & Place generated by WinBoard X1.00-114 Date Created: 5/30/1994 Components Pick & Place Report File: TEST1.PIK Through hole components on the component side File: TEST1.PK1 Component Count .01 1 10UF 1 290 4 HEAD16 1 SMT components on the component side File: TEST1.PK2 Component Count 7451 1 74LS51 2 74LS76 2 LED 4 SWDIP-4 1 Adhesive locations on the component side Output for TEST1.PK1 Pick & Place generated by WinBoard X1.00-114 Date Created: 5/30/1994 Through Holes Components (Component Side) Report File: TEST1.PK1 C2 .01 1.3500 1.3000 90.00 C1 10UF 1.3500 1.7500 0.00 R1 290 1.0500 0.7980 0.00 R2 290 1.0500 0.9000 0.00 R3 290 1.0500 1.0000 0.00 R4 290 1.0500 1.1000 0.00 JP1 HEAD16 1.7000 1.9500 0.00 Column 1 is the reference. Column 2 is the part value. Column 3 and 4 are the X and Y locations. Column 5 is the component orientation in degrees. Output for TEST1.PK2 Pick & Place generated by WinBoard X1.00-114 Date Created: 5/30/1994 SMT Components (Component Side) Report File: TEST1.PK2 U5 7451 2.2000 1.6000 0.00 U2 74LS51 2.2000 0.9000 0.00 U4 74LS51 2.2000 1.2500 0.00 U1 74LS76 1.6000 1.6000 0.00 U3 74LS76 1.6000 1.0500 0.00 D1 LED 0.8000 0.8000 -90.00 D2 LED 0.7250 0.9000 -90.00 D3 LED 0.7250 1.0000 -90.00 D4 LED 0.8000 1.1000 -90.00 SW1 SWDIP-4 2.2000 1.9500 0.00 Column 1 is the reference. Column 2 is the part value. Column 3 and 4 are the X and Y locations. Column 5 is the component orientation in degrees. BOM Use BOMXE "BOM" \r "bom" \b to read the current board file and generate a Bill of Materials XE "Bill of Materials"  file. BOM scans the current board file for all modules and sorts them into different types based on their module values and part values. The BOM report has a .BOM file extension. When you click on BOM, the Save Bill of Material Report dialog box displays.  Figure 2-23: Save BOM Report An example of how to use BOM follows: 1. Load the board file from which you want to create a Bill of Materials. 2. Click on CAM. The CAM pull-down menu displays. 3. Click on BOM. The Save Bill of Material ReportXE "Bill of Material Report" \b dialog box displays. 4. Type the name you want the Bill of Materials file to have in the File Name: text entry box and select the appropriate directory from the Directories: list box. 5. Click OK. BOM creates a Bill of Materials file with the file name and directory you specified in step four. Use Cancel to exit out of BOM without creating any BOM files. A sample BOM file is shown below. BOM generated by WinBoard V1.01 Date Created: 4/18/1994 Bill Of Material Report File: test.bom Count Component Module Type Component Reference 1 .01 CK-06 C2 1 10UF CS13-A C1 4 290 RC05 R1 R2 R3 R4 1 7451 14SO150 U5 2 74LS51 14SO150 U2 U4 2 74LS76 18SO300 U1 U3 1 HEAD16 16HDR-100 JP1 4 LED P500 D1 D2 D3 D4 1 SWDIP-4 8SO150 SW1 In Circuit Test In Circuit TestXE "In Circuit Test" \r "ictest" \b produces the pin and via locations of through and blind vias only for all nets in the current board file. The two main uses for the In Circuit Test output are: 1. To use for producing in-circuit test fixtures. 2. To give test information to in-circuit test probes.  Figure 2-24. In Circuit Test Report dialog box. The In Circuit Test reportXE "In Circuit Test report" \b file has a .ICT file extension. The In Circuit Test report contains the following information listed by column number: 1. Net name 2. Either a component reference or the key word via 3. Either a pin numberfor components, or the via typethru or blind 4. The board side the pin or via resides oncomp for component side or sold for solder side 5. X location 6. Y location Use Units to set the output units to inches or millimeters. Use X OffsetXE "BOM:X Offset" \bXE "X Offset:BOM" \b and Y OffsetXE "BOM:Y Offset" \bXE "Y Offset:BOM" \b to set offsets for X and Y coordinates. The default for both X Offset and Y Offset is zero. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the In Circuit Test dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of In Circuit Test without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. An example of how to use In Circuit Test follows: 1. Load the board file from which you want to create an In Circuit Test Report. 2. Click on CAM. The CAM pull-down menu displays. 3. Click on In Circuit Test. The In Circuit Test Report dialog box displays. 4. Select the appropriate settings as described above and click OK. The Save In Circuit Test Report dialog box displays. 5. Type TEST2.ICT in the File Name: text entry box and select the appropriate directory from the Directories: list box. 6. Click OK. In Circuit Test creates a file similar to the file shown below. ICTest generated by WinBoard V1.01 Date Created: 4/18/1994 In-Circuit Test Report File: test2.ict Net Mod/Via Pin/Via Side X Y A1 U5 2 comp 2.2500 1.6000 A1 U2 2 comp 2.2500 0.9000 A1 via thru sold 1.6500 1.8500 A1 via thru sold 2.2250 1.7250 A2 U5 3 comp 2.3000 1.6000 GND U4 7 comp 2.5000 1.2500 GND via thru sold 2.5250 1.2500 GND via thru sold 1.8500 1.4250 VCC U3 16 comp 1.7000 0.6900 VCC JP1 15 comp 1.9500 1.9000 VCC JP1 16 comp 2.0500 1.9000 UtilitiesXE "Utilities" \b EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatUtilities contains the menu selections shown in the Utilities pull-down menu XE "Utilities menu" \bat left. StatisticsXE "Statistics" \r "stats" \b Statistics gives all of the statistics for the board file, including:SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of pads by type: Through and SMD SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of lines by type: Tracks, outlines, and edges SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of vias by type: Through, blind, and buried SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of objects by type: Adhesive, book marks, dimensions, mounting holes, pass marks, and targets SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of pieces of text by type: Copper, silk, and component SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The number of zones by type: Metal, no metal, no via, and no module SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h The computer resources currently being used: Board file size, free memory, free disk space, and the date and time. The Modules box lists the modules in the currently loaded board file. The Nets box lists the nets in the currently loaded board file.  Figure 2-25 : The Board Statistics dialog box. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use OK to exit out of the Statistics dialog box and re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. DRC Report When you click on DRC ReportXE "DRC Report" \r "drcrep" \b, the Design Rule CheckingXE "Design Rule Checking" \b dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-26 : The Design Rule Checking dialog box. Use the Design Rule Checking dialog box to define the DRC report parameters. Use Internal LayersXE "Internal Layers" \b and External LayersXE "External Layers" \b to specify different parameters for the internal and external layers of the board. 1. For each of the Checking OptionsXE "Checking Options:DRC" \b or Report settings you need to use, place an X in the check box to the left of the option or setting. 2. For each of the Checking Options or Report settings you want to eliminate, remove the X from the check box to the left of the option or setting. Click on Internal Layers, External Layers to select the parameters you need to set. The appropriate dialog box displays. The dialog box for External Layers is shown in Figure 2-23. The available Checking Options are explained below: Check Fast to speed up the DRC calculation (this is the default setting). The Fast option uses more memory, however it will speed up the time to calculate the DRC, especially on larger boards. Check Silk Screen on PadsXE "Silk Screen on Pads:DRC" \b to report all locations where silk screen overlaps through hole pads, vias, or SMD pads. It is often necessary to remove silk screen from pads and vias to provide for reliable soldering in manufacturing. Check T-Junctions XE "T-Junctions"  to report all T track connections. Check Hanging Tracks XE "Hanging Tracks"  to report unconnected routes. Check Via on SmdXE "Via on Smd:DRC" \b to report any vias overlapping or placed on top of SMD pads. If holes are drilled in SMD pads, problems could arise when solder paste soaks into the drill holes. The SMD would not get solidly soldered to the board in manufacturing. Check No Via ZonesXE "No Via Zones:DRC" \b to report any vias placed inside no via zones. This option is available because it is possible for you to unselect Online Design Rule Checking and place vias inside no via zones. Check No Metal ZonesXE "No Metal Zones:DRC" \b to report all metaltracks, pads, and metal zonesplaced inside a no metal zone. This option is available because it is possible for you to unselect Online Design Rule Checking and place metal inside no metal zones. Check No Module ZonesXE "No Module Zones:DRC" \b to report all modules placed inside a no module zone. This option is available because it is possible for you to unselect Online Design Rule Checking and place modules inside no module zones. Check Multiple DrillXE "Multiple Drill:DRC" \b to report any drill holes that are placed directly on top of each other. Sometimes, during routing, several vias get placed on top of each other or a via may get placed on top of a pad. Multiple Drill reports these cases, but only when the drill holes are placed exactly at the same location. The available Report settings are explained below: Check Report in Clipboard to tell the design rule checker to place a copy of the report in the clipboard. You can then paste a copy of the report file into Write or Notepad. With this option, you can have both WinBoard and the error report file on screen simultaneously to help you find the errors. Check Use Bookmark to tell the design rule checker to place a book mark on the board at every location an error is found. Check Save Report in File to tell the design rule checker to save the report to a file. If you select this option, when you click OK, the standard Windows Save File dialog box displays for you to specify the file name. We recommend you use the .DRC file name extension. Use DRC Specs Load to load the template with the DRC settings you need for a specific manufacturer. When you click on DRC Specs Load, the standard Windows Load dialog box displays. Select the template file containing the appropriate settings and click OK. Your DRC settings are loaded automatically. Use DRC Specs Save to save DRC settings for future use. Design rule checking is closely connected to the manufacturing process. Therefore, you will often have different settings for different processes as well as different numbers of board layers. WinBoard offers a unique way to save the manufacturing DRC rules in separate files. Then you can load the template you need for a specific manufacturer. When you click on DRC Specs Save, the standard Windows Save dialog box displays. You can save the template with any name you wish. You will probably want to use a name that identifies the manufacturer and the process used. For example: INHL2LD.TPL would indicate an in-house 2 layer, low density board. We recommend you use the .TPL file name extension. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Design Rule Checking dialog box and to run the design rule checker and re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. If The design rule checker finds any errors, it marks them with a DRC book mark. For more information about DRC book marks, refer to Online Design Rule Checking in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. Use Cancel to exit out of Design Rule Checking without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. The External Layers and Internal Layers dialog boxes look identical except that one is identified as External Layers, while the other is identified as Internal Layers. The External Layers dialog box is shown below : EMBED HJPRO \s \* mergeformat Figure 2-27 : Design Rule Checking dialog box for External Layers. The Design Rule Checking matrixXE "DRC matrix" \b is designed to be self-explanatory. To disable design rule checking on a particular selection, set the option to zero. Definitions of each of the distances are listed in the table below. If nothing else is specified, the distances are the shortest from the outer edge of the first object to the outer edge of the other object. Zone-Min.The minimum zone width. Anything less will be reported. Annular-Min.The minimum annular ring width. Annular-Max.The maximum annular ring width.Pad-Min.The overall minimum Pad width.Pad-Max.The overall maximum pad widthwidest place on pad stacks.Pad-EdgeThe minimum distance from outer edge of a through hole pad to the edge.Pad-PadThe minimum distance from any through hole pad to any through hole pad.Smd-Min.The minimum width anywhere on an SMD pad.Smd-Max.The maximum width anywhere on an SMD pad.Smd-EdgeThe minimum distance from any outer edge of an SMD pad to the edge.Smd-PadThe minimum distance allowed from SMD pad to through hole pad.Smd-SmdThe minimum distance between any two SMD pads.Track-Min.The minimum track width allowed on the board.Track-Max.The maximum track width allowed on the board.Track-EdgeThe minimum distance from any track to any edge.Track-PadThe minimum distance from any track to any through pad.Track-SMDThe minimum distance from any track to any SMD pad.Track-TrackThe minimum distance between any two tracks at any point.Via-Min.The minimum via size allowed.Via-Max.The maximum via size allowed on the board.Via-EdgeThe minimum distance from any via to any edge.Via-PadThe minimum distance from any via to any through pad.Via-SMDThe minimum distance from any via to any SMD pad.Via-TrackThe minimum distance between any via and track.Via-ViaThe minimum distance between two vias on the board.Drill-Min.The minimum drill hole size allowed on the board.Drill-Max.The maximum drill hole size allowed on the board.Drill-EdgeThe minimum distance from any drill copper to any edge.Drill-PadThe minimum distance from any drill copper to any through pad.Drill-SMDThe minimum distance from any drill copper to any SMD pad.Drill-TrackThe minimum distance between any drill copper and tracks on the board.Drill-ViaThe minimum distance between drill copper and any vias on the board.Drill-DrillThe minimum distance between two drill holes of any typevia, pad, through hole, or drill hole.For more detailed explanations of the Design Rule Checking matrix, refer to Appendix B: DRC Matrix Definitions. Use DRC Specs Load to load the template with the DRC settings you need for a specific manufacturer. When you click on DRC Specs Load, the standard Windows Load dialog box displays. Select the template file containing the appropriate settings and click OK. Your DRC settings are loaded automatically. Use DRC Specs Save to save DRC settings for future use. Design rule checking is closely connected to the manufacturing process. Therefore, you will often have different settings for different processes as well as different numbers of board layers. WinBoard offers a unique way to save the manufacturing DRC rules in separate files. Then you can load the template you need for a specific manufacturer. When you click on DRC Specs Save, the standard Windows Save dialog box displays. You can save the template with any name you wish. You will probably want to use a name that identifies the manufacturer and the process used. For example: INHL2LD.TPL would indicate an in-house 2 layer, low density board. We recommend you use the .TPL file name extension. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Design Rule Checking dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of Design Rule Checking without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Netlist Report Netlist Report XE "Netlist Report"  generates a text file containing all of the netlist information for the current board. When you click on Netlist Report, the Generate and Save Board Netlist dialog box displays as shown next. To generate a netlist report for the current board, follow these steps: 1. Select the drive and directory you want the netlist report saved to. 2. Enter a file name with a file extension of .NET. 3. Click OK. Netlist Report generates a text file and displays the main WinBoard screen.  Figure 2-28 : The Generate and Save Board Netlist dialog box. Use Cancel to exit Netlist Report and display the main WinBoard screen without generating a report file. Compare NetlistsXE "Compare Netlists" \r "netcomp" \b Compare Netlists compares two WinBoard format netlists and produces a WAS-IS fileXE "WAS-IS file" \b and a comparison report. The WASIS file lists the changes to component references, and is used to read the component reference changes back into the schematic. The comparison report lists the details of the changes, such as: component reference changes, nets added or deleted, net changes, and added or deleted components. When you click on Compare Netlists, the Old Netlist File Compare dialog box displays. The Old Netlist File Compare dialog box displays is shown next:  Figure 2-29 : The Old Netlist File Compare dialog box. When the Old Netlist File Compare dialog box displays, follow these steps: 1. Select the drive and directory on which the first file you want to compare is located. 2. Select the first file you want to compare. 3. Click OK. The New Netlist File Compare dialog box displays as shown below :  Figure 2-30. The New Netlist File Compare dialog box. When the New Netlist File Compare dialog box displays, follow the same steps as you did with the Old Netlist File Compare dialog box to select a second file name and click OK. The Netlist Changes Output File dialog box displays as shown next:  Figure 2-31 : The Netlist Changes Output File dialog box. Follow the same steps as when the Old Netlist File Compare dialog box displayed, only use a file extension of .NCP to save the output file. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: We recommend you use the .NCP file extensionXE ".NCH file extension" \b for all Compare Netlists report files.When you click OK, Compare Netlists generates report files similar to the files shown below. Example Comparison Report: Netcomp generated by WinBoard 1.01 Date Created: 4/18/1994 Netlist Compare Report for CPTEST1.NET and CPTEST3.NET R1 Pin: 2 Net: ?2 changed to R1 Pin: 2 Net: NEWCON Part: R20 100K is added. R20 Net: NEWCON is added. R20 Net: ?102 is added. WAS_IS File: R4 R7 Use Cancel to exit out of Compare Netlists without creating the reports. Pin List ReportXE "Pin List Report" \r "pinlist" \b Pin List Report produces a list of unused pins on the current board and reports: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h All pins that do NOT have a net name assigned SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h All pins that have a net name assigned, with only one pin connected to the net. When you click on Pin List Report, the Pin List Report dialog box displays. The Pin List Report dialog box is a standard Windows Save File dialog box. To create a Pin List Report, follow these steps: 1. Select the drive, directory, and type of file for which you want to create a report. 2. Select the name of the file to which you want the information saved, or enter a new file name. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: We recommend you use the .PIN file extension for all Pin List Report files.3. Click OK. Pin List Report creates a report file similar to the file shown below. Unused pin list generated by WinBoard V1.01 Date Created: 4/18/1994 Unused Pin List Report File: test.pin U1 8 Net: BUS21B Stand alone net U1 15 Net: No net assigned U1 16 Net: No net assigned U3 15 Net: No net assigned U3 16 Net: No net assigned In the example report above, U1 pin 8 is an example of a pin with a net name that only occurs once on the board. Use Cancel to exit out of Pin List Report without creating the reports. Place File Place File XE "Place File"  uses an ascii text file to place modules on the board. You may use the Place File Report to generate the placement file. This allows you to place an entire board based on a predetermined placement file. Create an ascii text file in the following format: R X Y Side Rotation Definition: R: Reference for the Module X: The X coordinate, measured in inches. Y: The Y coordinate, measured in inches. Side: Use Top, or Bottom. Rotation: A number with 0.01 degree accuracy. Example: JP1 X 5.950 Y 1.725 SIDE TOP ROTATION 90 Sample File: R5 X 2.025 Y 1.600 SIDE TOP ROTATION 0 C3 X 1.350 Y 3.585 SIDE TOP ROTATION 90 R24 X 6.775 Y 5.225 SIDE TOP ROTATION 270 R23 X 6.300 Y 5.275 SIDE TOP ROTATION 0 C15-1 X 8.025 Y 3.800 SIDE TOP ROTATION 0 C15-2 X 8.025 Y 4.050 SIDE TOP ROTATION 0 SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 Note: Place File will not move modules with tracks attached.To use Place File, follow these steps: Load a netlist and modules are randomly placed on a new board. Select Place, then Place File. This opens the following dialog box.  Figure 2-32 : The Load Placement File dialog box. Enter the File Name of the placement file in the Load Placement File XE "Load Placement File"  dialog box in the space provided, then press OK. Modules are placed according to the placement file. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: To speed up placement on larger board (over 100 modules) follow these steps: Zoom in on an area with few or no modules. Now use Place File. This will perform the placement about ten times faster because the program does not redraw the modules as they are placed.  SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: Place file may be used to place any number of chosen modules on a board.Place File Report Use Place File Report XE "Place File Report"  to generate a placement file from the current board file. Use this report to place a board using the Place File function. The Place File function is extremely useful if you want to replace an existing board with new modules and use the same X,Y coordinates for placement. For example, generate a placement file using Place File Report. Load the updated netlist. Then use Place File and select the placement file. In seconds, the entire board will be replaced using the coordinates of the placement file. WindowXE "Window" \b Window contains the menu selections shown in the Window pull-down menu XE "Window menu " \bat left. WinBoard is a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program, therefore the open boards are listed in the bottom of this menu. You may select another board file by clicking on the desired board name in this menu.HelpXE "Help" \b Help contains the menu selections shown in the Help pull-down menu at left. This menu works similarly to the Help pull-down menu in other Windows-based applications.Use Key Commands XE "Key Commands"  to display keyboard shortcuts, function keys XE "function keys" , and other keyboard commands XE "keyboard commands" . This is an extremely useful method to quickly look up any keyboard commands such as the fuction keys. Use X Y Window XE "X Y Window"  to display a floating X,Y coordinate XE "X,Y coordinate"  box.. This is especially useful if you use older VGA (640 x 400) display mode that will cut off the coordinates from the regular toolbar. Use Registration to enter your personal password registration number. Refer to the Getting Started Guide for instructions. Use About XE "About"  to check the current version number and the pin capacity XE "pin capacity"  of the version you are using. ToolbarsXE "Toolbars" \r "toolbars" \b  WinBoard has two toolbars as shown above. The main toolbar XE "main toolbar" \bXE "toolbar:main" \bruns across the WinBoard window below the pull-down menus. The secondary toolbar XE "secondary toolbar" \bXE "toolbar:secondary" \bis below the first, and is composed of buttons used to manipulate the view of the board file on the computer monitor. The tools are listed in alphabetical order, by tool name in the table below for a reference. A picture of the button is shown to the left of each button name. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatAdhesiveEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatBlock CutEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatBlock CopyEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatBlock PasteBookMarkEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatDimensioningEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatFind & Get ModuleEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatGlobal EditEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatHelpModuleEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatMore ConnectionsEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatMounting HoleEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatNetlist On the FlyEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatNets & NetlistEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatOnline Design Rule CheckingEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatOpenEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatPass MarkEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatSaveEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatSetupEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatTargetEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatTextEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatTrack, Outline & EdgeEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatUndoEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatZone (copper) The tools on the second toolbar are listed in order, by tool name in the table below. A picture of the button is shown to the left of each button name. Zoom outZoom CenterRefresh ScreenZoom inZoom WindowZoom to Fit For detailed explanations of the WinBoard tools, refer to the tool descriptions following the table above. In this section, each tool is listed in the order they appear in the toolbars. A picture of the button is shown to the left of each button name. Layer Number ButtonsXE "Number Buttons"\b To the left of the drawing area is a column of buttons containing numbers. These buttons are the Layer Number buttons. The button for the layer currently available for editing is white, while all other buttons are gray. Click with the left mouse button on the layer number button that matches the layer you want to edit. Routing layers XE "Routing layers"  (layer pairs) The Layer buttons are also used to select which ones to toggle through. This enables you to select only the layers you want active so you may select layer pairs XE "layer pairs"  for routing. By making this selection, the program will only toggle through the enabled layers when using the V key. The program defaults with the top and bottom layers selected (red). Follow these steps: Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard and click on the layer button with the left mouse button. The layer number will change from black to red, indicating that the layer is active. Continue to select other layers in this same manner. Now, when you press the V key the program will toggle through the selected layers. When you are routing, it will allow you to select layer pairs for routing, for example: On a six layer board, select layer 1 and layer 2. Start routing on layer 1 and place a via using the V key. The program will place a via and switch to layer six without having to toggle through layers 2-5. On a layer button that is already red, hold down the Shift key and click on the layer button to deselect, it will change to black. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: You may also use the + or - keys on the keyboard to change layers. The +,- keys will toggle through All layers on the board.Disable layer XE "Disable layer"  To keep a layer from displaying, hold down the Ctrl key and click on the number button with the number of the layer you want to keep from displaying. If you later want to display a layer for which you have disabled display, simply click once with the left mouse button on the number button with the number of the layer you want to display. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Refer to Appendix C: Keyboard Commands for information about all the other numeric key pad keyboard commands.Scale and Units The Scale selection box is shown at left. There a two boxes, one is used to choose the zoom scale and the other to select the unit (mil, mm, um).Scale XE "Scale"  The box at left contains the zoom selections available. Click on the arrow with the left mouse button to open the pull-down box. Then click on the zoom selection. Each number represents the number per pixel. For example, if the grid unit is mils, 2 represents 2 mils per pixel, 50 represents 50 mils per pixel. You may still use the Home and End keys to zoom in and out respectively.Units XE "Units"  The Units selection box is shown at left. Click on the arrow with the left mouse button to open the pull-down box. Click on the desired unit. The three choices are: 1. mil: mils. 2. mm: millimeters. 3. m: microns. A micron represents one millionth of a meter. The programs internal database has a resolution of 1 micron. Grid The grid XE "grid" \b(G:) list box located to the right of the scale and units on the second toolbar is used to set the size of the grid. Use the On Grid XE "On Grid" \bcheck box located between the S: and G: list boxes to set whether or not you want objects you place or drag to snap to grid.  To change the grid increments, click with the left mouse button on the scroll arrow to the right of the grid list box. A pull-down list displays. Select the size by clicking on it. The available grid increments are shown in the following table: Grid IncrementsXE "Grid Increments" \b: MilsMillimetersMicrons5 mils1 mm10 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m10 mils2 mm20 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m20 mils5 mm50 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m25 mils10 mm100 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m50 mils200 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m100 mils500 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m1000 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m2000 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m5000 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Help Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Open Use Open XE "Open tool" \bto open a file that already exists. There is a Read only check box so you can view the file, but not modify it. Available file types are: Board Files (*.BRD). EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Save Use Save XE "Save tool" \bto save a board file with a new name or in a different directory. Available file types are: Board Files (*.BRD), ASCII Files (*.ASC), and All Files (*.*) EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat ModuleXE "Module tool" \r "moduletool" \b Use Module to select the library directory and the modules to view or load, and to place modules in the board file. The Module dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-33. The Module dialog box. Use Load to load a module into the board file. Use Cancel to display the main WinBoard screen without loading a module. Use Z- and Z+ to zoom the view of the module in and out. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Viewing ModulesXE "Viewing Modules" \bXE "modules:viewing" \b To view a module: 1. Select the module library name in the Library Dir: list box. 2. Select the module name from the Module list box. The module displays in the view box. 3. Use the Z- and Z+ buttons to zoom in on or zoom out from the view of the module. Loading and Placing ModulesXE "Loading Modules" \bXE "modules:loading" \bXE "Placing Modules" \bXE "modules:placing" \b To load a module in WinBoard, follow these steps: 1. Select the module library name in the Library Dir: list box. 2. Select the module name from the Module list box. 3. Click with the left mouse button on the Load button. The main drawing screen displays and the pointer changes to a pointing hand with a module outline attached, signifying that WinBoard has entered placement mode. 4. Place the pointer at the location where the module's reference point should be and click the left mouse button. To place another module, click with the left mouse button on the Module button again and select the appropriate module. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat ZoneXE "Zone tool" \r "zonetool" \b A zone is an area on a printed circuit board that in some way represents a signal plane or restricted area. Zones are commonly used for power and ground planes on PC boards. The Zone dialog box is shown next :  Figure 3-34. The Zone dialog box. Use Zone XE "Zone tool" \bto set the zone restrictions in the following list, and to place a zone in the board file. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h TypeXE "Type:zone" \bXE "Zone:Type" \b: Use Type to set the zone type to metal, no via, no module, or no metal. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Outline StyleXE "Outline Style:zone" \b: Use Outline Style to set the way the track is drawn: 90 degree, 45 degree, Any Angle, or Arc. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h FillingXE "Filling:zone" \bXE "Zone fill" \b: You can use solid, 90 degree, horizontal, or vertical filling for the zone. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Net NameXE "Net Name:zone" \bXE "Zone Net Name" \b: Use Net Name to select the net with which to associate the zone. For example : in the dialog box above GND is used to select ground. No Floating Copper: Use No Floating Copper XE "No Floating Copper"  to place copper zones without areas that are non attached such as islands. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Grid Size: Use Grid Size to set the grid size for the zone. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Line Width: Use Line Width to set the width of the line used to fill the zone. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The combination of grid size and line width determines how a zone is filledsolid or hatched. As the grid size gets lower, the zone smoothes out around NON 90 degree angles. However, the smaller the grid size, the more memory required to display the zone. Every time you divide the grid size by two, the memory size requirement for the zone increases by a multiple of two. Low grid sizes also cause slower screen re-paint. Five mils is a good compromise. The WinBoard system default is five mils.SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Edge Guard Use Edge Guard XE "Edge Guard"  to select the zone isolation from the board edge. The default setting in the box is 50. Select Place | Zone to load the Zone dialog box. Enter the desired number directly in the Edge Guard box, or use the arrow keys to change the setting.  The Edge Guard box SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Th. Relief: Use Th. Relief to set the style of thermal relief and its spoke width and guard size. Refer to Thermal Relief in the next section for more details about thermal reliefs. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Zone dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Zone dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save zone settings that you want to save for future use. Thermal ReliefsXE "Th. Relief" \b The Th. Relief button opens the Thermal ReliefXE "Thermal relief" \b dialog box. Thermal reliefs are used on power or ground plains around through hole and SMD pads connected to power or ground to keep the power or ground plane from becoming a giant heat sink when components are soldered to the PC Board during manufacturing. Use Thermal Relief XE "Thermal Relief tool" \bto change the style and spoke width of thermal reliefs in a zone. The Thermal Relief dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-35. The Thermal Relief dialog box. The figure above shows a Plus style thermal relief. There are four Style types. Choose None to place copper completely around the pad without using a spoke. You can change the thickness of the spokes with the Spoke Width list boxes. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Thermal Relief dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Thermal Relief dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save thermal relief settings that you want to save for future use. Placing ZonesXE "Placing:zones" \bXE "zones:placing" \b Follow the steps below to place a zone after you have set the zone parameters: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat1. Click OK. The main drawing screen displays and the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat, signifying that WinBoard has entered the zone placement mode. 2. Click the left mouse button. A menu similar to the one at left displays. 3. Select the appropriate option by clicking on it with the left mouse button or use the keyboard shortcut keys as underlined in the box at left. You may also route with the mouse if Route with the left mouse button is selected in the Setup dialog box. However, if you route with the mouse, you must end the zone with a double mouse click or press the N key to complete the zone.4. The outline of the zone changes as points are added. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you prefer, you can use the b key for placing vertices instead of the pull-down menu. You can also use the x key to toggle the outline style to different angles just as when placing tracks. Refer to Routing Tracks in the Getting Started Guide or Appendix C: Keyboard Commands for more information.5. To complete the zone, move the pointer back to the beginning point of the zone and double click or select End (N key). The zone outline is completed, thermal reliefs are placed around the pads associated with the zone, and the zone is filled. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you fail to return to the beginning point when you select End, WinBoard will automatically connect the beginning and ending points with a straight zone outline segment.To continue placing zones, repeat steps two through five above. If you get a warning that there is insufficient memory or resourses to completely fill a zone, then increase the grid size or place smaller overlapping zones. Selecting and Editing Zones To select a zone, click once on the zone. If you click inside the zone area, the zone fill temporarily disappears and the outline becomes highlighted. You can add, delete, and drag the zone outline vertices just as you would when editing a track. When you have completed editing the zone outline, click on anything to unselect the zone. In a few seconds, the newly modified zone displays. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You should NOT move, drag or modify an arc zone shape! Only edit 90 degree, 45 degree, or angles. To change the zone parameters (such as Thermal Relief style) of an existing zone, double-click inside the zone. The Zone dialog box displays. Make the changes and click OK. The changes are made to the zone and the main WinBoard screen displays. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The smaller the zone grid size, the more time it takes WinBoard to select a zone. There may be a slight delay before the zone displays as a selected zone.To turn off a zone to edit objects within the area, select Setup | Object Selection. In the Object Selection dialog box, de-select (remove the x) from the zone box. This turns off the zone XE "turns off the zone"  and will make it possible to select other objects. Refer to Editing Zones in Chapter 1: Editing Features for more information about selecting and editing zones. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat TextXE "Text tool" \r "texttool" \b Use Text to enter the text string, XE "Text tool" \bto set the text width, height, thickness, spacing, orientation and whether the text is slanted or mirrored around the X or Y axis, and to place text in the board file. The Text dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-36. The Text dialog box. Use Type to set the type of text you need to copper text, silk screen text, or comment text. Check Slanted to set the text to be slanted or straight. An X in the check box sets the text to be slanted. An empty check box sets the text to be straight. Check Mirror / X to set the text to be mirrored around the X axis. An X in the check box sets the text to be mirrored around the X axis. An empty check box sets the text to be normal. Check Mirror / Y to set the text to be mirrored around the Y axis. An X in the check box sets the text to be mirrored around the Y axis. An empty check box sets the text to be normal. Use the up and down arrows to the right of Width, Height, and Thickness, respectively to set the width, height, and thickness of text. Use the up and down arrows to the right of Spacing, and Orientation, respectively to set the spacing between letters and the orientation of the text in degrees. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Text dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Text dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save text parameters that you want to save for future use. Placing TextXE "Placing:Text" \bXE "text:placing" \b To place text after you have set the text parameters: 1. Click OK. The main drawing screen displays, the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat, and the text displays in outline form, signifying that WinBoard has entered placement mode. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: While the text is still selected, you can use the left and right arrow keys to rotate the text. You can also use the up and down arrow keys to flip the text to the other side of the board and, at the same time, mirror the text. If you try to flip the text on inner layers of a multi-layered board, the text will be mirrored on the same layer it was on before you flipped it.2. Place the pointer at the location where you want the text to begin. 3. Click the left mouse button. 4. To continue placing the same text, move the pointer to the next location and click the left mouse button again. To stop placing text, press Esc. To place a different type of text, click with the left mouse button on the Text button again and change to the appropriate text. Module Text XE "Module Text"  With the exception of pads, to select any object that is part of a module, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking with the left mouse button on the object you want to select. Select more objects that are part of a module in the same manner. For example, to select module text XE "select module text"  (Part Ref or Part Val) hold down the Ctrl key and click on the text with the left mouse button. To edit module text, hold down the Ctrl key and double click on the text to bring up the Text dialog box. International Characters XE "text:international characters"  To place international characters, Windows must be properly configured. To change your system configuration, select International in the Windows Control Panel. Change the Keyboard Layout to the desired setting such as US International. Now you may enter special international characters as text into WinBoard. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat DimensioningXE "Dimensioning tool" \r "dimensioningtool" \b Use Dimensioning XE "Dimensioning tool" \bto set the Internal or External Arrow Style, Arrow Height, Arrow Length, and Arrow Thickness dimensioning parameters, and to place dimensioning in the board file. The Dimensioning dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-37. The Dimensioning dialog box. Use Template Save to save dimensioning parameters that you want to save for future use. Once the Dimensioning parameters have been set, click OK. The main drawing screen displays, the pointer changes to: , signifying that WinBoard has entered the dimensioning mode. WinBoard simultaneously enters autopan mode. This means that the view on the screen pans as you move the pointer. To escape from autopan mode, press Esc or click the right mouse button once. Use Cancel to exit out of the Dimensioning dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Placing DimensionsXE "Placing:Dimensions" \bXE "Dimensions:Placing" \b Follow the steps below to place dimensions: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat1. Place the pointer at the location where you want the first point of the dimensioning line. 2. Click the left mouse button. A menu similar to the one at left displays. 3. Select Begin. 4. Move the pointer to the final point on the dimensioning line and click the left mouse button. 5. Select End. 6. To continue placing dimensioning arrows, repeat steps two through five. To stop placing dimensions, press Esc. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you prefer, you may place by just pressing the left mouse button if you choose Route with left mouse button in the Setup dialog box. You can use the keyboard to select Begin, End, and escape. Instead of clicking with the mouse button, press b for Begin, n for End, or Esc for escape.If you start to place another dimension and then decide you don't need another one, just select Escape from the menu that displays or press Esc. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Pass MarkXE "Pass Mark tool" \r "passmarktool" \b Pass marks are used to designate the number of layers on a printed circuit board and to identify each layer. Use Pass Mark XE "Pass Mark tool" \bto set the text and frame width, height, and thickness of pass marks and to place pass marks in your board file. The Pass Mark dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-38. The Pass Mark dialog box. Use Frame Width, Frame Height, and Frame Thickness to set the width, height, and thickness of the pass mark frame. Use Text Width, Text Height, and Text Thickness to set the width, height, and thickness of the pass mark text. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Pass Mark dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Pass Mark dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save pass mark parameters that you want to save for future use. Placing Pass MarksXE "Placing:Pass Marks" \bXE "Pass Marks:placing" \b To place pass marks after you have set the pass mark parameters: 1. Click OK. The main drawing screen displays, the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat, and a pass mark outline appears, signifying that WinBoard has entered placement mode. 2. Place the pass mark outline at the location where you want the pass mark. 3. Click the left mouse button. 4. To continue placing the same type of pass mark, move the pointer to the next location and click the left mouse button again. To stop placing pass marks, press Esc.  BookMarkXE "BookMark tool" \r "bookmarktool" \b Use BookMark XE "BookMark" \bto mark different places on the WinBoard board file that you would like to be able to find easily. You place a book mark at a particular location on the board file. Then, when you are editing at a different location and want to move back to the location of the book mark, you use the book mark button to pan the screen back to that location. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You can have an unlimited number of book marks in any WinBoard PC board file.To display the BookMark dialog box from the main WinBoard screen, simply double-click on any book mark. The BookMark dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-39 The BookMark dialog box. Use Color to change the color of the book mark selected in the Name list box. When you select a book mark from the Name list box and click Color, the Color dialog box displays. Select a color or create a custom color and click OK to change the selected book mark's color. Use DRC Remove XE "DRC Remove"  to remove all DRC book marks from the board after you have made changes so you can run the design rule checker again. DRC book mark names begin with DRC and are followed with a number. They are numbered consecutively. For example: DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, and so on. The Origin XE "Changing the Origin" \bXE "Origin:changing the" \bBookMarkXE "BookMark:Origin" \bXE "Origin:BookMark" \bXE "Origin BookMark" \b When you create a new board file, WinBoard automatically places a book mark named Origin at coordinates (0,0). The Origin book mark defines the origin of the coordinate display and of the board file, and can be dragged to define a new origin. Changing the location of the Origin book mark makes it possible to use negative coordinates to the left and above the Origin book mark. There is only one Origin book mark per board file. To move the Origin book mark, follow these steps: 1. Select the Origin book mark by clicking on it with the left mouse button. When you release the mouse button and move the pointer near the book mark, the pointer becomes a pointing hand. It may also help to select Origin in the bookmark dialog box and then press Find. This will place your cursor at the point of the bookmark. 2. Place the pointer at the bottom of the book mark flagpole and press and hold down the left mouse button while dragging the book mark to its new location. 3. When the book mark is where you want it, release the mouse button. Coordinates (0,0) move with the Origin book mark. When you move the pointer to the left of the Origin book mark, the X coordinate has a negative value. When you move the pointer above the Origin book mark, the Y coordinate has a negative value. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The Origin book mark cannot be deleted from the BookMark dialog box.Reference Book Mark The Reference book mark XE "Reference book mark"  is used as the rotation point for modules. It is usually placed at pin one on through hole modules and at the center point on SMD modules. The Reference book mark is required on each module, DO NOT DELETE IT. The Reference Bookmark may also be used to move a group of objects using exact X and Y coordinates. See Chapter 1: Editing Features, Move object to exact X,Y Coordinates. Creating and Placing a User Book MarkXE "BookMark:Placing" \bXE "BookMark:Creating" \b To place a book mark, follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on the BookMark button. 2. Click in the text entry part of the Name list box and type the name you want the new book mark to have. The name you type displays in the list box below where you typed it. 3. Select the color you want for the book mark by clicking on the Color button and selecting the appropriate color from the Color dialog box. 4. Click with the left mouse button on the Create button. The main WinBoard screen displays and the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat with a highlighted book mark attached, signifying that WinBoard has entered book mark placement mode. 5. Place the pointer where you want the book mark and click the left mouse button. The new book mark displays. Finding a Book MarkXE "BookMark:Finding" \bXE "Finding a BookMark" \b To find any previously placed book mark, including a DRC book mark, follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on the BookMark button. 2. Click in the Name list box on the name of the book mark you want to find. The name of the book mark displays in the text entry part of the Name list box. 3. Click with the left mouse button on the Find button. The main WinBoard screen displays at the location of the book mark you selected in step two above. Deleting a Book MarkXE "BookMark:Deleting" \bXE "Deleting a BookMark" \b Use Delete to delete book marks one at a time. Highlight the name of the book mark you want to delete from the list box by clicking on it with the left mouse button. Then Click with the left mouse button on Delete. You can also delete a book mark from a board file by simply clicking on it to select it and pressing the Del key. DRC Book MarksXE "BookMarks:Removing" \bXE "Removing a BookMarks" \b You can view the violation information for a particular book mark from the main WinBoard screen. Place the left mouse button on the DRC book mark and press the F2 key to read the violation information on the status line at the bottom of the screen. Use Remove to remove all DRC book marks from the board. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: When you run DRC, any book marks remaining from before are automatically deleted by DRC.Use Cancel to exit out of the BookMark dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat AdhesiveXE "Adhesive tool" \r "adhesivetool" \b Use Adhesive XE "Adhesive" \bto create adhesive dots to place on your board file. Adhesive dots are used for attaching SMDs to the PC board in manufacturing. The Adhesive dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-40. The Adhesive dialog box. Use Style to select either a rectangular or circular adhesive dot. Use Layer to select whether the adhesive dot is placed on the component or solder layer of the PC board. Use the Dot section of the Adhesive dialog box to set the diameter of a circular adhesive dot. Use the Rectangle section of the Adhesive dialog box to set the width and height of the adhesive dot. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Adhesive dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Adhesive dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save adhesive parameters that you want to save for future use. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat TargetXE "Target tool" \r "targettool" \b Targets are used for photographic registration of circuit boards. Use Target XE "Target tool" \bto change the external and internal dimensions and style of targets and to place targets in the board file. There are eight different target styles available. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You need only place one target on your PC board file for each location where you need a target. WinBoard automatically places a target on each layer of the PC board file at the same location.The Target dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-41. The Target dialog box. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Target dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Target dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save target parameters that you want to save for future use. Placing TargetsXE "Placing:Targets" \bXE "targets:placing" \b To place targets after you have set the target style and dimensions: 1. Click OK. The main drawing screen displays, the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat, and a target outline appears, signifying that WinBoard has entered placement mode. 2. Place the target outline at the location where you want the target. 3. Click the left mouse button. 4. To continue placing the same type of target, move the pointer to the next location and click the left mouse button again. To stop placing targets, press Esc. To place a different type of target, click with the left mouse button on the Target button again and change to the appropriate target. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Mounting HoleXE "Mounting Hole tool" \r "mountingholetool" \b Use Mounting Hole XE "Mounting Hole tool" \bto set the style, dimensions, and drill size of mounting holes, and to place mounting holes in the board file. If you choose the Empty style, the mounting hole has no copper and is just a drill hole. Use Drill Size to select the size of the drill hole. Use Dimension to select the width (annular ring) for the copper around a Round or Square Mounting Hole. Use Place At to enter the exact X and Y coordinates to place the mounting hole. The Mounting Hole dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-42. The Mounting Hole dialog box. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Mounting Hole dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Mounting Hole dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save mounting hole parameters you want to save for future use. Placing Mounting HolesXE "Placing:Mounting Holes" \bXE "mounting holes:placing" \b Once you have set the Mounting Hole parameters, click OK. The main drawing screen displays, the pointer changes to: EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat, and a mounting hole outline appears, signifying that WinBoard has entered placement mode. To place mounting holes follow these steps: 1. Place the center of the mounting hole outline at the location where the mounting hole should be. 2. Click the left mouse button. 3. To continue placing mounting holes, move the pointer to the next location and click the left mouse button again. To stop placing mounting holes, press Esc. To place a different type of mounting hole, click with the left mouse button on the Mounting Hole button again and change to the appropriate mounting hole. Track, Outline & Edge EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatUse Track, Outline & Edge XE "Track, Outline, and Edge tool" \bto place tracks, module outlines, or board edges. To change the Track, Outline & Edge settings, click on the Track, Outline & Edge button. The Track, Outline & Edge dialog box displays. For more information about changing the Track, Outline & Edge settings, see Changing Track Settings later in this section.Placing Tracks, Outlines, and EdgesXE "Placing:Tracks, Outlines, and Edges" \bXE "tracks, outlines and edges:placing" \b Tracks, module outlines, and board edges are placed in a similar manner. For the sake of simplicity, this section explains how to place tracks. You can use the same methods to place module outlines and board edges. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Before you begin routing tracks, you need to place modules. For information about placing modules, refer to the description of the Module and Nets & Netlist tools earlier in this chapter.There are three methods available for placing tracks: Using single key keyboard commands to tell WinBoard how to place tracks. Refer to the following table for the key commands and their functions: KeyCommand DescriptionXE "Key command descriptions" \r "keycommands" \brRoute a track with Track, Outline & Edge routing mode.bBegin or continue placing vertices when placing a track, outline, or edge.nEnd a track, outline, or edge with the n key. WinBoard remains in the placement mode so you can continue placing tracks, outlines, or edges.Back spaceBacktrack or undo a segment while placing a track, outline, or edge.c or -Change to the next lower numbered layer and place a via while routing a track by pressing c. Repeatedly pressing c will continue to change layers until the solder side is reached.v or +Change to the next higher numbered layer and place a via while routing a track by pressing v. Repeatedly pressing v will continue to change layers until the component side is reached.sChange the style while placing a track, outline, or edge. s mirrors the current track, outline, or edge segments around the location of the pointer. wDisplay the Track Parameter dialog box while routing a track by pressing w. The Track Parameter dialog box makes it possible for you to change: 1. The track width of the track segments after the current vertex. 2. The via diameter of all of the vias associated with the track after the current vertex of the track. 3. The drill size of all of the vias associated with the track after the current vertex of the track.xToggle through the routing style with x: 45SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", 90SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", any angle, and arc. Each time the x key is pressed, the Track, Outline & Edge button changes to reflect the current routing angle or arc.You can change the style of track as needed as you place the track and use any combination of styles in a single track. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformatEMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat2. Use the commands on the pop-up menu to tell WinBoard how to place tracks. The pop-up menu looks similar to the menu at left: You can select the options from the pop-up menu either by clicking on the option you want or by pressing the key on the keyboard that is underlined in the pop-up menu option. Select Begin to begin routing a track. Select End to end a track. Select Layer if you want to insert a via and change the layer on which you place the remainder of the route. Select Restart if you want to change the layer on which you place the route before beginning the route without inserting a via.Select Style to change the style while routing. Style mirrors the current track segments around the location of the pointer. Select 90 deg if you want to change the way the track segments connect to each other and to other objects to 90 degrees. Select 45 deg if you want to change the way the track segments connect to each other and to other objects to 45 degrees. Select Any Angle if you want to change the way the track segments connect to each other and to other objects to any angle. Select Arc if you want to change the way the track segments connect to each other and to other objects to an arc. Select Backtrack to remove the most recently placed segment. You can backtrack all the way to the beginning of the current track. If you are adding to an already existing track, you cannot backtrack a track that has already been parked. Select escape to stop placing tracks. Use the left mouse button. This is the default mode to place tracks and other objects. To select or deselect, this option, choose Route with left mouse button in the Setup dialog box. If selected, each time the left mouse button is pressed, a track vertex is placed. You may still use the keyboard commands in conjunction with this option. Placing the trackXE "Placing tracks" \bXE "Tracks:Placing" \b Follow these steps to manually place a track: 1. To begin placing tracks, click with the left mouse button on the Track, Outline & Edge button. The pointer changes to: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat, signifying that WinBoard has entered track routing mode. 2. Click with the left mouse button on the layer number button for the layer on which you want the track. You can also change to different layers by pressing the + or v key once for each layer higher you want to go or the - or c key once for each layer lower you want to go. You can also use PgUp on the numeric key pad to change to a higher layer or PgDn on the numeric key pad to change to a lower layer. 3. Place the pointer at the location you want the track to begin and press b. The pointer changes to: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat, signifying that WinBoard is ready to continue placing track segments. As you move the pointer, notice that there is a highlighted track attached to the pointer. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: When you start routing inside the diameter of a pad, the track automatically snaps to the center of the pad.4. Move the pointer to where you want the next vertex and press b. The track width and color change to match the track width settings and the color of the layer on which you are working. 5. As you move the pointer away from the last vertex on the track, notice that the new segment of the track is highlighted. Continue placing the track as in step four above until you come to the location where you want the track to end. Press n to end the track. WinBoard remains in routing mode so that you can continue routing tracks. To exit routing mode, press Esc or click the right mouse button. Changing Track SettingsXE "Changing Track Settings" \bXE "Track Settings:Changing" \b Use Track, Outline & Edge XE "Track, Outline, and Edge tool" \bto set the parameters in the following list and to place tracks. To set the track parameters, click on the Track, Outline & Edge button. The Track, Outline & Edge dialog box displays as shown below :  Figure 2-43. The Track, Outline & Edge dialog box. Use Via TypeXE "Via Type" \b to set the via type to Through, Blind, or Buried. Select the one you want to place. Use StyleXE "Style:Track, Outline, and Edge" \b to set the way track segments are connected to each other to 90 deg., 45 deg., Any Angle, or Arc. Use TypeXE "Type:Track, Outline, and Edge" \b to set the Track, Outline & Edge tool to place either a track, a module outline, or a board edge. Use Track Width, Via Diam., and Drill Size to set the width of a track, the diameter of vias on the track, and the drill size of the vias on the track. Use Isolation XE "Isolation"  to set the radius of the routing guard. Make sure you select the desired isolation before placing tracks. This is also used to calculate the spacing distance of a track from a copper pour. When you select Track from the Type section, you can choose either to use a routing guard around pads or not to use a routing guard. A routing guard is composed of colored lines on both sides of the track while routing. These colored lines are the same color as the track on the layer you are routing. The routing guard surrounds the track you are routing to show the clearance limits for the track. The Guard check box works as a toggle. Check the box to use a guard or remove the X if you prefer to route without a routing guard. When you select Module Outline, the Outline Width box becomes active. Use Outline Width to set the width of module outlines you create. When you select Board Edge XE "Board Edge" , the Edge Width box becomes active. Use Edge Width to set the width of the board edge before you place it. Use Start At to enter exact X and Y coordinates to start the track location. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Track, Outline & Edge dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Track, Outline & Edge dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save track, outline, or edge parameters that you want for future use. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Nets & NetlistXE "Nets & Netlist tool" \r "netsnetlisttool" \b Use Nets & Netlist to display or erase ratsnests. To change the Nets & Netlist parameters, and to select ratsnests to display, click on the Nets & Netlist button. The Nets & Netlist dialog box displays. The Nets & Netlist dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-44. Nets & Netlist dialog box. Use Statistics to monitor the total number of: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Nets on the board. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Nodes on the boardpads to which the net should connect. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Partial Links that have been routed. Partial links are partially routed. Partial routes are also known as parked routes. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Completed netsXE "Completed nets" \bthe number of completed connections between two nodes. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h To ConnectXE "To Connect" \bthe number of connections between two nodes that need to be completed. Use Subnets Ratsnests to determine how many scheduled and other ratsnests to display. A Scheduled ratsnest is the next connection in the net closest to the pad you are routing from. To Other refers to the connections in the net other than the scheduled ratsnests. You can set the number of scheduled and other Subnets Ratsnests to any number you like. Scheduled ratsnests are yellow, while other ratsnests are green. Use Priority XE "Priority"  to determine the priority used to route with More Connections and to list ratsnests in the Connections list box. Refer to More Connections and Connections below. The options are: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Netrank connections by net. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Smartrank connections for an optimal layout. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Shortrank connections by length, shortest first. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Longrank connections by length, longest first. Use Modules to display all ratsnests for the module you select from the Modules list box. The default is for the nets on all modules to be displayed unless you select a particular module. Use Nets to select a particular ratsnest you would like displayed. The default is for all of the nets to be displayed unless you select a particular net. Use Conn DisplayXE "Conn Display" \b to set the method for displaying pin locations of connections in the ConnectionsXE "Connections" \b list box: Use CoordXE "Coord" \b to display the (X,Y) locations and layer of the pins, and Pin NbXE "Pin Nb" \b to display the module name with pin numbers. Use Connections to show or select the connections to display that remain to be routed. The Connections list box lists the remaining connections, in the order specified in the Priority box, for one of the following: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h All nets on the board file. To view the list of remaining connections on the whole board file, leave the Modules and Nets text entry boxes empty and click with the left mouse button on the Connections list box. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h All the nets for a particular module. To view the list of remaining connections for a particular module, select the module for which you want to view remaining connections from the Modules list box and click with the left mouse button on the Connections list box. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h One particular net. To view the list of remaining connections for a particular net, select the net for which you want to view remaining connections from the Net list box and click with the left mouse button on the Connections list box. Use Show to return to the main WinBoard screen and display all the ratsnests or the modules or nets you selected. Use HighlightXE "Highlight" \b to highlight all of the tracks in a particular net that have already been routed. Use SelectXE "Select" \b to route a particular connection from the Connections list box as follows: Click with the left mouse button on the Connections list box. The Connections list box expands so you can see all of the connections. Click with the left mouse button on the connection in the list that you want to route. WinBoard highlights the connection in the Connections list box. Click with the left mouse button on Select. The main WinBoard screen displays in track routing mode with the track already started on the first pin. Continue routing the track. Use Cancel to exit out of the Nets & Netlist dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat More ConnectionsXE "More Connections tool" \b Use More Connections with Nets & Netlist to select the next connection in the Connections list. First, select a connection from the Connections list box in the Nets & Netlist dialog box. Then, when you are ready to move on to the next net, simply click once with the left mouse button on the More Connections tool. The ratsnest for the next connection listed in the Connections list box of the Nets & Netlist dialog box displays. WinBoard determines the order in which to list the connections in the Connections list box by the Priority you select in the Priority box. Refer to Priority above for more information. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You can press the m key instead of clicking on the More Connections tool button. Each time you press the Esc. key followed by the m key, WinBoard increments to the next connection.EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Online Design Rule CheckingXE "Design Rules tool" \b Design rules are parameters set by you that are used by the Online Design Rule Checking tool XE "Design Rules tool " \bto make sure that the isolations between the pads and tracks on your board file are wide enough. Use Online Design Rule Checking to prevent you from placing objects too close together and from violating net design rules. If a violation occurs while you are placing objects, the system beeps to indicate that a violation has occurred. The Online Design Rule Checking dialog box is shown next :  Figure 2-45. The Online Design Rule Checking dialog box. Click on External Layers or Internal Layers to display and modify the settings for external or internal layers. Use External Layers to set the parameters for the component and solder layer. Use Internal Layers to set the parameters for the inner layers of the board. The main difference between External Layers and Internal Layers is that SMD components are on external layers and pin to pin spacing as well as SMD to pin spacing is set only on external layers. For a complete explanation of how the different isolation distances are defined, refer to Appendix B: DRC Matrix Definitions. Online Design Rule Checking may be set to any size for the distance between any combination of: track, via, pin, or SMD to: track, via, pin, or SMD XE "No Track " \bon the whole board. Change the parameters by clicking on the up or down arrow to the right of the distance you want to change. Use the Current DRC Bookmark Error(s) list box to select the error you want to find. To find an error, double-click on the error in the list box, or click on the error in the list box and click Find. Check Enable to enable Online Design Rule Checking. With Online Design Rule Checking enabled, the computer beeps when you try to do something that conflicts with the settings in Online Design Rule Checking. Use DRC Specs Load to load design rule parameters that have been saved from prior sessions. DRC Specs are templates. Use DRC Specs Save to save design rule parameters that you want to save for future use. DRC Specs are templates. Use OK to exit the Online Design Rule Checking dialog box and save the changes you made. Use Cancel to exit the Online Design Rule Checking dialog box without saving the changes you made. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Find, Get & Place ModuleXE "Find & Get Module tool" \b Use Find, Get & Place Module to locate modules by reference name and component type and to place a module using exact X, Y corrdinates. The Type and Autoplace Freeze areas in the Find, Get & Place Module dialog box are reserved for future use. These functions are not currently available. The Find, Get & Place Module dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-46. Find, Get & Place Module dialog box. Use Find to locate a module. Follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on a module name in the Modules list box. 2. Click with the left mouse button on Find. WinBoard returns to the main WinBoard screen and pans the screen to the location of the module you selected with the pointer pointing at anchor point of the module. Use Get to select a module. Follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on a module name in the Modules list box. 2. Click with the left mouse button on Get. WinBoard returns to the main WinBoard screen, without changing the area of the board layout being viewed, and the module you selected displays with the pointing hand, indicating placement mode. 3. Place the module in its new location. WinBoard unselects the module and repositions the pointer on the Find & Get tool button, ready for another Find & Get operation. Click on any module listed in the Module list and its coordinates are displayed in the Position section of the dialog box as follows : X: and Y: Displays the X and Y corrdinates in the appropriate boxes. Orient: Displays the Orientation in one hundredth degree (.01) accuracy. The radio buttons display Top Layer or Bottom Layer. Use Place XE "Placing:placing modules"  to place a module using the x, y coordinates as follows : Select the desired module in the Module section. Enter the Coordinates for the module in the Position section of the dialog box. Enter X, Y coordinates, Orientation, and select the layer. Press the Place button to place the module at the new location. Use Cancel to exit out of the Find & Get dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Global Edit Use Global Edit XE "Global Edit " \bto edit the parameters of all objects that are selected. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You must first select the objects you want to edit before using Global Edit.  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6 CAUTION: Every object you select is available for editing with the Global Edit tool. Before you use Global Edit, make sure only the objects you want to change are selected.After you select the objects you want to edit, click on the Global Edit tool button, or press F3. The Global Edit dialog box displays as shown next :  Figure 2-47. The Global Edit dialog box. Notice in figure 2-47 that only some of the button names have bolded names. The buttons with the bolded names are the objects available for editing. Use the Vias buttons to change the parameters for the selected blind, buried, and through pads. Type changes the vias from one via type to the via type you select. When you click the Blind, Buried, or Through button, the Edit Track dialog box displays. Change the parameters as needed, and click OK. Use the Zones buttons to change the parameters for the selected zones. When you click any of the buttons in the Zones box, the Zone dialog box displays. For more information about the Zone dialog box, refer to Text in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. Use the Lines buttons to change the parameters for the selected edges, outlines, and tracks. When you click Edge, Outline, or Track, the Edit Track dialog box displays. Change the parameters as needed, and click OK. Press the Track Delete button to delete all selected tracks. A confirmation box appears in which you must select Yes or No. Use the Texts buttons to change the height, width, thickness, spacing, or slant of the selected copper, silk screen, and comment text. When you click any of the buttons in the Text box, the Text dialog box displays. Use the Pads buttons to edit the pad stack for the selected objects. When you select Through or Smd, the Pad Stack dialog box displays. For more information about changing the parameters in the Pad Stack dialog box, refer to Editing Pad Stacks in Chapter 1: Editing Features.  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6 CAUTION: Be careful when editing pad stacks. If you edit a pad stack and click OK, all of the pads with the same pad stack name as the pad stack you edited are changed. This includes all pads on the board with that pad stack name, NOT merely the selected pads. If you want to change the selected pads only: in the Pad Stack dialog box, enter a new name in the Board Pad Stack List and use New. For more information about how to change pad stack characteristics, refer to Editing Pad Stacks in Chapter 1: Editing Features. Use the Objects buttons to change the parameters for the selected Adhesive objects, book marks, dimensions, mounting holes, pass marks, and targets. When you click any of the buttons in the Objects box, the dialog box for that object displays. For more information about each of the dialog boxes, refer to the particular object by tool name in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. Use the Module button to replace an existing module on the board. It will only replace modules with the exact same number of pins. Be very careful, the replacement module must be an exact match. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Netlist On the FlyXE "Netlist On the Fly" \b Use Netlist On the Fly to edit an existing netlist or to create a complete netlist. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Since most designs need schematic documentation attached to them, we recommend you start with a schematic. Building a printed circuit board before creating the schematic is sort of like drawing the blueprints for a house after the house has been built.The Edit Netlist dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-48. The Edit Netlist dialog box. Use Add Node to add connections to a net. Follow these steps: 1. Type a name in the Nets list boxor click on a name that is already listed. 2. Click with the left mouse button on Add Node. The Main WinBoard screen displays and the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat signifying the net connection mode. While WinBoard is in net connection mode, you can toggle between Add Node and Delete Node by pressing x. The delete node pointer looks like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat. 3. Click with the left mouse button on all pads you want to become part of the same net. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you decide you would rather not add connections to the net after all, press Esc or click the right mouse button to return to the normal mode.Use Delete Node to disassociate a net from a particular pad. Follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button in the Nets list box on the net name associated with the pad from which you want to remove the connection. 2. Click on Delete Node. The Main WinBoard screen displays and the pointer changes to look like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat signifying the delete node mode. While WinBoard is in delete node mode, you can toggle between Delete Node and Add Node by pressing x. The add node pointer looks like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat. 3. Click on any pad you want removed from the net. The net name for the pad you clicked on is set to zero and the ratsnest disappears from that pad. Use Nets Next to increase by one the net that is highlighted in the list box. For example, if the net name in the Nets list box is NET, clicking on Next would cause WinBoard to add a net named NET1 to the nets. Use Nets Add to add the net name from the Nets list box to the board. Use Nets Delete to delete the selected net name from the Nets list box and remove all connections on the board that belonged to that net. Use Nets Edit to change an existing net name. Simply select a net name from the Nets list box and click on Edit. The netname is changed on all pads associated with the selected net. Use Connections to display all the net connections on the board file. Use Coord to set the way the net connections are displayed in the Connections list box to X, Y coordinates. Use Pin Nb to set the way the net connections are displayed in the Connections list box to pin numbers with module names. Use Cancel to exit out of the Edit Netlist dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Adding a Connection To add a node to a net, also known as adding an existing net to an open pad on an existing module, follow these steps: 1. Click on the Netlist On the Fly button. The Edit Netlist dialog box displays. 2. Click on the net in the Nets list box to which you want to connect the pad. 3. Click on Add Node. The main WinBoard screen displays and the pointer looks like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat, signifying the Add Node mode. The yellow ratsnest is the net to which you want to connect the pad. The ratsnests for all other nets are gray. 4. Click with the left mouse button on the pad to be added to the netor use the b key. If the pad was not connected to a net, the connection will simply be made. If, however, the pad was already a part of a different net, WinBoard will ask you if you want to overwrite the existing net name. 5. Continue clicking on pads that you want added to the net. 6. To leave the add net mode and save your changes, press Esc or click the right mouse button. You can toggle between the add node mode and the delete node mode simply by pressing x. Deleting a Connection To delete an existing net connection from a pad, follow these steps: 1. Click on the Netlist On the Fly button. 2. From the Nets list box, select the net to which the pad you want to remove from the net is connected. 3. Click on the Delete Node button. The WinBoard main screen displays. The yellow ratsnest shows the net you selected from which to delete a node. All other nets have gray ratsnests. The pointer looks like this: EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat , signifying the Delete Node mode. When WinBoard is in delete node mode, and you click on a pad connected to the highlighted net, the node is deleted from that net. 4. Find the pad you need to disconnect from the net and click on it with the left mouse button. The ratsnest disappears from the pad and the net name changes to NULL. Each time you click on a pad connected to the yellow net, that node is deleted from the net. If you click on a pad which belongs to a different net, WinBoard tells you that you cannot delete a node that is part of another net. Click on OK to continue. 5. To exit the delete node mode, either press Esc or click the right mouse button. If you delete the wrong pad from the net you can toggle to the Add Node mode simply by pressing x, adding the connection in again, and returning to the Delete Node mode by pressing x again. Adding a New Net To add a new net to the netlist, follow these steps: 1. Click on the Netlist On the Fly button. 2. Click in the Nets list box and type the name of the new net. 3. Click on the Nets Add button. Even though there are no connections connected to the net, the net is added to the netlist. Edit net characteristics XE "Edit net characteristics"  Net characteristics such as track width and isolation may be edited directly on the board file using the Netlist on the Fly function. Click on the icon at left to load the Edit Netlist dialog box and follow the steps below to change the net characteristics:  Figure 2-49 : The Edit Netlist dialog box. Select the net to edit in the Edit Netlist XE "Edit Netlist"  dialog box, for example GND. The Edit button is now highlighted above the selection. Press the Edit button to make changes. This opens the following dialog box:  Figure 2-50 : The Edit Net Name dialog box. In the Edit Net Name dialog box, enter the changes in the lower text box marked Into: Use the format as shown directly over the box as follows: Netname Width Isolation ViaDiam Drill Layer NetType In the example above, the net named GND is changed so that the width is 30, isolation is 15, via diameter is 40 and the drill hole is 15. Press OK to make the changes. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Block CutXE "Block Cut" \b Use Block CutXE "Block Cut tool" \b (or Ctrl+X) to copy all objects within a selected block to the clipboard and delete them from the WinBoard file. Objects in the clipboard can be pasted into any WinBoard file. The Block Cut button remains dimmed and inactive until you select a block of objects. For information about selecting a block of objects, see Selecting Objects in Chapter 1: Editing Features. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Block CopyXE "Block Copy" \b Use Block Copy (or Ctrl+C) to copy all objects within a selected block to the clipboard. Objects in the clipboard can be pasted into any WinBoard file. The Block Copy button remains dimmed and inactive until you select a block of objects. For information about selecting a block of objects, see Selecting Objects in Chapter 1: Editing Features. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Block PasteXE "Block Paste" \b Use Block Paste to paste objects from the clipboard into a WinBoard file. After you have cut or copied a block of objects to the clipboard, unselect the objects by clicking with the left mouse button on a blank area. Follow these steps to paste the block of objects into a WinBoard file: 1. Click with the left mouse button on the Block Paste (or Ctrl+V) button. The block of objects is copied from the clipboard into the WinBoard file and remains selected. 2. Move the pointer near the selected block of objects until the pointer becomes a hand pointing at the block. 3. Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the selected block of objects to its new location. 4. When the block of objects is where you want it, release the left mouse button. The block of objects is no longer selected after you release the left mouse button.  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6 CAUTION: Be aware that it is possible to paste modules into your board file that do NOT exist on your schematic. You can also paste modules with identical part references to those already in your board file.EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat UndoXE "Undo" \b When the Undo button is active, you can undo commands by clicking once on the Undo button. You can use Undo to: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Undelete objects SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Undo moves Undo will continue undoing as many as thirty-two consecutive commands. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat SetupXE "Setup" \b Use Setup XE "Setup tool" \bto: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Select the objects to view on screen. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Change color settings in WinBoard. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Insert new layers XE "Inserting new layers" \bXE "New layer:inserting" \bor delete existing layersXE "Deleting existing layers" \bXE "Existing layer:deleting" \b. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Set the degrees of rotation for rotating an object. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Set the units for displaying the X and Y coordinates. The Setup dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-51 : The Setup dialog box. Use Rotation XE "Rotation"  to set the degrees you want to rotate an object on the WinBoard board file. Rotation can be set in increments as small as 0.01 degrees. Use Units to set the units for displaying the X and Y coordinates for the current location of the pointer. You can use mils, millimeters, or SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m. The X and Y coordinates for the current location of the pointer display at the right side of the screen, just to the right of the layer name indicator. Use Error Bell XE "Error Bell"  to enable or disable the error bell speaker. Select And Move XE "Select And Move"  allows an object to be selected and moved with the mouse without releasing the left mouse button. This mode allows faster module drag and move. Each time a module is selected and moved, the total ratsnest length XE "total ratsnest length"  (sum of manhattan distances XE "manhattan distances"  of all ratsnest) is displayed in the status area (if the netlist was compiled first). A force vector XE "force vector" , showing the direction for a better module placement that would reduce the total manhattan distance is displayed while the module is selected and moved. This also works for a group of modules selected and moved. Use Route With Left Mouse Button XE "Route With Left Mouse Button"  to use the left mouse button to route. Deselect this to use the pop-up routing menu. The keyboard shortcut keys work with this selected or deselected. Use Rotate/Flip Along Module Center XE "Rotate/Flip Along Module Center"  to rotate/flip modules around their center point rather than their reference point. If this is not selected, module will rotate around their reference (usually the center for SMD modules, and pin 1 for through hole modules). Use Auto Save XE "Auto Save"  function to automatically save board files. In the Setup dialog box you may select the time for auto-backup and the number of backups. This will save into the directory specified under Setup | Environment. The file(s) are named savbrdx.brd, where x = the number 1, 2, 3, ...to 32. Use Object Selection to select the objects on each layer to select the objects to view on screen. For more information about how Object Selection works, refer to Object Selection below. Use Color SelectionXE "Color Selection" \b to change the color settings. For more information about how Color Selection works, refer to Color Selection below. Use Layer EditXE "Layer Edit" \b to delete existing layers or insert new layers. For more information about how Layer Edit works, refer to Layer Edit below. Use Environment to set the directory structures for different projects. For more information about how Environment works, refer to Environment below. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Setup dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Setup dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Object Selection Use Object Selection XE "Object Selection" \bXE "Objects to view: Setting" \bXE "Setting objects to view" \bin the Setup dialog box to select the objects to view on screen. One exception is de-selecting zones XE "de-selecting zones"  (copper pours). Because zones may cover large board areas, Object Selection is used to turn the zone off visually and physically so that it may not be selected accidentally by clicking on it with the mouse. The Object Selection dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-52 : The Object Selection dialog box. Use Object Selection to set the types of pads, tracks, text, zones, objects, layers, and nets you view on screen. To view a particular pad, track, text, zone, object, or layer, check the box next to it. To select a net to view, click with the left mouse button on the net name in the Nets list box. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: Turning off layers in multi-layer board files can increase the screen redraw speed.Use All to select all of the objects to be viewed on screen. Use None to remove every X from every check box so that none of the objects are set to be viewed on screen. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Object Selection dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Object Selection dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Use Template Save to save Object Selection parameters that you want for future use. Color Selection Use Color SelectionXE "Color Selection" \b in the Setup dialog box to change the color settings. The Color Selection dialog box is shown next :  Figure 2-53 : The Color Selection dialog box. To change color settings in WinBoard, select the item for which you want to change the color by clicking on the button. The Color dialog box displays. Select the color you want just as you would in any other Windows Color dialog box, then click OK to accept your changes. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Color Selection dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Color Selection dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. Layer Edit Use Layer EditXE "Layer Edit" \b in the Setup dialog box to delete existing layers or insert new layers XE "insert a layer" . The Layer Edit dialog box is shown below : SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: WinBoard will not delete the solder layer. You can only delete a layer if the layer has no components on it.  Figure 2-54 : The Layer Edit dialog box. To delete an existing layer, click with the left mouse button on the Delete button to the left of the layer you want to delete. To accept your changes, click on OK. To insert a new layerXE "Inserting new layers" \bXE "New layer:inserting" \b follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on the Insert XE "Insert " \bbutton to the right of the layer to follow the layer you want to insert. WinBoard inserts a new layer called name. 2. Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the pointer across name in the text entry box 3. Enter a name for the new layer. 4. To accept your layer change, click on OK. WinBoard returns to the Setup dialog box. Use OK to accept the changes you have made to the Layer Edit dialog box and to re-display the main WinBoard dialog box. Use Cancel to exit out of the Layer Edit dialog box without saving any settings. Use Help XE "help:tool" \bto display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications. For each additional layer you want to add, click again on Layer Edit XE "Layer Edit " \bbutton and repeat steps one through four above. Environment Use EnvironmentXE "Layer Edit" \b in the Setup dialog box to set up the directory structures for different projects. The Setup Directories dialog box is shown below :  Figure 2-55 : The Setup Directories dialog box. WinBoard uses a project-oriented directory structure in which the files for a particular project are all stored in a project directory separate from other projects. WinBoard's default directory structure looks like the directory structure shown next : EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 2-56 : WinBoard's directory structure. There are three different types of WinBoard files: 1. Program files 2. Module library files 3. Project files By default, the program files belong in the \IVEX\WINBOARD directory, and include all program executable files and templates. Templates have a .tpl file extension. The module library files belong in the \IVEX\WINBOARD\LIBRARY directory by default. The project files should be in the project directory for the project to which they belong. Project files include board layout files, report files, print and plot files, and any other type of output files. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The program files directory and module library directories can be located anywhere on your computer that you like, even on a different hard drive. The \IVEX\WINBOARD and \IVEX\WINBOARD\LIBRARY directories are the default directories used when you load WinBoard onto your computer. You can also locate the project directories anywhere you like.To set the Program Files, Module Libraries, and Project Files directories, follow these steps: 1. Highlight the name of the program file, module library file, or project file directory you want to use, or enter a new directory name in the appropriate list box. 2. Click OK. The changes are accepted and the Setup dialog box displays. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The Program Files, Module Libraries, and Project Files directory list boxes are limited to eight entries per list box.Use Cancel to exit out of the Setup Directories dialog box without saving your changes. Use Help to display online help. The Help tool works similarly to online help in other Windows-based applications.  Zoom outXE "Zoom out tool" \b Use Zoom out XE "Zoom out tool" \bto zoom out to a larger area of the board file. The Home and End keys on the keyboard may also be used to zoom in and out. Follow the steps below to zoom out: 1. Select the Zoom out button. The pointer changes to:  EMBED PaintShopPro , signifying that WinBoard has entered the zoom out mode. The view on the screen pans as you move the pointer. 2. Place the pointer in the center of the area from which to zoom out, and click the left mouse button once. 3. To escape from autopan mode, click the right mouse button once. Zooming is done in the same increments as those available for scaling the WinBoard drawing. The table below shows the available zoom and scale incrementsXE "zoom increments" \bXE "scale increments" \b: MilsMillimetersSYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m.5 mil0.005 mm.5 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m1 mil0.01 mm1 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m2 mils0.02 mm2 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m5 mils0.05 mm5 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m10 mils0.1 mm10 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m20 mils0.2 mm20 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m50 mils0.5 mm50 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m100 mils1 mm100 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m200 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m500 SYMBOL 109 \f "Symbol"m Center Screen Use Center Screen XE "Center Screen tool" \bto change the center of the view on the screen. Select the Center Screen button, place the pointer in the center of the area to view, and click the left mouse button once.  Refresh ScreenXE "Refresh Screen tool" \b Use Refresh Screen to redraw the displayed area of the WinBoard drawing. The Z key on the keyboard performs the same function.  Zoom in Use Zoom in XE "Zoom in tool" \bto zoom in to a smaller area of the board file. The Home and End keys on the keyboard may also be used to zoom in and out. Follow the steps below to zoom in: 1. Select the Zoom in button. The pointer changes to:  EMBED PaintShopPro , signifying that WinBoard has entered the zoom in mode. The view on the screen pans as you move the pointer. 2. Place the pointer in the center of the area to zoom in on and click the left mouse button once. 3. To escape from autopan mode, click the right mouse button once. Zooming is done in the same increments as those available for scaling the WinBoard drawing.  Zoom Window The Zoom Window XE "Zoom Window"  button shown at left is located on the second toolbar with the other zoom buttons. The Zoom Window may be used to zoom in on a specified block and to toggle back and forth between the previous zoom setting and the zoom window. To use the Zoom Window, follow these steps:Define the area you want to zoom. To do this, click on the Zoom Window button and the cursor changes to a box with an arrow. Place the cursor at the starting point and click on the worksheet with your left mouse button, and while holding the button down, drag the mouse to define an area. When the area is defined, release the mouse button. This will zoom in on the block you defined. Note that the area you defined is still outlined with a dashed yellow line. Click on a blank area of the screen to remove the zoom window box, or click on the Zoom to Fit button to toggle back to the previous zoom level.  Zoom to Fit Use Zoom to Fit XE "Zoom in tool" \bto fit the current board file into the screen. TemplatesXE "Templates" \r "Templates" \b Templates were designed to simplify the process of repeatedly setting up board files that use the same tool settings. If you are continuously using the same tool settings for your board files, all you need do is load the appropriate template each time you begin a new board file. Templates are used to save all of the WinBoard tool settings from a particular board file. After you save a template, you can load the tool settings from that template into any board file. You can save as many different template files as you like. Save Template When you click with the left mouse button on the Save button in the Template area of any dialog box, the Save Template dialog box displays. Templates are saved in the program directory and have a .TPL file extension. To save a template, type a template name in the Template Name text entry box and click OK. You can also use Save Template in the File pull-down menu to save templates. Merely click with the left mouse button on Save Template in the File pull-down menu. When the Save Template dialog box displays, type a template name in the Template Name text entry box and click OK. When you save a template, all of the tool settings for the current WinBoard file are saved to the template file. The buttons listed below all have a Save button in the Template area of their dialog boxes: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Zone: Zone templates are zone settings, not actual zones displayed on a particular board file. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Thermal Relief SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Text SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Dimensioning SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Pass Mark SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Adhesive SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Target SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Mounting Hole SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Track, Outline & Edge SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Design Rules SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Setup: Settings are automatically saved with your board file when you save a board file. Load Template To load a template, follow these steps: 1. Click with the left mouse button on Load Template in the File pull-down menu. The Load Template dialog box displays. Templates are loaded from the directory in which program files are located and have a .TPL file extension. For more information about the location of program files, refer to Setup in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. 2. Click in the Template Name list box on the name of the template you want to load. 3. Click OK. The template you selected loads into the current board file. Template settings are loaded for all of the tools listed below: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Zone: Zone templates are zone settings, not actual zones displayed on a particular board file. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Thermal Relief SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Text SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Dimensioning SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Pass Mark SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Adhesive SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Target SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Mounting Hole SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Track, Outline & Edge SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Design Rules SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h Setup: Chapter 3: Using Module Libraries Module libraries are files that contain the information WinBoard needs to display modules in a board file. WinBoard comes with a set of module filesXE "module library files" \b. However, you can add as many custom libraries as you need. WinBoard uses the .LIB file name extension to differentiate module libraries from other types of files. File names are limited to prefixes with eight characters and extensions with three characters. Each library file can contain as many different modules as you like. You will probably want to group custom modulesXE "custom modules:creating" \bXE "creating custom modules" \b that have common characteristics in the same library for easy access. This chapter explains how to create module libraries. Creating Modules with the Module Creation LanguageXE "Module Creation Language" \r "MCL" \bXE "MCL" \r "MCL" \bXE "Creating Modules:MCL" \r "MCL" \bXE "Creating Modules:Module Creation Language" \r "MCL" \b You can create WinBoard modules in a text editor of your choice with the WinBoard Module Creation Language and compile them with the module compiler. This section explains how to use the module creation language to write module source files that enable the module compiler to compile module source files into module footprints. WinBoard's module compiler XE "Module Creation Language:module compiler" \bXE "WinBoard's module compiler" \buses module source files XE "module source files" \bto create module library filesXE "module library files" \b. Library files use the same prefix with different file name extensions for the module source file and the library file. Library files use the .LIB file name extension, while module source files use the .MOD file name extension. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: When you use the module creation language to create a module, be sure to save a copy of your module source file in case you later decide to make modifications to any of the modules in it.Before you use the module creation language, you must know how WinBoard's coordinate system works. WinBoard's point of origin (0,0) is at the top left corner of all WinBoard drawings. See figure 6-1. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure 3-1. WinBoard's coordinate systemXE "WinBoard's coordinate system" \bXE "Coordinate system:WinBoard's" \b All WinBoard locations are specified with positive (x, y) numbers. All measurements used in the module creation language, unless otherwise noted, are real numbers. That is, they may have both an integer part and a decimal part. The decimal part is optional. WinBoard uses microns as the default measurement unit. You can also specify millimeters or mils as the measurement units for modules you create. Conversions between mils and microns, inches and millimeters, and mils and millimeters are shown below. 1 mil = 25.4 microns 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 1 mil = .0254 millimeter The anchor point XE "anchor point " \bis the point around which the module rotates or turns and the point from which all other measurements pertaining to the module are made. The anchor point is usually located at pin one. Module Creation Language CommandsXE "MCL commands" \bXE "Module Creation Language:commands" \b The module creation language commands are listed and defined chronologically in this section. In most cases, examples are given after the command explanation. The module creation language is case insensitive. You can use uppercase and lowercase letters indiscriminately. Commands in this section are in uppercase courier type, as follows: BEGIN. The command delimiters that may be used between commands are: commas, spaces, and. A carriage return terminates a line and denotes the beginning of the next line. Comments may be entered by using two slashes (//) in front of the comment. An example of a comment is shown below: // This is a comment in the module creation language. UNITSXE "UNITS:MCL" \bXE "UNITS command" \b UNITS XE "Module Creation Language commands:UNITS" \btells the module compiler the kind of units to use for all of the following modules. UNITS may be defined once at the beginning of the source file for the whole library, or redefined as necessary for each module. UNITS may be defined as MIL (for mils), MM (for millimeters), or MICRON (for microns). If no units are specified, the module compiler uses microns by default. Examples: UNITS MILSets the units to mils.UNITS MMSets the units to millimeters.UNITS MICRONSets the units to microns.BEGINXE "BEGIN:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:BEGIN" \bXE "BEGIN command" \b BEGIN marks the beginning of the source code for a given module. The source code for each module must start with the word BEGIN. PAD STACKXE "PAD STACK:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:PAD STACK" \bXE "PAD STACK command" \b PAD STACK gives the compiler the specifications for creating the physical characteristics of the shapes in a pad stack. PAD STACK stack_name drill{ shape, orientation, xdim, ydim, xoffset, yoffset, [layer, layer, SYMBOL 188 \f "Symbol", layer] } PAD STACK defines the pad stack name, drill size, shape, orientation, dimensions, location, and layers on which the pad shapes are defined. Pad stacks XE "Pad stacks " \benable you to have different characteristics for a single pad on the top and bottom layer. You can also set the pad shapes on the inner layers to a smaller size to free up more room for routing. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You must define all pad stacks before you use PAD DEF or PAD STEP commands.Drill is the size of the drill hole for the specified pad. If the drill size is 0, the pad is assumed to be an SMD pad and will be placed on the component layer. If you later decide to change the layer of the pad, just double click with the left mouse button on the pad to edit its characteristics. Shape is the shape of an entry in the pad stack. Each pad stack can have a single entry or multiple entries to make up a shape. This is so that pads can have different shapes and sizes on the component and solder sides as well as on the inner layers of the board. There are two pad shapes: OVAL (for oval pads) and RECT (for rectangular pads). A pad stack may have as many different entries as necessary to define pad shapes. For example, you may want a bullet-shaped pad. You need two entries to define a bullet shape: a rectangle and an oval. See figure 6-2 for an example of creating a bullet-shaped pad. Orientation tells the module compiler how many degrees to rotate the pad shape. xdim and ydim are the x and y dimensions of the shape. If xdim and ydim are equal and the shape is OVAL, the shape displays as a circle. If xdim and ydim are equal and the shape is RECT, the shape displays as a square. x, y is the (x, y) location of the center of the shape with respect to the center of the pad. To achieve an irregular pad shape, you need to offset one or more of the shapes. See figure 6-2 for an example of how to create a bullet pad shape. EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-2. Creating a bullet pad shape. Create the bullet pad shape shown in figure 6-2 by placing a 50 mil square at the center of the pad and a 50 mil circle offset by 25 mils from the center of the pad. Layer tells the module compiler which layers each pad shape is located on. The layers must always be inside square brackets[ ] and separated by commas. Valid layers for through pads are: T For Top layer I For Internal layer B For Bottom layer Valid layers for SMD pads are: C For Copper P For SMD Paste Stack_name tells the module compiler the name of the pad stack. Stack names are limited to eight characters. Example and explanation: UNITS MIL PAD STACK bullet 35 { RECT, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0, [T, I, B] OVAL, 0, 50, 50, 25, 0, [T, I, B] }explanation: Pad stack named "bullet." The bullet has a drill size of 35 mils and is composed of a 50 mil square located at (0, 0) on the top, internal, and bottom layers, and a 50 mil circle offset from the center of the pad horizontally by 25 mils on the top, internal, and bottom layers.NAMEXE "NAME:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:NAME" \bXE "NAME command" \b NAME gives the module a name. NAME should be the same as the part name on the schematic and in the netlist. WinBoard uses this name to load the module from the library and place it into the board file. Module names are limited to fourteen (14) characters. Examples: NAME 14DIP300 NAME TO-5 PAD DEFXE "PAD DEF:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:PAD DEF" \bXE "PAD DEF command" \b PAD DEF gives the module compiler the specifications for inserting a pad in the module. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: You must define all pad stacks before using PAD DEF commands. See PAD STACK earlier in this chapter.PAD DEF, x, y, orientation, stack_name, "padname" PAD DEF defines pad stack location, orientation, which pad stack to use, and the name of the pad being defined. x, y is the (x, y) location of the pad with respect to the anchor point of the module. Orientation tells the module compiler how many degrees to rotate the pad. Stack_name tells the module compiler which pad stack to use. You must define the pad stack prior to using it in the PAD DEF command. For more information about defining pad stacks, see the PAD STACK section earlier in this chapter. Padname is the name of the pin at the location given in the PAD DEF command. Padname must be preceded and followed by quotation marks ("). Pad names may have up to four alphanumeric characters. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The parameters for an existing pad can be copied to a new pad if the new pad has either an x or y coordinate in common with the previous pad. This saves you the trouble of repeatedly typing the same information. This process is called pad stepping. For more information about pad stepping, see the PAD STEP section later in this chapter.Examples and explanations: UNITS MIL PAD STACK bullet 35 { RECT, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0, [T, I, B] OVAL, 0, 50, 50, 25, 0, [T, I, B] }Pad stack named "bullet." The bullet has a drill size of 35 mils and is composed of a 50 mil square located at (0, 0) on the top, internal, and bottom layers, and a 50 mil circle offset from the center of the pad horizontally by 25 mils on the top, internal, and bottom layers.PAD DEF, 50, 100, 0, BULLET, "1"Pad 1 at (50,100) with an orientation of 0, and the bullet pad stack shape.PAD DEF, 100, 100, 0, BULLET, "2"Pad 2 at (100,100) with an orientation of 0, and the bullet pad stack shape.PAD STEPXE "PAD STEP:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:PAD STEP" \bXE "PAD STEP command" \b PAD STEP, direction sign distance, "padname" PAD STEP tells the module compiler to insert a pad with the same pad stack, drill size, and orientation as the last pad defined prior to the current PAD STEP command, but to change the x or y location of the stepped pad. PAD STEP saves you the trouble of repeatedly typing the same information. You can only use PAD STEP for pads that have only the x or y locations changed. Pads can be stepped one pad at a time. For more information about the PAD DEF command, see the PAD DEF command description earlier in this chapter. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: If you need to change both the x and y locations, you must use the PAD DEF command by itself.Direction tells the module compiler whether to step horizontally (in the x direction) or vertically (in the y direction). The options are X or Y. Sign tells the module compiler whether to step down or to the right (+), or up or to the left (-). Distance tells the module compiler the distance to step the new pad from the last pad. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: The direction, sign, and distance must be one contiguous group of characters. Spaces are NOT allowed between direction, sign, and distance.Padname is the name of the pin located at the pad being defined. The padname must be preceded and followed by quotation marks ("). The padname may have up to four alphanumeric characters. Example and explanation: PAD STEP, X+100, "21"Pad stepped in the x direction +100 units with all of the characteris-tics of the pad before it, and named "pin 21"OUTLINEXE "OUTLINE:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:OUTLINE" \bXE "OUTLINE command" \b OUTLINE LINE, x1, y1, x2, y2, layer OUTLINE BOX, x1, y1, x2, y2, layer OUTLINE CIRCLE, x1, y1, radius, layer OUTLINE ARC, x1, y1, radius, arc_type, layer OUTLINE gives the module compiler the specifications for drawing the module outline. LINE tells the module compiler to draw a line from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2). BOX tells the module compiler to draw an orthogonal box with opposite corners at (x1,y1) and (x2, y2). CIRCLE tells the module compiler to draw a circle with the center at (x1, y1) and a radius specified by the radius parameter. ARC tells the module compiler to draw an arc with a center point at (x1, y1) and a radius specified by the radius parameter. All arcs are drawn as 90 degree arcs. x1, y1 are coordinates of the start of a line, the first corner of a box, or the center point of an arc or circle. x2, y2 are coordinates of the end of a line or the opposite corner of a box. Radius is the distance from the center of the circle or arc to the outer edge of the circle or arc. Arc_type tells the module compiler the type of arc to use. There are eight different types of arcs in WinBoard modules. The eight types of arcs are shown in figure 3-3. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure 3-3. WinBoard's eight different arc_types. Layer is an optional parameter that specifies which layer, or layers, the outline is to be drawn on. Layer options are: SOLDER, COMP, or BOTH. The default is COMP. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: All (x, y) dimensions are measured from the anchor of the module. In other words, the point (0, 0) is located at the anchor of the module. All objects defined with the OUTLINE command are placed on the silk screen layer of the board file. Examples: OUTLINE BOX, -100, 50, 800, 250Box outline with the first corner at (-100, 50) and the second corner at (800, 250). By default, the outline is drawn on the component side.OUTLINE CIRCLE, 50, 0, 200, SOLDERCircle outline with the center located at (50, 0) and a radius of 200 units. The outline is drawn on the solder side.OUTLINE ARC, 0,0, 2.3, 1, COMPClockwise arc outline of type one with the center located at (0, 0) and a radius of 2.3 units. The outline is drawn on the component side.TEXTXE "TEXT:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:TEXT" \bXE "TEXT command" \b TEXT, x, y, orientation, char_w, char_h, value, layer TEXT gives the module compiler the specifications for inserting text in the module. x, y is the (x, y) location of the insertion point of the center of the text string. Orientation tells the module compiler how much to rotate the text, in degrees. Char_w is the character width of the text. Char_h is the character height of the text. Value can be entered as a variable or as a string. Variable values include REF and VAL. REF and VAL act as place holders that are replaceable by another value later on. REF is a place holder for the reference designator on the module, such as U2, for example. VAL is a place holder for the value of the component, such as 74LS00, for example.  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6 CAUTION: REF and VAL are required to build a module. If you omit either REF or VAL, the module compiler will flag an error and terminate compilation of your module source file.String values may also be included, but must be preceded and followed by a quotation mark ("). Any keyboard character, except quotation marks, can be used in text strings. An example of a string value is shown below: "COMMON" Each text string has an insertion point in the center of the text string. The insertion point is the point around which the text is rotated if an angle other than zero is selected. Examples: TEXT, 125, -20, 0, 25, 50, REFText string with a reference designator place holder, located at (125, -20) and characters 25 units wide by 50 units high, on the component side.TEXT, 125, 880, 0, 25, 50, VALText string with a component value place holder, located at (125,880), and characters 25 units wide by 50 units high, on the component side.TEXT, 375, 430, 270, 25, 50, "N.O."Text string: N.O., located at (375,430) and characters 25 units wide by 50 units high, on the component side.TEXT, 275, 430, 270, 25, 50, "N.C."Text string: N.C., located at (275,430), rotated 270SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", and characters 25 units wide by 50 units high, on the component side.TEXT, -75, 430, 270, 25, 50, "COMMON"Text string: COMMON, located at (-75, 430), rotated 270SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", and characters 25 units wide by 50 units high, on the component side.GRIPXE "GRIP:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:GRIP" \bXE "GRIP command" \b GRIP, x, y GRIP gives the module compiler the location of the grip point for PC Board assembly automatic pick and place machines. x, y is the (x, y) location of the grip point with respect to the module's anchor point for automatic pick and place machines. The default value of GRIP is the module's anchor point (0,0). You only need to define GRIP if you want the automatic pick and place location to be different from the anchor location. Example: GRIP, 50, 25Automatic pick and place location of (50,25).ADHESIVEXE "ADHESIVE:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:ADHESIVE" \bXE "ADHESIVE command" \b ADHESIVE shape, x, y, dimension_w, dimension_h ADHESIVE gives the module compiler the shape, location, and dimensions of an adhesive dot on an SMD component for automatic adhesive machines. Shape is the shape of the adhesive dot. There are two adhesive dot shapes: RECT and DOT. x, y is the (x, y) location of an adhesive dot with respect to the module's anchor point for automatic adhesive machines. Dimension_w is the width of a rectangular shape. If the shape is DOT, Dimension_w is the diameter of the dot shape. Dimension_h is the height of a rectangular shape. If the shape is DOT, Dimension_h is not necessary. Example: ADHESIVE RECT, 0, 0, 25, 100Automatic adhesive with rectangular shape, located at (0,0), and 25 mils wide by 100 mils high.ADHESIVE DOT, 0, 0, 50Automatic adhesive with circular shape, located at (0, 0), and 50 mils in diameter.MOUNTINGXE "MOUNTING:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:MOUNTING" \bXE "MOUNTING command" \b MOUNTING style, x, y, drill_diameter, plate_diameter MOUNTING gives the module compiler the style, location, drill diameter, and plating diameter of amounting hole in a component. Style is the style of the mounting hole. There are three mounting hole styles: SQUARE, ROUND, and EMPTY. SQUARE, and ROUND are plated mounting holes. EMPTY is a non-plated mounting hole. x, y is the (x, y) location of a mounting hole with respect to the module's anchor point. Drill_diameter is the drill diameter. Plate_diameter is the diameter of the plated area. Plate_diameter applies only to SQUARE and ROUND holes. If the style is EMPTY, it is unnecessary to define the Plate_diameter. Example: MOUNTING SQUARE, 0, 0, 35, 50Mounting hole with square shape, located at (0, 0), and 35 mils wide and a plating diameter of 50 mils.MOUNTING EMPTY, 0, 0, 35Empty mounting hole located at (0,0), and 35 mils wideENDXE "END:MCL" \bXE "Module Creation Language commands:END" \bXE "END command" \b END marks the end of the source code for a given module. All source code between the BEGIN and END markers makes up the code for a single module. Compiling and Decompiling (MCL and Module Libraries) The Module Creation Language compiler compiles under MS-DOS or Windows. The Module Creation Language in version 2.0 includes a Windows interface and a function to Compile libraries XE "Compile libraries"  and Decompile libraries XE "Decompile libraries" .  Click on the icon at left to open the Module Compiler XE "Module Compiler"  dialog box. The MCL icon is located in the Ivex program group. In Windows 95, select Start, press Programs, then locate the Ivex program group.  Figure 3-4 : The Module Compiler dialog box. In the Mode section, click on the Compile or DeCompile radio button. Use Compile XE "Compile"  to Compile an ascii MCL source file into an Ivex library file. The MCL file extension must be the .MOD format. Use DeCompile XE "DeCompile"  to decompile an existing Ivex library file into MCL ascii format. The extension must be in the .LIB format. Enter the input file name in the Input File text box. Use the Browse button to help find the correct directory and file name. Press the Execute button to initiate the Module Compiler utility to compile or decompile. To compile your MCL files in DOS, follow these steps: 1. From the Windows Program Manager, double click on the MS-DOS icon. The MS-DOS window displays. 2. Enter: MCL LIBRARY.MOD LIBRARY.LIB where LIBRARY.MOD is the name of your module source file and LIBRARY.LIB is the name of the module library file you want the MCL compiler to create. Examples of modules created with the Module Creation Language This section shows screen captures of five different modules created using the module creation language, and the code used to create them. The figure below shows the 14DIP300 created with the module creation language code that follows: 14DIP300 EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-5. The 14DIP300 created with the module creation language code. The center of PIN1 is located at anchor point (0,0) . PIN1 is square. The code required to construct the 14DIP300 module is shown below: UNITS MIL PAD STACK O_55_25 25 { OVAL, 0.0, 55, 55, 0, 0, [T, I, B] } PAD STACK R_55_25 25 { RECT, 0.0, 55, 55, 0, 0, [T, I, B] } BEGIN NAME 14DIP300 PAD DEF, 0, 0, 0.0, R_55_25, "1" PAD DEF, 100, 0, 0.0, O_55_25, "2" PAD STEP, X+100, "3" PAD STEP, X+100, "4" PAD STEP, X+100, "5" PAD STEP, X+100, "6" PAD STEP, X+100, "7" PAD STEP, Y-300, "8" PAD STEP, X-100, "9" PAD STEP, X-100, "10" PAD STEP, X-100, "11" PAD STEP, X-100, "12" PAD STEP, X-100, "13" PAD STEP, X-100, "14" OUTLINE BOX, -50, -250, 650, -50 TEXT, 350, -150, 0.0, 25, 50, VAL TEXT, -85, -150, -90, 25, 50, REF END SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: For the PAD STEP commands above, the previous lines of text can be copied with your text editor, and the appropriate changes made in the text to save work.EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-6. TO-3 created with the module creation language code. The code required to construct the TO-3 module is shown below: UNITS MIL PAD STACK 43_95 43 { OVAL, 0, 95, 95, 0, 0, [T, I, B] } BEGIN NAME TO-3 PAD DEF, 0, 0, 0, 43_95, "2" PAD DEF, -440, 0, 0, 43_95, "1" MOUNTING ROUND, -220, -685, 151, 171 MOUNTING ROUND, -220, 532, 151, 171 OUTLINE LINE, -381, -863, -59, -863 OUTLINE LINE, -380, 710, -59, 710 OUTLINE CIRCLE, -220, -76.5, 525 OUTLINE LINE, -59, -863, 190.23, -400 OUTLINE LINE, -381, -863, -630.23, -400 OUTLINE LINE, -59, 710, 160.23, 280 OUTLINE LINE, -381, 710, -605, 280 GRIP, -225, -76.5 TEXT, 245, -675, 0, 35, 50, REF TEXT, 245, 522, 0, 35, 50, VAL END EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-7. MO-110AA created with module creation language code. The code required to construct the MO-110AA module is shown below: SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: It is not necessary to declare units because the previous module declared them as MIL.PAD STACK 20X60 0 { RECT, 0, 20, 60, 0, 0, [C, P] } BEGIN NAME MO-110AA PAD DEF, 0, 0, 0, 20x60, "3" PAD STEP, X+50, "4" PAD STEP, X+50, "5" PAD STEP, X+50, "6" PAD STEP, Y-280, "11" PAD STEP, X-50, "12" PAD STEP, X-50, "13" PAD STEP, X-50, "14" PAD DEF, -65, -65, 90, 20x60, "2" PAD STEP, Y-50, "1" PAD STEP, Y-50, "16" PAD STEP, Y-50, "15" PAD STEP, X+280, "10" PAD STEP, Y+50, "9" PAD STEP, Y+50, "8" PAD STEP, Y+50, "7" OUTLINE LINE, -75, -326, 254, -326 OUTLINE LINE, 254, -326, 254, -4 OUTLINE LINE, 254, -4, 215, 36 OUTLINE LINE, 215, 36, -70, 36 OUTLINE LINE, -70, 36, -110, -4 OUTLINE LINE, -110, -4, -110, -291 OUTLINE LINE, -110, -291, -75, -326 GRIP, 72, -145 ADHESIVE DOT, 72, -145, 25 TEXT, 72, -446, 0, 25, 50, REF TEXT, 72, 156, 0, 25, 50, VAL END EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-8. U201 created with the module creation language code. The code required to construct the U201 module is shown below: PAD STACK 55_80 55 { OVAL, 0, 80, 80, 0, 0, [T, I, B] } PAD STACK 125_175 125 { RECT, 0, 175, 175, 0, 0, [T, I, B] OVAL, 0, 175, 175, 87.5, 0, [T, I, B] OVAL, 0, 175, 175, -87.5, 0, [T, I, B] } BEGIN NAME U201 PAD DEF, 0, 0, 0, 55_80, "1" PAD STEP, X+344, "2" PAD DEF, -94, -437, 90, 125_175, "3" PAD STEP, X+532, "4" OUTLINE CIRCLE, 172, -437, 390 OUTLINE BOX, -125, -54, 469, 65 GRIP, 172, -437 TEXT, 172, -857, 0, 20, 25, REF TEXT, 172, 115, 0, 20, 25, VAL END EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Figure 3-9. CK12-B created with module creation language code. The code required to construct the CK12-B module is shown below: PAD STACK CAP_P1 51 { OVAL, 0, 94, 94, 0, 0, [T, I, B] } BEGIN NAME CK12-B PAD DEF, 0, 0, 0, cap_p1, "1" PAD STEP, X+400, "2" OUTLINE BOX, 90, -50, 310, 50 GRIP, 200, 0 TEXT, 200, -108, 0, 25, 50, REF TEXT, 200, 108, 0, 25, 50, VAL END Graphical Module Editor The Graphical Module Editor XE "Graphical Module Editor"  may be used to create new module footprints, or to edit existing ones. To load the editor, select Module Editor XE "Module Editor"  in the File menu as shown at left. This will load the following dialog box:  Figure 3-10 : The Edit Module dialog boxSYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: To specify units, press the Set Up button. Choose Mils, MM, or Microns.Define New Module To define a New Module XE "New Module" , press the New button in the Edit Module dialog box. This will load the following dialog box:  Figure 3-11 : The Define Module dialog box. Package Define the characteristics of the new module in this dialog box. To select the type of package XE "Module Editor:type of package"  click the appropriate radio button. The following Package selections are available: Dual In Line Quad In Line Connector Edge Connector XE "Edge Connector"  Grid Array Circular When you select a package, a representation displays in the view box. The view box also displays pad and module spacing represented by the following letters: UPad to Pad spacing from the pad center.XControl the number of pads in the X direction. This is used to create an SMD footprint with an unequal number of pads on each side.YSpecifies row to row spacing as indicated in the view box.ZSpecifies row to row spacing as indicated in the view box.RSpecifies the Radius for a circular package. Different settings are available for different packages. If a setting is not available for the package you specified, it will be grayed out in the dialog box. Pad A pad stack must be selected before a new module can be created. To specify a pad stack, press the Pad Stack button. The following dialog box will appear:  Figure 3-12 : The Library Pad Stack dialog box. Select or create the desired pad stack in the dialog box. Refer to Chapter 1 : Editing for more detailed instuctions on how to use this dialog box. Press the Place button to choose the pad stack and return to the Define Module dialog box. Number of Pads. Enter the number of pads for the module in this box. This number may change automatically depending on the values entered for the pad spacing. Also, for some modules, rounding may occur depending on the pad spacing values. So check for accuracy before placing the module. First Pad Reference: Enter the number for the first pad in this box. This is the Reference pad. Press OK when all the pad and module parameters have been entered. This will place the module footprint in the Module Editor work screen. For detail on how to use the Module Editor refer to the section, Using Module Editor. Load Library Module This section describes how to load a module footprint. The module may be either a new one you just created using the Define New Module dialog box , or an existing module that you want to edit. To load an existing module, press the Load button in the Edit Module XE "Edit Module"  dialog box. This will load the following dialog box:  Figure 3-13 : The Module dialog box. Library: Select the library for the module you want to edit. Scroll through the library names in the list of libraries box, then click on the desired library. The module associated with the chosen libraries will display in the Module list box. Module: Select the Module that you want to edit. Scroll through the list in the Module list box and click on the desired module. It will display in the view box. Click on the Z- or Z+ keys to reduce or enlarge the view of the module. Load: Press the Load button when you have selected the desired module to edit. This will load the chosen module and the Module Editor. Cancel: Press cancel to exit. Using the Module Editor The module editor is used for : Editing an exising module. Editing a new module. When you Load an existing module (see previous section : Load Library Module), or Create a new module (refer to previous section Define New Module) the Module Editor screen will appear as follows:  Figure 3-14 :.The Module Editor screen. Place the module in the Module Editor workarea as shown above. The Module Editor screen is different from the regular work-screen and includes a separate set of toolbar icons.  Figure 3-15 :.The module editor Toolbar. Following is a listing of each toolbar icon and a description of how it is used: IconDescrition:Create New Module XE "Create New Module" : Click on this icon to load the Define Module dialog box. Refer to Define New Module earlier in this chapter.Load Module: Click on this icon for the Module dialog box. Refer to Load Library Module earlier in this chapter.Write Module XE "Write Module:write, save module"  File: Click on this icon for the Add Module to Library dialog box as follows:  Figure 3-16 : The Add Module to Library dialog box. In the library section, click on an existing library or enter the name in the box. The modules associated with the chosen library will display in the Module list box. To enter a new library, the .lib extension must be used. Click on the module name to save, or enter a new name in the box. Press the Add button to save the module. If the module already exists it will ask you if you want to replace it. Press the Delete button to delete a module. Text: Click on this icon to add text to the module. Use for Part Reference and Part Value or other text. Text will place only on the layer where the module is placed. If you want text on the opposite layer, select or add it after the module is placed on the board. Dimensioning: Click on this icon for Dimensioning. Pass Mark: Click on this icon to place a Pass Mark.Book Mark XE "Book Mark" : Click on this icon to create or find a Book Mark. When you create a new module, the program will automatically add a Reference Book Mark to Pin One. This is used to determine the Rotation Point of the module. To move the Reference Book Mark, click on it with the left mouse button to select it. Then move it while holding down the left mouse button. The Rotation point is usually placed either on pin one or the center of the module. The Reference Book Mark is required for a valid module.Adhesive: Click on this icon to add Adhesive to the module. Adhesive is used to glue the SMT device to the board. You may specify either Dot or Rectangle. Adhesive is not required for a complete SMT module, but it is recommended that you include this.Grip Point XE "Grip Point" : Click on this icon to add a Grip Point to the module. A Grip Point is required for every module. Place this at the center of an SMT modules and on pin one of through hole modules. Use only one Grip Point per module! When you create a new module, the program will automatically add the Grip Point to the module.Target: Click on this icon for a Target.Mounting Hole: Click on this icon for a Mounting Hole.Create, Place Pad XE "Create, Place Pad" : Click on this icon for the Library Pad Stack dialog box as shown below:  Figure 3-17 : The Library Pad Stack dialog box. Use this dialog box to modify, change, or add pads to the module you are editing. Refer to the instructions in your Users Manual for complete details. Assign Pad Reference XE "Pad Reference" : Click on this icon to edit the Pad Reference of a module. Pin numbers are automatically added to new modules, this is only used to change the pin reference. For example: Click on the icon at left to load the following dialog box:  Figure 3-18 : Pad Reference. Enter the alphanumeric pad reference in the space provided, such as A1. Place the editor over the reference pin and click with the left mouse button. The reference pad has the flag book mark. If you are uncertain, use the F2 key to identify the correct pad. Continue clicking on each pin, it will sequence one number each time you click on a pad. Click on the Close button when you are done, this will close the Pad Reference dialog box.  Figure 3-19 :Editing Pad Reference. In the example above, we started on the reference pin (square pin) of the 8 pin connector with A1. The next pin to the right is A2, then A3, and the editor is currently on A4. Track, Outline, Edge: Click on this icon to load the Track, Outline, Edge dialog box as shown below:  Figure 3-20 : Track, Outline & Edge dialog box. Use the Module Outline function to draw the Module Outline. Click on the icon shown at left. In the Track, Outline & Edge dialog box, click on the Module Outline radio button as shown in the example. Only the Outline choices are highlighted. Select the Outline Width in the space provided and click OK. This will exit the dialog box and place the cursor in the Track/Outline mode. Click on the left mouse button for the drawing menu, or use the keyboard commands B for begin and draw the outline. Press N to end and complete the Outline. Press the right mouse button or esc. to exit the Outline Track mode. Global Edit: Click on this icon for global edit. Undo: Click on this icon to undo.Setup: Click on this icon for the setup dialog boxes. Use to change color, etc. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 Note: The icon description is shown in the Windows status bar located in the lower left corner of the screen. Hold the cursor over the icon to view the description.Saving a module  To save a module, select Save Module XE "Save Module"  from File menu or click on the Write Module File icon. Enter the name of the library and the module in the dialog box as described earlier in this section.  SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 Note: If you save a module without a Part Reference or Part Value, the Text dialog box will open automatically and prompt you accordingly. Both of these values are required for a valid module.Before you save a module, be sure that it is correct. Problems could result from an improperly specified or invalid module XE "Module Editor:invalid module" . Items to check for include: Part Ref and Part Val text names. These must be included and may not be specified as zero size text objects. If you do not want to view this text, then turn it off in the Setup dialog box. Reference Book Mark. This is usually on pin one. Grip Point. This is usually on pin one for through hole devises and at the module center for SMD modules. P XE "Module Editor:names" ad stack names must be 7 digits in length or less and may not contain spaces. Library file names must follow file name conventions, ie: they must not contain spaces or be more than 8 characters. Pin and Pad names are usually numbers and not names. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 Note: Be aware of the specifications for the module creation language (MCL). Objects such as tracks or mounting holes may not compile or decompile with MCL as they are not part of the MCL specifications. .Ex XE "Module Editor:grid array example" ample To create a Grid Array module, follow these steps: Load the module editor (click on File | Module Editor) then select New. In the Define Module dialog box, select Grid Array. The dialog box displays as follows:  Figure 3-21 : Define Module dialog box. To create a grid array 6 pads by 6 pads with 2 rows of pads, enter 100 for the pad spacing U, 500 for the total module width X and enter 36 for the number of pads. In this example we will use an existing pad stack. Click on the Pad Stack button. In the Library section, select dip.lib. In the Library Pad Stack section, select 25_50. A pad will display in the view box, press Place. In the Define Module dialog box, press OK. This will place the module in the Module editor screen. Notice that the module is a solid block of pads, 6 rows by 6 columns. Since you only want two rows of pads, you will need to delete the inner pads as follows: Hold the Ctrl key down while clicking on the 4 pads in the center. This will select the 4 middle pads. Press the Delete key to remove these 4 pads. The following diagram displays a before and after example.   Figure 3-22 : Before and After examples. You now have a 6 x 6 grid array with 32 total pads. Complete the module by adding a module outline, press the r key to route and draw an outline similar to the example below:  Figure 3-23 : The completed Grid Array. Complete the above module by adding Part Ref and Part Value and then save the module. Appendix A: Importing NetlistsXE "Importing Netlists" \r "import_netlists" \bXE "Netlists:Importing" \r "import_netlists" \b Appendix A describes importing netlists from other vendors schematics. Additions to Appendix A may come later as Application notes. Importing an Orcad Schematic NetlistXE "Orcad Schematic Netlist" \bXE "Schematic Netlist:Orcad format" \b You can create netlists from within Orcad SDT for WinBoard. We have supplied you with netlist utilities that create WinBoard netlists from within Orcad SDT. To create WinBoard netlists with your Orcad SDT product, you must be sure that the netlist utilities are installed in the correct directories. In addition, WinBoard has the following advanced options that you can use with Orcad SDT: SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h You can assign net properties to nets directly from within the schematics. This enables the system to remember specific tracks that should have more distance between them and other tracks. This is commonly done to prevent noise with high voltage tracks. SYMBOL 183 \f "Symbol" \s 10 \h When you assign module names in WinBoard, the names are automatically fed back into the Orcad schematics. You need to have a working knowledge of the Orcad tools to use the interface between Orcad and WinBoard. If you have any questions regarding the Orcad products, please refer to your Orcad documentation. Installing the Orcad InterfaceXE "Orcad Interface" \bXE "Orcad Interface:Installing" \b Orcad's netlist language has changed from version to version, and they have two different formats: 16 bit and 32 bit. Therefore, we have provided four separate utilities for different netlist versions. The utilities are installed in the netforms subdirectory (c:\ivex\winboard\netforms) and are listed by directory name below: netforms\SDTIV.40X\FwinBrd.cfOrcad SDT IV version 4.0Xnetforms \SDTIV.41X\FwinBrd.cfOrcad SDT IV version 4.10 and laternetforms \SDT386.10X\FwinBrd.exeOrcad SDT 386 version 1.0Xnetforms \SDT386.11X\FwinBrd.exeOrcad SDT 386+ version 1.1X or laternetforms \capture\FwinBrd.dllOrcad Capture In the file names and version numbers above, the x denotes any number between zero and nine. 4.0X includes any number from 4.00 through 4.09. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings"NOTE: There is no netlist format available for SDT version 3.XX because no netlist formatter was supplied by Orcad with those versions. To transfer schematic information into WinBoard, you will have to choose another netlist format. We recommend either EDIF or Protel format. Both of these formats will work. However, you will not be able to write the footprint module names back to your schematic or assign net properties.Place your WinBoard product disk number one in your "A" drive and change to the netlist directory on the "A" drive. To identify where you need to install the netlist formatter, you can enter the following DOS command: C:\> SET A long list of settings displays. You need to find a section that looks similar to the following: SET ORCADEXE=C:\ORCADEXE\ SET ORCADESP=C:\ORCADESP\ SET ORCADPROJ=C:\ORCAD\ SET ORCADUSER=C:\ORCADESP\ Find the line that begins with SET ORCADESP=. Make a note of the path that follows the equal sign and copy the correct netlist formatter to a directory with that path name, followed by \SDT\NETFORMS. For example, if you had Orcad SDT 386 version 1.10, you would copy the files with the following command: COPY a:\netlist\orcad386.11x\*.* c:\orcadesp\sdt\netforms. After the file fwinbrd.exe (fwinbrd.cf for SDT IV) is copied to the c:\orcadesp\sdt\netforms directory, you need to configure Orcad to generate a WinBoard netlist format instead of the netlist format it is currently set to generate. To re configure Orcad to generate netlists in WinBoard netlist format, follow these steps: 1. Start Orcad. 2. Change to the Template Design. 3. Select the Netlist button. 4. Select Local Configuration. 5. Select IFORM. 6. In the Netlist format list box, click on FWINBRD.EXE. 7. Click OK. Now you are ready to create a WinBoard netlist. Every time you create a new project, WinBoard format will automatically be configured for netlists. If you have an existing design for which you want a WinBoard netlist, follow these steps: 1. Start Orcad. 2. Change to the design for which you want an WinBoard netlist. 3. Follow steps three through seven above. Net PropertiesXE "Net Properties" \r "net_prop" \b You can control the net width and other related properties with the "Pipe" function in Orcad. The following text is an example of the net property text you need to place on your root level schematic: |WINBOARD |DEFAULT 15mil 12mil 35mil 17mil |AD0 12mil Each line must start with the pipe symbol: |. The first line must be: |WINBOARD It is important that WINBOARD be all in upper-case letters. One line must follow another without any blank lines. If you fail to specify the default net setting on the schematic, WinBoard's default setting will be used. Any properties you fail to specify on the schematic default to WinBoard's default settings. The first command must be the net identification. However, you may define as many or as few net properties aslong as you follow the coorect order of apperance. The net properties you can define are listed below followed by a list of variables and explanations of each variable. Properties enclosed in square braces are optional. For example, you need not specify units if you want to use mils. However, if you prefer millimeters (mm) or microns (um), you must specify the units you need. net_name twidth[unit] isolation[unit] via[unit],drill[unit] allowed_layer, allowed_layer nettype twidth The track width. unit The units in which the identifier is specified: mil (1/1000 inch), mm (millimeter), or um (microns). Mil is the default when nothing is specified. isolation The Isolation from track to other copper. via The via size. drill The drill size for the via. allowed_layer A layer allowed for routing. * Any layer. C Component layer. S Solder layer. +1 The first layer above the solder layer. -1 The first layer below the component layer. nettype T = Tree net. C = Chained net. An example of a pipe command is shown below: |WINBOARD |DEFAULT 12mil 8mil 35,17 * T |110V 35mil 45mil 55,12 -1,1 Assigning Footprint Modules For each part, Orcad has a Reference field, a Part Value field, and eight general Part fields. By using one of these general part fields, you can assign WinBoard's footprint module names to each component. To use Part Field 1 as the module part field, follow these steps: 1. Start Orcad and select Schematic Design Tools. 2. Select Configure Schematic Tools. The Configure Schematic Design Tools screen displays. 3. Move the pointer down to the Color Table section of the Configure Schematic Design Tools screen. 4. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the pointer across the text in the 1ST PART FIELDXE "1ST PART FIELD" \b text entry box. The text becomes highlighted. 5. Replace the text with the name used by WinBoard for the module. 6. Move the pointer down to the Key Fields XE "Key Fields " \bsection of the Configure Schematic Design Tools screen. 7. Just under Create NetlistXE "Create Netlist" \b, click in the Module Value Combine XE "Module Value Combine " \btext entry box and enter 1. 8. Select Home and click OK. You can choose to assign WinBoard footprint module names to each component on the schematic now, or you can assign them later when you load the netlist into WinBoard. You can also choose to assign footprint module names to as many or as few components as you like. It is NOT necessary to assign footprint module names to every component if you don't want to. The modules you assign in WinBoard can later be automatically inserted into your schematics. For information about automatically inserting the modules into your schematic, refer to Loading Netlists in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference. Netlist Import XE "Netlist Import" : Tango and Protel The Tango and Protel netlist formats XE "netlist formats"  have been changed in version 2.0 to take into account different flavor of the netlist format. The basic change is that it will automatically recognize where the Part Value from the device is placed. The basic Component in Tango and Protel netlist format is described as below. [ U9 20DIP300 74LS346 ] [ R1 RC06 RES 100K ] In the example above, there are two modules, U9, and R1. The 1.11 netlist reader would always use the third item, as the Module Part Value, but some products generating Tango netlist use that field for Type description, such as RES. The 2.0 version of the netlist reader will automatically detect that a fourth field is used, and use it as the Part Value. Appendix B: DRC DefinitionsXE "DRC:Matrix Definitions" \r "matrix_defn" \bXE "Matrix Definitions:DRC" \r "matrix_defn" \b This Appendix defines the terms used by the Design Rule Checking tools. Drill to other objects This section of the appendix defines the distance between drill holes and other objects. Drill-Min./Max. Drill-Min. XE "Drill-Min." \band Drill-Max. XE "Drill-Max." \bdefine the minimum and maximum drill size for drill holes, vias, and through hole pads. This parameter is useful because many board manufacturer's NC machines can only handle particular minimum and maximum hole sizes. If the hole is too big it needs to be cut out by an NC machine. The Drill-Min. and Drill-Max. size is the diameter of the drill. Drill-EdgeXE "Drill-Edge" \b Drill-Edge spacing is the shortest distance from the outside of the drill hole to the center of the board edge line. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-1. Drill hole to edge spacing. Drill-PadXE "Drill-Pad" \b Drill-Pad is the minimum distance allowed from a drill hole copper outline, to the copper of a pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-2. Drill to pad spacing. Drill-SMDXE "Drill-SMD" \b Drill-SMD is the minimum distance between the SMD pad and the drill hole. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-3. Drill to SMD pad minimum distance. Drill-TrackXE "Drill-Track" \b Drill-Track is the minimum distance allowed between the outer copper of the drill hole and the nearest track edge. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-4. Drill to track spacing. Drill-ViaXE "Drill-Via" \b Drill-Via is the minimum distance between the outer copper of the drill hole and the via copper. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-5. Drill hole to via spacing. Drill-DrillXE "Drill-Drill" \b Drill-Drill is the minimum distance between the outside edges of any two drill holes. These drill holes are vias, pads, or actual drill holes. With Drill-Drill, any distance from a drill hole to the edge is also checked for. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat B-6. Drill to drill spacing. Via to other objects This section of the appendix defines the distance between vias and other objects. Via Min./Via Max. Via Min.XE "Via Min." \b and Via Max.XE "Via Max." \b are the minimum and maximum diameter allowed for vias on the board. Via-EdgeXE "Via-Edge" \b Via-Edge are the minimum distance allowed from the edge of the via to any board edge. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-7. Via to board edge minimum distance. Via-PadXE "Via-Pad" \b Via-Pad is the minimum distance between the outside edge on a via to the outside edge of a Pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-8. Via to pad isolation. Via-SMDXE "Via-SMD" \b Via-SMD is the via to SMD isolation distance is defined as the minimum distance from the outside edge of the via, to nearest point on the SMD pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-9. Via to SMD isolation. Via-TrackXE "Via-Track" \b Via-Track is the minimum distance from the outer copper edge of the via to the outer edge of the track. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-10. Via to track minimum distance. Via-ViaXE "Via-Via" \b Via-Via is the minimum distance between the outer edge of one via to the outer copper edge on any other via. Tracks to other objects This section of the appendix defines the distance between tracks and other objects. Track-Min./Track-Max. Track-Min.XE "Track-Min." \b and Track-Max.XE "Track-Max." \b are the minimum and maximum width of a track anywhere on the board. Track-EdgeXE "Track-Edge" \b Track-Edge is the track to edge spacing calculated from the center of the board edge to the outside of the track. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-11. Edge to track spacing. Track-PadXE "Track-Pad" \b Track-Pad is the minimum allowed space from any track to any pad on the board. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-12. Track to pad spacing. Track-SMDXE "Track-SMD" \b Track-SMD is the minimum distance from any track to any SMD pad on the board. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-13. SMD pad to any track. Track-TrackXE "Track-Track" \b Track-Track is the minimum track to track spacing allowed between two tracks. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-14. Track to track spacing. SMD to other objects This section of the appendix defines the distance between SMD pads and other objects. SMD-Min./SMD-Max. SMD-Min.XE "SMD-Min." \b and SMD-Max.XE "SMD-Max." \b is the minimum distance in any direction, and the maximum distance in any direction. In the case of pad stacks, it will be the minimum and maximum distance in any angle or direction. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-15. SMD minimum/maximum. SMD-EdgeXE "SMD-Edge" \b SMD-Edge is the minimum distance from any SMD pad to any edge on the board. The distance is defined as the distance from the center of the edge to the outside edge of the SMD pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-16. SMD to edge isolation. SMD-PadXE "SMD-Pad" \b SMD-Pad is the minimum distance from any SMD pad to any through hole pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-17. SMD to pad isolation. SMD-SMDXE "SMD-SMD" \b SMD-SMD is the minimum distance between any SMD pad to any SMD pad. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat B-18. SMD to SMD minimum isolation. PAD to other objects This section of the appendix defines the distance between through pads and other objects. Pad-Min./Pad-Max. Pad-Min.XE "Pad-Min." \b and Pad-Max.XE "Pad-Max." \b are the absolute minimum and maximum size in any direction. EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-19. Pad minimum/maximum. Pad-EdgeXE "Pad-Edge" \b Pad-Edge is the minimum distance from any through hole pad to any board edge. The distance is from the center of the edge line, to the outer edge of the pad. Pad-PadXE "Pad-Pad" \b Pad-Pad is the minimum distance from any through hole pad to any other through hole pad, measured as the outside edge of the copper to the outside edge of the copper. Annular-Min./Annular-Maxtc "Annular ring " \L 2. Annular-Min.XE "Annular-Min." \b and Annular-Max.XE "Annular-Max." \b checks the annular ring of through hole pads, and vias. The number is calculated as (Pad radius - Drill radius). EMBED MSDraw \* mergeformat Figure B-20. Minimum/maximum Annular ring. Zone This section of the appendix defines the minimum zone width. Zone-Min.XE "Zone-Min." \b Zone-Min. is the zone minimum width at any point. The idea of this setting is to find any place where the zone may be too narrow and there may be a risk that the zone will be etched away, leaving floating copper areas. Appendix C: Keyboard CommandsXE "Keyboard Commands" \r "Keyboard_commands" \bXE "Commands:Keyboard" \r "Keyboard_commands" \b There are some commands you may enter simply by pressing one key on the keyboard. These commands are listed in the tables below. You may also easily find these commands on-line by selecting Help | Key Commands in the program. Track, Outline, and Edge Editing or Routing Key Commands KeyCommand DescriptionrRoute a track with Track, Outline & Edge routing mode.bBegin or continue placing vertices when placing a track, outline, or edge.mRoute more connections while in routing mode by pressing m. This tells WinBoard to show the ratsnest for the next connection on the netlist.nEnd a track, outline, or edge with the n key. WinBoard remains in the placement mode so you can continue placing tracks, outlines, or edges.Back spaceBacktrack or undo a segment while placing a track, outline, or edge.c or -Change to the next lower numbered layer and place a via while routing a track by pressing c. Repeatedly pressing c will continue to change layers until the solder side is reached.v or +Change to the next higher numbered layer and place a via while routing a track by pressing v. Repeatedly pressing v will continue to change layers until the component side is reached. KeyCommand DescriptionsChange the style while placing a track, outline, or edge. s mirrors the current track, outline, or edge segments around the location of the pointer. wDisplay the Track Parameter dialog box while routing a track by pressing w. The Track Parameter dialog box makes it possible for you to change: 1. The track width of the track segments after the current vertex. 2. The via diameter of all of the vias associated with the track after the current vertex of the track. 3. The drill size of all of the vias associated with the track after the current vertex of the track.xToggle through the routing style with x: 45SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", 90SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol", any angle, and arc. Each time the x key is pressed, the Track, Outline & Edge button changes to reflect the current routing angle or arc.ShiftDrag four track vertices at once by holding down the Shift key while clicking on the Track, Outline & Edge button. For more information, see Chapter 1: Editing Features.Shift + CtrlDrag a whole track at once while leaving the beginning and ending points of the track untouched by holding down the Shift and Ctrl keys while clicking on the Track, Outline & Edge button. For more information, see Chapter 1: Editing Features.Space BarTo edit a Module Outline. Hold down the Space Bar to edit the module outline on a board. (This is not necessary in the Module Editor.) Select the outline by holding down the Ctrl key and click with the left mouse button Function Key XE "Function Key"  Commands KeyCommand DescriptionF1Display online Help.F2Inquiry : Display pad and track information by pointing at a pad or route and pressing F2. For pads, F2 displays the net name, module name, and pin number. For routes, F2 displays the net name, connection by module name and pin number, and track length. The information is displayed in the Windows status bar located at the lower left corner of the screen.F3Global Edit tool. For information about Global Edit, refer to Global Edit in Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference.F4Rebuild netlist.F5Select & Highlight net. Place the cursor over the track to highlight and press the F5 key. This also shows the Total Net Length of the net in the Windows status area at the lower left corner of the screen.F6Toggles ratsnest visibility on/off.F7Compile Netlist on/off. Use for larger board (over 1000 pins) to speed up compilation when placing or moving modules.F8Find, Get & Place Module. Use to place using X, Y coordinates, etc.F9Display Total Ratsnest Length in the Windows status area at the bottom left screen corner.Numeric Key Pad Commands The numeric key pad XE "numeric key pad"  can be used to issue commands to WinBoard. The Num Lock must be on for the numeric key pad to function correctly. The numeric key pad is shown in the figure below with the command each key is used for. Num Lock On XE "Num Lock On"  : EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat Num Lock Off XE "Num Lock Off"  : EMBED PBrush \s \* mergeformat The 1, 3, 7 and 9 keys have the same function with Num Lock on or off. With Num Lock Off, the arrow keys (2,4,6,8) have the same function as the arrow key next to the ten key pad. Screen Panning XE "Screen Panning"  and Zooming XE "Zooming"  Key Commands KeyCommand DescriptionZRefresh the screen with the current pointer location as the center of the screen.HomeZoom in with the current pointer location as the center of the screen.EndZoom out with the current pointer location as the center of the screen.Object Manipulation Key Commands KeyCommand DescriptionSYMBOL 225 \f "Wingdings"Flip a selected object or group of selected objects up around the objects' reference point.SYMBOL 226 \f "Wingdings"Flip a selected object or group of selected objects down around the objects' reference point.SYMBOL 224 \f "Wingdings"Rotate a selected block of objects clockwise around the center of the block of objects.SYMBOL 223 \f "Wingdings"Rotate a selected block of objects counterclockwise around the objects' reference point.CtrlSYMBOL 225 \f "Wingdings"Flip a selected block of objects up around the center of the selected block.CtrlSYMBOL 226 \f "Wingdings"Flip a selected block of objects down around the center of the selected block.CtrlSYMBOL 224 \f "Wingdings"Rotate a selected block of objects clockwise around the center of the selected block.CtrlSYMBOL 223 \f "Wingdings"Rotate a selected block of objects counterclockwise around the center of the selected block. Appendix D: Question/Answer This chapter provides a reference for frequently asked questions. The format consists of a problem or question and an answer or description on how to do it. Problem or Question: How do I ...?Answer:Editing: Change the track width of a selected net?Place the cursor on the track. Press the F2 key to identify the net name on the status bar. With the cursor on the track press the F5 key to highlight the net. Continue pressing the F5 key on other nets if you want to change more than one net. When all the nets are selected, press the F3 key to bring up the Global Edit dialog box. Press the Track button and enter the new track width. Press Ok to exit the dialog box and make the changes. Also, see explaination in Chapter 2 : Netlist on the fly, Edit net characteristics. The program asks for the registration when you start the program. The registration number is written back to the EXE file and the program. If you are on a network, check to see if you have writing rights for the directory. Check with your network administer. Copy PCB.EXE to you local hard drive and run the program. Type in the Registration number, quit the PCB.EXE. Now copy the PCB.EXE back to the network. Occasionally errors or display problems. If you experience occasional application errors, or a situation where the system hangs, this may not be a function of the program, but simply a bug in your current graphics driver. Go to your Windows Setup and select the standard Windows driver for SVGA 800x600 and install. If problem persists, contact your graphics driver provider, and ask for a new driver. Often you will be able to download these from the manufactorer BBS systems, their number is generally stated in the manuals for the graphic cards. If a new driver does not solve the problem, please contact Ivex. Error message in netlist load: Pin reference XXX not found in Module YYY, part reference ZZZThis error occurs when pins described in the netlist do not exist on the module footprint. Its often seen in parts like transistors that have pin names like BASE and EMITTER on the schematic, instead of the expected 1, 2, 3, etc. You will need to update your schematic library to use pin numbers instead of names on all parts.How do I edit Module Part value or reference textModule text is a part of the modules, but may be selected individually. Most objects in WinBoard you simply select by clicking on them, but text and tracks on dense boards often are overlapping so it would be difficult to choose one to select. Therefore, to isolate text from other objects, simply hold down the Ctrl key, and click to select or double click the text to edit.Can not see all of the X, Y coordinates on the screen.You are probably using VGA 640 x 480. Change to SVGA 800 x 600 and it is all visable. Windows includes 800 x 600 drivers and these greatly enhance the performance and usablilty of your applications. Change under Windows Setup in the Program Manager. Refer to your Windows users manual for more details. You may also use the floating x,y coordinate box. Select Help | X Y Window.The printer does not seem to print properly.Printing is primarily a function of Windows and the print driver. If you experience problem, the first step should be to contact your printer manufacturer for an updated driver. The next step should be to contact Microsoft to determine if there are problems with Windows using certain printers or drivers.Where is my Gerber aperture file?If you are using the format 274-D, you must generate a separate aperature file. Refer to the section on Gerber in Chapter 2. It is recommended that the format 274-X is used as it is much newer and includes the aperature file.It does not place a via when I press the C or V key while routing.You must select the routing layers by holding down the Shift key and clicking on the layer button. Selected layers have RED numbers.I can not select text or smd pads by clicking on them.You must be on the correct layer. First select the layer by clicking on the layer button, then select the track or pad. Appendix E: Specctra Interface XE "Specctra Interface"  This section explains the process and flow of events when using the interface for the application to go from WinBoard to the Specctra autorouter by Cooper & Chyan Technology (CCT). The interface and the Specctra autorouter XE "Specctra autorouter"  are both options that are separate from this program. If you do not have these options and would like to inquire about them, contact Ivex or your Ivex distributor. The purpose of the Interface is to translate and convert board files created by WinBoard into a format that may be used by the Specctra router, then route the converted board file using Specctra, and finally to return the routed board file to WinBoard. Two utilities are included, they are: 1. Use WB2CCT XE "WB2CCT"  to convert from WinBoard to Specctra. 2. Use CCT2WB XE "CCT2WB"  to convert from Specctra to WinBoard. SYMBOL 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30NOTE: WinBoard is known as WinBoard PCB throughout the world except for Germany where it is known as Ivex PCB. The abbreviation WB refers to WinBoard PCB and Ivex PCB.How it works XE "Specctra Interface:How it works"  The WinBoard file, is translated into a Specctra file which describes the physical layout, and a "DO" file XE "DO\" file"  (*.DO), that tells the Specctra router how to handle the routing, number of routing passes, cleanup passes, etc. The following diagram shows the flow of events from WinBoard to Specctra and back to WinBoard:  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6  The flow in routing a board from WinBoard to Specctra.  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.6  The flow of returning the routed board to WinBoard.. WB2CCT translates the WinBoard file into a Specctra file which contains module descriptions, module placement, existing tracks, power zones, keep out areas, etc. The WB2CCT interface also has the option to generate a "DO" file, which controls the routing and automatically launches the Specctra router. CCT2WB reads the routed track information from the session files generated by Specctra. They are then merged with the original board file (non or partially routed), and written to a new WinBoard file. The original board is kept untouched, so you can reroute the board in case you want to run Specctra with different parameters. As a safety feature, you cannot overwrite the original file with the merged route file. Using the Interface Before you start, you first must save a board file in WinBoard. Refer to the WinBoard Users Guide for specific information. WinBoard to CCT Specctra (WB2CCT) In the Ivex Program Group, click on the WB2CCT XE "Specctra Interface:WB2CCT"  icon shown at left. This will load the interface and the following dialog box will appear: Figure E1 : The WB2CCT dialog box How to use the WB2CCT interface: Enter the name of the WinBoard placed board file in the space provided (WinBoard Placed File). Use the Browse function to assist finding the correct file and path. Enter the name you want to use for the routed board file in the space provided (WinBoard Routed File). Use the Browse function to assist finding the directory and path. Enter the setting you want to use in the area General Configuration. Enter the desired PreRoute Options. The three radio buttons options are Delete, Protect, or Unprotect. Enter the settings you want to use for the Do File Configuration. Press on the Execute button when you have entered your configurations and are ready to run Specctra and route the board. General Configuration There are four General Configuration XE "Specctra Interface:General Configuration"  settings: Wire Width, Wire Isolation, Via Size and Via Drill Size. Make the desired settings by entering the value in the space provided. Following is a definition of these four settings: OptionExplanationWire WidthSpecify the default track width that Specctra will use during the routing process. You can specify with one decimal point accuracy in mils. example: 6.5 mils. The default setting is 12 mils. This setting only applies to nets whose track widths were not specified in the netlist imported into WinBoard.Wire IsolationSets the default isolation to other copper while routing. You can specify with 1 decimal point accuracy in mils. The default setting is 8 mils. Nets that carry an isolation setting from the board file will keep the original setting.Via SizeDefine the default Via size that the router will use. Specified with 1 decimal point accuracy in mils. The default setting is 30 mils. Nets that carry a via setting from the board file will keep the original setting.Via Drill SizeDefines the drill size for the Default Via, specified in mils with 1 decimal accuracy. The default setting is 12 mils.PreRoute Options Enter the desired PreRoute Options XE "Specctra Interface:PreRoute Options" . The three radio buttons options are as follows: OptionExplanationDelete Removes all existing tracks before transferring the design to the Specctra router.Protect Locks the routes on the board that you have already placed. e.g. if you pre-routed the GND and VCC nets, you can prevent Specctra from changing them by enabling this option. Please be aware that the over-use of protected tracks may prevent the autorouter from reaching an acceptable solution. It is best to preroute only critical nets, then let Specctra finish the job.Unprotect Leaves the tracks that you have already routed, but not protect them from being moved by Specctra.Do File Configuration Check the box next to Use Do File XE "Specctra Interface:Do File"  to use the Do File Configuration options. This will also automatically launch the Specctra autorouter and return when the board is routed. We suggest you start by using this option. If you choose to not use the Do File option, then you will need to manually launch Specctra and make the configuration settings within Specctra. Set the Specctra Path XE "Specctra Interface:Specctra Path"  in the space provided. Use the Browse button to locate the Specctra.exe file. You must set this path location for the Do File to work and automatically launch Specctra. Once you make the path setting, the interface will save it. The following table has definitions for the Do File Configuration settings: OptionExplanationUse DO FileIf you enable this option, WB2CCT will create a DO file with the options listed below, and automatically launch Specctra when you click on Execute.Wire GridSpecifies the routing grid for tracks. Specified in mils, with one decimal point accuracy. The default setting is 1 mil.Via GridSpecifies the via grid on which Specctra will place vias. The default is 1 mil, and should be set to that when you use the Smart option.Smart GridWhen this is enabled Specctra will calculate a grid for the Via that will allow two tracks between two vias. This grid will be used during the first 3 passes, after that it will resume the value set under Via Grid. Be aware that you could use vias as test points, and hence they should be placed on a 25 mil grid. Bus DiagonalIf you select this option, the first routing pass will be for bus routing. The bus routing routes only regular arrays, such as memory.Protect All WiresWill lock all the routed bus connections so that they won't be moved on subsequent routing passes.Via Under SMDAllows Specctra to place a via under an SMD pad.Route Pass 1Specifies the number of passes in the first route batch. The default value is 25. The router stops automatically if it encounters a complete route pass and skips the rest of the routing passes, jumping to the next command. For two layer boards specify a higher number than 25: typically 50 passes.Clean Pass 1The number of cleanup passes after the first route pass. Cleanup removes unnecessary vias, and shortens tracks. The default setting is 2.Route Pass 2Set the Start Pass number for the second routing pass, default value is 50. Route Start 2Specifies the number of passes in the second routing batch. The default value is 16.Clean Pass 2The number of cleanup passes after the second route pass. The default setting is 4.Use FanoutOn SMD boards with more than 2 routing layers, enable this option to allow the Wires to "escape" from SMD components. See the Specctra documentation for more information. It is recommended that you not use Fanout XE "Fanout"  on two layer boards. Instead, increase the number of routing passes to 50 or above.Fanout PassesNumber of fan out passes to perform. Normal setting for a complex SMD board will be around 5.Fan InUses Fanout inside SMD components. The vias are placed inside the boundry of SMDs.Fan OutUses Fanout outside SMD components. In the case where both Fan In and Fan Out are enabled, fanout will be performed both inside and outside the components.Power OnlyEnabling this option will limit the Fanout to be performed on Power nets only. (Please see Zones regarding issues pertaining to the defining of power nets).Specctra PathDefine where SPECCTRA.EXE is. Use the file browse to locate SPECCTRA.EXE.ExecuteIf you choose to use the DO File, Execute will convert a WinBoard board file to the Specctra format and launch Specctra. When finished, you will have a "session" output file. If DO file is not selected, Execute will just output a Specctra-format file (*.CCT).CloseLeaves the WB2CCT program.Layer Properties Use Layer Properties XE "Specctra Interface:Layer Properties"  to assign nets to a board layer that the Specctra should not route. This is used for specifying nets such as ground planes that do not need to be routed because there will be a copper pour area making the connections. When you specify the WinBoard Placed File, each layer in the placed file is listed in the area under Layer. Also, each net on the board is listed in the pull-down menu next to Net. Press Add Net to assign a net to a specified layer. First select a layer, then press Add Net to assign it. Press Delete to remove an assigned net. Example: Enter a board name in the WinBoard Placed File entry box. Select a layer for the ground plane under the list Layer. Select a net such as GND from the pull down box next to Net. Press the Add Net button. The GND net will now appear next to the layer selected and will be listed under Net Assigned. Press the Execute button to launch Specctra and route the board. When Specctra is done and the board is routed, it will automatically return to the interface and the button To WinBoard will be enabled. Press the To WinBoard button to launch the CCT2WB interface to complete the process. See the instructions for CCT2WB. CCT Specctra to WinBoard (CCT2WB) In the Ivex Program Group, click on the CCT2WB XE "Specctra Interface:CCT2WB"  icon shown at left. This will load the interface and the following dialog box will appear: Figure E2 : The CCT2WB dialog box. The CCT2WB dialog box has three inputs, the WinBoard Board File that has the name of the original placed board, the Specctra Session File which contains the autorouting results, and the WinBoard Routed File which is the name for the new file for the routed board. OptionExplanationSpecctra Session FileThe session file is generated when running the DO file. If you run Specctra manually, you will have to be sure to save the session file when you have finished routing.WinBoard Board FileIdentifies the original WinBoard file which holds the module placement information.WinBoard Routed FileThe name for the new board file that will contain the routed board.MergePerforms the merge function and saves the routed board file.ExitLeaves the program. Press the Merge button to merge the Session file with the placed board file. This will complete the process and save the new routed board in the file specified as the WinBoard Routed File. The process is now complete. Return to WinBoard and load the new routed board file. Tutorial This short tutorial XE "Specctra Interface:Tutorial"  gives you a quick tour of the routing process with Specctra. Very often you will be able to route your board with the DO file options that are available in the WB2CCT program. Specctras advanced (optional) features are beyond the scope of this tutorial. Refer to the Specctra documentation for guidance in their use. Run the WinBoard program. Load NEWDEMO.BRD (a partially routed demonstration board file), and look at it. Notice that it is without tracks. Launch the WB2CCT program. The WB2CCT dialog box appears. Press the Browse button next to WinBoard Placed File and choose NEWDEMO.BRD. This is usually in the \Ivex\Demo directory. Press the Browse button next to WinBoard Routed File and choose the same directory path as the placed board, however enter a new board name such as NEWX.BRD. Press on the Specctra Path Browse button, and find the SPECCTRA.EXE file (normally located in the \SPECCTRA\BIN directory). Change the Wire width setting to 8.0 and the Wire Isolation to 12.0. Check the box next to Use Do File. This will enable the automatic execution of the Specctra router. Press on the Execute button to begin. WB2CCT creates the .CCT and .DO files, and then launches the Specctra router. After Specctra has finished it's Routing and Cleaning passes, it will return to the WB2CCT dialog box and enable the To WinBoard button. Press the To WinBoard button. This will open the CCT2WB dialog box. Verify that the file names in the three dialog boxes are correct. Press the Merge button to complete the process. Load the new file into WinBoard. It is very easy to run the Specctra router. Most boards can be routed using only the DO file, and the associated options. Advanced Use In case you need to control more routing parameters than possible with the WB2CCT interface, you will have to use a slightly different approach: Convert the board with the WB2CCT program, but disable the DO file option, as that will cause the interface only to generate a .CCT file. Load the .CCT file into Specctra following their documentation. When done routing, save a Session file. Now load the CCT2WB program, and merge the original Board file, with the Session file into a new board file. Power Planes XE "Specctra Interface:Power Planes"  If you chose netnames such as VCC or GND to be associated with specific layers, no routing will have been done on those layers. after Specctra has finished signal routing, place copper zones on those layers to form the power planes as desired. If you want split power planes you only need to place several zones with different net names on the same layer. For example, to have a split power plane with three areas, connected to AGND, DGND and CGND on layer 3, place the three zones on layer 3 and assign the appropriate net names to each of the power zones. symbol 70 \f "Wingdings" \s 30 NOTE: The only way to tell Specctra that a net is a power net is to associate that net with a specific layer, as described in Using the Interface section above.Limitations Because WinBoard and Specctra handle objects differently, there are some limitations XE "Specctra Interface:Limitations"  about which you should know. The main limitation is that Specctra does not handle arcs in a polygon (copper zone). Copper zones should be placed AFTER all signial routing is completed, as the last step! Since Specctra does not handle arcs, all arcs in zones and board edge will be substituted with line segments. But because only tracks are merged onto the board file, the original zones or outlines containing arcs will still be on the board. You only need to check that no traces are overlapping the arc segments by running DRC. The resolution is preset to 0.1 mil and cannot be changed. Only mil units are supported. The following objects will be represented as keep-out areas in Specctra: mounting holes, targets and copper text. Only through vias are supported (no blind or buried vias). The part of the interface that merges the routed tracks into WinBoard reads the tracks from the Session file, and does not transfer any module information. Modules come only from the original board file. So you cannot move modules in Specctra. Glossary Active LayerXE "Active Layer" \b The board layer that is currently being routed or edited. AdhesiveXE "Adhesive" \b Adhesive dots are used for attaching SMDs to the PC board in manufacturing. Analog CircuitXE "Analog Circuit" \b A circuit made up mostly of discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors, which produces data represented by a physical variable such as voltage, resistance, or rotation. Anchor pointXE "Anchor point" \b The anchor point is the point around which a module rotates or turns and the point from which all other measurements pertaining to the module are made. The anchor point is usually located at pin one. ApertureXE "Aperture" \b A hole, such as that in a camera, that is used for Gerber photo plotting. Apertures can be various sizes and shapes. ArtworkXE "Artwork" \b A to-scale master pattern representing tracks and pads used to produce a printed circuit board. ASCIIXE "ASCII" \b An acronym for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange." A seven-bit code representing alphanumeric and other instructions from a computer keyboard, such as Enter, Backspace, and Delete. ASICXE "ASIC" \b An acronym for "Application Specific Integrated Circuit." AutopanXE "Autopan" \b A mode that automatically moves the viewing window when the pointer comes up against the edge of the screen. Blind ViaXE "Blind Via" \b A pathway between two or more layers of a multi-layered PC board that only reaches one outside layer of the board and has a copper pad on that outside layer (usually the component side of the board). Vias are used to connect signals (or tracks) between layers of a PC board. BlockXE "Block" \b A particular section of a WinBoard file that is selected and manipulated as one entity. BookMarkXE "BookMark" \b Book marks are used to mark specific locations on WinBoard board files enabling you to find them easily. You place a bookmark at a particular location on the board file. Then when you are editing at a different location and want to move back to the location of the bookmark, you use the BookMark button on the toolbar to pan the screen back to the location of the bookmark. Buried viaXE "Buried via" \b A pathway between two or more layers of a multi-layered PC board that does not reach either outside surface of the board. The hole itself is coated with copper, and is used to connect signals (or tracks) between layers of a PC board. BusXE "Bus" \b A thick track or conductive metal strip on a PC board used to connect a series of smaller tracks together and distribute voltage, grounds, and so on. CADXE "CAD" \b An acronym for "Computer Aided Design." CAEXE "CAE" \b An acronym for "Computer Aided Engineering." CAMXE "CAM" \b An acronym for "Computer Aided Manufacturing." ChamferXE "Chamfer" \b A broken or cut corner on a printed circuit board edge used to eliminate an otherwise sharp edge. ClearanceXE "Clearance" \b The area around a pad, route, or via which must not intrude upon conductors of another signal set. CMOSXE "CMOS" \b An acronym for "Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor" integrated circuit. Component SideXE "Component Side" \b The top layer of the PC board on which most of the components are mounted. WinBoard always uses the highest numbered layer for the component side. ConductorXE "Conductor" \b One single conductive path. Contiguous segmentXE "Contiguous segment" \b One continuous portion of a track with no bends or vias. Copper ZoneXE "Copper Zone" \b A single area of a PC board covered with a layer of copper when manufactured. Also known as a "metal zone." Design on the FlyXE "Design on the Fly" \b The process of designing a PC board without a pre-existing schematic, or changing the board design without the help of a schematic. The WinBoard Netlist on the Fly tool can be used for designing on the fly. Design RulesXE "Design Rules" \b Parameters that are used by the Design Rules tool to make sure that the isolations between the pads and tracks on your board file are wide enough. In WinBoard, you may set your own design rules with the Design Rules button. Design Rule CheckXE "Design Rule Check" \b A design rule check insures that the isolations between pads and tracks on a routed layout are wide enough. DIPXE "DIP" \b A component with two straight rows of pins or leads. Double-Sided BoardXE "Double-Sided Board" \b A PC board with conductive pathways on both sides. DownloadXE "Download" \b The process of using a modem over a telephone line to copy a file from the bulletin board system. DragXE "Drag" \b When you drag a selected object or block of objects, connectivity is maintained. When you drag a block of objects, the portions of track that are included in the block appear to stretch as you drag the block to its new location. This stretching is referred to as rubberbanding. When you place a block of objects, the track segments are extended to maintain their original connectivity. DRCXE "DRC" \b An acronym for "Design Rule Check." A design rule check insures that the isolations between pads and tracks on a routed layout are wide enough. Dual In-Line Package XE "Dual In-Line Package" \b(DIPXE "DIP" \b) A component with two straight rows of pins or leads. EDAXE "EDA" \b An acronym for "Electronic Design Automation." ExcellonXE "Excellon" \b NC drill excellon format. EDIFXE "EDIF" \b An acronym for "Electronic Design Interchange Format." EDIF was established as a standard by ANSI for transferring electronic data, such as netlists and PC board layout files. EdgesXE "Edges" \b Lines which define the border of a PC Board. Feed-Through HoleXE "Feed-Through Hole" \b A hole that goes through a PC board and connects with both the top and bottom layers. The hole itself is coated with copper. The connection with the layers both inside and outside of the board is accomplished with copper on the layers connecting to the feed-through hole. FootprintXE "Footprint" \b An outline of a device. A module consists of one or more pads, an outline, and at least two names. PC boards layouts are composed of groups of modules on a common surface with routes connecting the modules together. Grip PointXE "Grip Point" \b The reference point on a module used by PC Board assembly automatic pick and place machines. Ground PlaneXE "Ground Plane" \b A portion of a layer or a whole layer of a board file devoted exclusively to ground connections. Ground planes typically use thermal reliefs to make electrical connections to minimize the build-up of heat on the ground plane. The whole plane is composed of copper with the exception of the connectionswhere thermal reliefs are used. See Thermal Relief. Ground Plane ClearanceXE "Ground Plane Clearance" \b A hole or open area in a ground plane used to keep the anything inside the area from connecting with the ground plane. GuardXE "Guard" \b Short for "Routing Guard." While routing a track, there are colored lines on both sides of the track. These colored lines are the routing guard and are the same color as the track color for the layer you are routing on. The routing guard surrounds the track you are routing to show the clearance limits for the track you are routing. HP-GLXE "HP-GL" \b Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language. The plotter protocol used by Hewlett-Packard plotters and printers. ICXE "IC" \b An acronym for "Integrated Circuit." In Circuit TestXE "In Circuit Test" \b In Circuit Test produces the pin and via locations of through and blind vias only for all nets in a board file. The two main uses for the In Circuit Test output are: 1. To use for producing in-circuit test fixtures. 2. To give test information to in-circuit test probes. LayerXE "Layer" \b PC boards are laid out in layers. When a PC board is manufactured, the layers are created by etching portions of the copper coating away from thin sheets of an insulating material, and then sandwiching the layers of insulating material and copper together to make one complete PC board. LayoutXE "Layout" \b A drawing or representation of a PC board, its components, and circuitry. LibraryXE "Library" \b A collection of often-used modules stored on disk to make the PC board design process faster and easier. MCLXE "MCL" \b An acronym for Module Creation Language. A set of commands used to create modules for WinBoard. You use a text editor to create the module creation language source file, then compile the source file with the module compiler to create the module library file. MegabyteXE "Megabyte" \b Just over one million bytes: 220 (1,048,576) bytes. Metal ZoneXE "Metal Zone" \b A single area of a PC board covered with a layer of copper when manufactured. MicronXE "Micron" \b One millionth of a meter. MilXE "Mil" \b One thousandth of an inch. 1 mil = 25.4 microns 1 mil = .0254 mm ModuleXE "Module" \b A footprint of a device. A module consists of one or more pads, an outline, and at least two names. PC board layouts are composed of groups of modules on a common surface with routes connecting the modules together. Also known as a "part decal." Mounting HoleXE "Mounting Hole" \b A hole that goes all of the way through a PC board and is used to mount the PC board inside of the electronic device the PC board becomes a part of, or to attach components to the PC board. Multilayer PC BoardXE "Multilayer PC Board" \b A PC Board with alternate layers of conductive patterns and insulating material bonded together. The conductive patterns consist of more than two layers, and are interconnected as needed between layers. NC DrillXE "NC Drill" \b Numerically controlled drilling information in Excellon format. NegativeXE "Negative" \b A production master in which the conductive pattern is transparent and areas without conductive material are opaque. NetXE "Net" \b A collection of electrical signals that connect together to produce one collective signal. NetlistXE "Netlist" \b A list of all connections for each net on a PC board file. Net NameXE "Net Name" \b The name used to identify a collection of electrical signals that connect together to produce one collective signal, or net. No Metal ZoneXE "No Metal Zone" \b An area of a PC Board where no metalincluding tracksare allowed. No Via ZoneXE "No Via Zone" \b An area of a PC Board where no vias are allowed. PadXE "Pad" \b A copper-plated area on the front or back of a PC board that is used to make a connection between an electronic part, the PC board, and routes in the PC board. Pad StackXE "Pad Stack" \b WinBoard allows differently shaped pads on different layers of the PC board by using pad stacks. Pad stacks enable you to change the characteristics of a single pad on the top and bottom layers. This helps to free up more room when available routing space is at a minimum. Each pad is created as a stack of pads. You can create pad stacks with differently shaped pads on different layers of the PC board. Pad StepXE "Pad Step" \b A method of copying a single pad definition to produce multiple pads. Pad Stepping is used to speed up the pad definition process in WinBoard's module creation language (MCL). ParkXE "Park" \b An uncompleted track or route. A track is parked as soon as you end the track and either go on to route the next track, or escape from the routing mode. Partial LinkXE "Partial Link" \b Partial links are partially routed net connections. Partial routes are also know as parked routes. Pass MarkXE "Pass Mark" \b Used to indicate the layer numbers on all of the layers of a PC board. Pass Marks consist of a box with a layer number inside for each layer of the PC board. The box that surrounds each consecutive layer number is located next to the box surrounding the preceding layer number. Pass marks are used to distinguish between different layers of artwork. All layers are placed simultaneously as one part. PCBXE "PCB" \b An acronym for "Printed Circuit Board." PC BoardXE "PC Board" \b Printed Circuit Board. Photo plottingXE "Photo plotting" \b The process of producing photographic masters, or negatives, for the production of a printed circuit board. Pick & PlaceXE "Pick & Place" \b A report of the locations of the modules and adhesive dots used by automatic pick and place machines and automatic adhesive machines. PinXE "Pin" \b The metal portion of an electronic component where an electrical connection can be made. PlaceXE "Place" \b The process of putting modules on a PC board. PlottingXE "Plotting" \b The process of making a copy of the artwork for a PC board layout on a plotter. PointerXE "Pointer" \b An arrow or other graphical representation on the screen that moves as you move the mouse. PositiveXE "Positive" \b A production master in which the conductive pattern is opaque and areas without conductive material are transparent. Power PlaneXE "Power Plane" \b A portion of a layer, or a whole layer, of a board file devoted exclusively to power connections. Power planes typically use thermal reliefs to make electrical connections to minimize the build-up of heat on the power plane during soldering. The whole plane is composed of copper with the exception of the connectionswhere thermal reliefs are used. See Thermal Relief. PromptXE "Prompt" \b A question or statement from a computer program requesting that you enter specific information or perform a specific task. Radial LeadXE "Radial Lead" \b A lead or wire extending from the side of a radial component such as a transistor. RatsnestXE "Ratsnest" \b A line connecting two or more pads in a PC board file that are part of the same net, but not yet physically connected. ReferenceXE "Reference" \b A unique name given to a module on a PC Board file, such as U2, to distinguish each unique module from the other modules. RegistrationXE "Registration" \b The arrangement of all layers of artwork so that all of the pads on all layers of the PC board align correctly. ResistXE "Resist" \b A coating used to protect particular areas of a PC board from being etched, soldered, or plated. RouteXE "Route" \b The process of placing copper traces, known as routes, between common electrical signals (composed of nets) on a PC board. Routing GuardXE "Routing Guard" \b While routing a track, there are colored lines on both sides of the track. These colored lines are the routing guard and are the same color as the track color for the layer you are routing on. The routing guard surrounds the track you are routing to show the clearance limits for the track. RubberbandXE "Rubberband" \b The way connectivity is maintained when you drag a selected object or block of objects. As you drag a block of objects, the ends of tracks that are included in the block appear to stretch as you drag the block to its new location. This stretching is referred to as rubberbanding. When you place a block of objects, the track segments are extended to maintain their original connectivity. SegmentXE "Segment" \b A single portion of a route without vertices. Silk ScreenXE "Silk Screen" \b The text and outlines of modules used on a PC board. Silk screen is made with non-conductive ink and used on PC boards for component placement and identification. Single Sided BoardXE "Single Sided Board" \b A PC board with conductive material on one side only. SMDXE "SMD" \b An acronym for "Surface Mount Device." An SMD is a component that is attached to an outside surface of a PC board as opposed to a component that has leads that fit into through plated holes in the PC board and are soldered into those holes. Through plated holes are holes that are plated with copper and connect to other layers of the PC board. SMTXE "SMT" \b An acronym for "Surface Mount Technology." Solder MaskXE "Solder Mask" \b A coating used to protect particular areas of a PC board from being etched, soldered, or plated. Also used to refer to a photographic negative used to create the solder mask on a PC board. Solder SideXE "Solder Side" \b The outside layer of a PC board which is opposite the component side. WinBoard always uses layer one for the solder side. TargetXE "Target" \b A reference point used to align layers for manufacturing and inspection. Also known as a Datum or Fiducial. Thermal ReliefXE "Thermal Relief" \b Used on power or ground planes around through pads that are connected to power or ground to keep the area from overheating during soldering. Through padXE "Through pad" \b A hole that goes through a PC board and connects with both the top and bottom layers. The hole itself is coated with copper. The connection with the layers both inside and outside of the board is accomplished with copper on the layers connecting to the through hole. Time StampXE "Time Stamp" \b A unique reference indicating the date and time a module was placed on the schematic. T JunctionXE "T Junction" \b A point where two routes join together to form a T-shaped intersection. Tool FileXE "Tool File" \b A text file containing the dimensions of all of the apertures used to photo plot a particular PC board file. TraceXE "Trace" \b A copper track or route in a PC board layout file that is used to route signals from one electrical connection to another. TrackXE "Track" \b A copper trace in a PC board layout file that is used to route signals from one electrical connection to another. Two-Sided BoardXE "Two-Sided Board" \b A PC board with conductive pathways on both sides. UploadXE "Upload" \b The process of using a modem over a telephone line to copy a file from your computer to the bulletin board system. VertexXE "Vertex" \b A point where two segments of a route, outline, or edge join. ViaXE "Via" \b A via is a pathway between two or more layers of a PC board, also known as a feed-through hole, that is coated with copper. The via is used to connect signals (or tracks) between layers of a PC board. A through via is a via that goes all the way through the PC board and has a copper pad on both the component and solder layers of the board. A blind via is a via on a multi-layered PC board that only reaches one outside layer of the board and has a copper pad on that outside layer (usually the component side of the board). A buried via is a via on a multi-layered PC board that does not reach either outside surface of the board. ZoneXE "Zone" \b An area on a printed circuit board that represents a signal plane or restricted area in some way. Zones are commonly used for power and ground planes on PC boards. Zones can be set for metal, no metal, no via, or no module. ZoomXE "Zoom" \b Changing the view on the screen by making objects display larger or smaller on the screen. Index INDEX \h "A" \c "3"  . .DRL file extension, 52 .L$ file extension, 53 .NCH file extension, 73 .PIK file extension, 57 .PK$ file extension, 56 .PUN file extension, 53 .STF file, 25, 29 .TH file extension, 52 .U$ file extension, 53 1 1ST PART FIELD, 179 A About, 77 Active Layer, 218 Adding a Vertex, 5 Adhesive, 99, 218 MCL, 150 ADHESIVE command, 150 Adhesive tool, 99100 Analog Circuit, 218 Anchor point, 218 anchor point, 138 Annular-Max., 193 Annular-Min., 193 Aperture, 218 Aperture Table, 50 Artwork, 218 ASCII, 218 ASIC, 218 Assign Item Auto, 26 Assign Item Manual, 27 Auto Save, 126 automatic stuff back, 25 Autopan, 219 autopan mode, 41 B BEGIN MCL, 139 BEGIN command, 139 Bill of Material Report, 61 Bill of Materials, 60 Blind Via, 219 Block, 219 Block Copy, 123 Block Copy, 1 Block Cut, 123 Block Cut, 1 Block Cut tool, 123 Block Paste, 123 Blocks Moving, 15 Board Edge, 108 BOM, 6061 X Offset, 62 Y Offset, 62 Book Mark, 167 BookMark, 96, 219 Creating, 97 Deleting, 98 Finding, 98 Origin, 97 Placing, 97 BookMark tool, 9699 BookMarks Removing, 99 Buried via, 219 Bus, 219 C CAD, 219 CAE, 219 CAM, 219 CAM menu, 47 CCT2WB, 205 Center Screen tool, 133 Chamfer, 220 Changing layers, 7 Changing the Origin, 97 Changing Track Settings, 107 Checking Options DRC, 65 Clearance, 220 CMOS, 220 Color Selection, 126, 128 Commands Keyboard, 19599 Compare Netlists, 7073 Compile, 152 Compile libraries, 152 Completed nets, 109 Component Side, 220 Conductor, 220 Conn Display, 110 Connections, 110 Contiguous segment, 220 Convert Net File, 24 Coord, 110 Coordinate system WinBoard's, 138 Copper Zone, 220 Create Netlist, 179 Create New Module, 165 Create, Place Pad, 167 creating custom modules, 137 Creating Modules MCL, 13759 Module Creation Language, 13759 custom modules creating, 137 cut, 40 D Decimal format, 53 DeCompile, 152 Decompile libraries, 152 Deleting a BookMark, 98 Deleting a Pad Stack, 19 Deleting a Vertex, 5 Deleting existing layers, 124 Density Map, 42 description, 44 examples, 44 histograms, 46 histograms only, 43 mapping, 42 preferred routing, 43 de-selecting zones, 126 Design on the Fly, 220 Design Rule Check, 220 Design Rule Checking, 64 Design Rules, 21, 22, 220 Design Rules tool, 111 Design Rules tool, 111 Dimensioning tool, 9394, 93 Dimensions Placing, 94 DIP, 221 Disable layer, 81 DO" file, 205 Double-Sided Board, 221 Download, 221 Drag, 221 dragging a block of objects, 15 Dragging a Track, 7 Dragging a Vertex, 4 Dragging Track Segments, 6 DRC, 221 Matrix Definitions, 18193 DRC matrix, 68 DRC Remove, 96 DRC Report, 6470 Drill-Drill, 184 Drill-Edge, 181 Drill-Max., 181 Drill-Min., 181 Drill-Pad, 182 Drill-SMD, 182 Drill-Track, 183 Drill-Via, 183 Dual In-Line Package, 221 E EDA, 221 Edge Connector, 161 Edge Guard, 86 Edges, 221 EDIF, 221 Edit menu, 40 Edit Module, 163 Edit net characteristics, 121 Edit Netlist, 122 edit the outline, 2 Editing, 120 Editing Objects, 14 Editing symbols, 911, 911, 911 Editing the Drill Hole Size, 19 Editing Tracks, 311 Editing Zone Characteristics, 13 Editing Zone Shapes, 13 Editing Zones, 1114 END MCL, 151 END command, 151 Error Bell, 125 Excellon, 221 Existing layer deleting, 124 Exit, 22 External Layers, 65 F Fanout, 211 Feed-Through Hole, 222 File, 2124 Filling zone, 86 Find & Get Module tool, 113 Finding a BookMark, 98 First, 29 Flipping Modules, 15 Footprint, 222 force vector, 125 forward annotation, 22, 30 Function Key, 197 function keys, 77 G Gerber, 47 Global Edit, 115 Graphical Module Editor, 160 grid, 82 Grid Increments, 83 GRIP MCL, 149 GRIP command, 149 Grip Point, 167, 222 Ground Plane, 222 Ground Plane Clearance, 222 Guard, 222 H Hanging Tracks, 66 help, 77 tool, 51, 54, 57, 62, 64, 67, 70, 83, 84, 87, 88, 91, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 108, 111, 115, 117, 119, 126, 127, 128, 130 Highlight, 110 Histograms, 46 Hole Size Maximum, 54 HP-GL, 222 I IC, 222 Importing Netlists, 17579 In Circuit Test, 6163, 223 In Circuit Test report, 62 Insert, 129 insert a layer, 129 Inserting new layers, 124, 129 Internal Layers, 65 Isolation, 108 K Keep Package, 27, 33 Key command descriptions, 1045 Key Commands, 77 Key Fields, 179 keyboard commands, 77, 19599 L Layer, 223 Layer Edit, 126, 129, 130 Layer Edit, 130 Layer Names, 21, 22 layer pairs, 80 Layer Selection, 39 Layout, 223 Leading 0 format, 53 Libraries, 28 Libraries list box, 28 Library, 223 Library Part Selection, 24 Load Board File, 21, 22 Load New Netlist, 23 Load Placement File, 76 Load Template, 22 Loading a netlist, 21, 22 Loading Modules, 85 Loading Netlists, 2229 M main toolbar, 78 manhattan distances, 125 Matrix Definitions DRC, 18193 MCL, 13759, 223 MCL commands, 138 Megabyte, 223 Menus, 2177 Metal Zone, 223 Micron, 223 Mil, 223 Module, 224 Module Compiler, 152 Module Creation Language, 13759 commands, 138 module compiler, 137 Module Creation Language commands ADHESIVE, 150 BEGIN, 139 END, 151 GRIP, 149 MOUNTING, 151 NAME, 142 OUTLINE, 145 PAD DEF, 142 PAD STACK, 139 PAD STEP, 144 TEXT, 147 UNITS, 139 Module Editor, 160 grid array example, 172 invalid module, 171 names, 171 type of package, 161 module library files, 137 module outline, 2 module source files, 137 Module Text, 92 Module tool, 8485 Module Value Combine, 179 Modules Flipping, 15 loading, 85 placing, 85 Selecting, 2 viewing, 84 More Connections tool, 111 MOUNTING MCL, 151 MOUNTING command, 151 Mounting Hole, 224 Mounting Hole tool, 1023, 102 mounting holes placing, 103 Move object to exact X,Y coordinates, 16 Moving a Block, 15 Moving Objects, 3 Moving Tracks, 4 Multilayer PC Board, 224 Multiple Drill DRC, 66 N NAME MCL, 142 NAME command, 142 NC Drill, 4756, 224 X Offset, 54 Y Offset, 54 NC Drill Format, 53 Negative, 224 Net, 224 Net Name, 224 zone, 86 Net Properties, 17779 Netlist, 224 loading, 21, 22 New, 21, 22 Netlist Editor text box, 28 netlist formats, 180 Netlist Import, 180 Netlist list box, 27, 28, 29 Netlist On the Fly, 118 Netlist Report, 70 Netlists Importing, 17579 Loading, 2229 Nets & Netlist tool, 10811 New Board, 23 New Board, 21, 22 New layer inserting, 124, 129 New Module, 161 New Netlist, 21, 22 No Floating Copper, 86 No Metal Zone, 224 No Metal Zones DRC, 66 No Module Zones DRC, 66 No Track, 112 No Via Zone, 224 No Via Zones DRC, 66 Num Lock Off, 198 Num Lock On, 198 Number Buttons, 80 Number of layers, 21, 22 numeric key pad, 197 O Object Selection, 36, 126 Objects Editing, 14 Moving, 3 Rotating, 14 Objects to view Setting, 126 On Grid, 82 Open tool, 83 Orcad Interface, 175 Installing, 175 Orcad Schematic Netlist, 175 Origin BookMark, 97 changing the, 97 Origin BookMark, 97 OUTLINE MCL, 145 OUTLINE command, 145 Outline Style zone, 86 P Package Designator, 32 Pad, 225 PAD DEF MCL, 142 PAD DEF command, 142 Pad Reference, 168 Pad Shapes creating, 18 editing pad shapes, 17 Pad Stack, 225 create new, 18 edit drill hole, 19 MCL, 139 PAD STACK command, 139 Pad Stack tool, 103, 16 Pad stacks, 16 Pad stacks, 140 PAD STEP, 225 MCL, 144 PAD STEP command, 144 Pad-Edge, 192 Pad-Max., 192 Pad-Min., 192 Pad-Pad, 192 Park, 225 Partial Link, 225 Pass Mark, 225 Pass Mark tool, 9496, 94 Pass Marks placing, 95 paste, 40 PC Board, 225 PCB, 225 Pen Plot, 47 Photo Plot, 47 Photo Plot, 4750 Photo plotting, 226 Pick & Place, 5660, 56, 226 X Offset, 57 Y Offset, 57 Pick & Place Report, 58 Pin, 226 pin capacity, 77 Pin List Report, 7477 Pin Nb, 110 Place, 226 Place File, 75 Place File Report, 76 Place menu, 41 Placing Dimensions, 94 Mounting Holes, 103 Pass Marks, 95 placing modules, 115 Targets, 101 Text, 92 Tracks, Outlines, and Edges, 103 zones, 88 Placing Modules, 85 Placing tracks, 106 Plotting, 3036, 226 Pointer, 226 Positive, 226 Power Plane, 226 Preview, 35 Printing, 3036 Priority, 109 Prompt, 226 R Radial Lead, 226 Ratsnest, 227 Reference, 227 Reference book mark, 97 Reference Bookmark, 16 Reference Designator, 32 Refresh Screen tool, 133 Registration, 227 Removing a BookMarks, 99 Resist, 227 Rotate/Flip Along Module Center, 126 Rotating Objects, 14 Rotation, 125 Route, 227 Route With Left Mouse Button, 126 Routing Guard, 227 Routing layers, 80 RS-274-D, 49 RS-274-X, 49 Rubberband, 227 S Save Board File, 22 Save Board File as..., 22 Save Module, 171 Save Template, 22 Save tool, 83 Scale, 81 scale increments, 132 Schematic Netlist Orcad format, 175 Screen Panning, 199 secondary toolbar, 78 Segment, 227 Select, 110 Select All, 40 Select And Move, 125 select module text, 2, 92 Select T-Tracks, 3 Selecting Blocks, 1 Selecting Modules, 2 Selecting Objects, 13, 40 Selecting Zones, 12 Setting objects to view, 126 Setup, 21, 22, 124 Setup tool, 124 Silk Screen, 227 Silk Screen on Pads DRC, 65 Single Sided Board, 228 SMD, 228 Smd Paste, 38 SMD-Edge, 190 SMD-Max., 189 SMD-Min., 189 SMD-Pad, 190 SMD-SMD, 191 SMT, 228 Sold. Mask, 38 Solder Mask, 228 Solder Side, 228 Specctra autorouter, 205 Specctra Interface, 205 CCT2WB, 213 Do File, 210 General Configuration, 208 How it works, 205 Layer Properties, 212 Limitations, 216 Power Planes, 216 PreRoute Options, 209 Specctra Path, 210 Tutorial, 214 WB2CCT, 207 Statistics, 6364 Stuff List Add Item, 29 Stuff List box, 27 Stuff List Delete Item, 29 Stuff List Load File, 29 Style Track, Outline, and Edge, 107 T T Junction, 229 Target, 228 Target tool, 100102, 100 targets placing, 101 Technical Support, iii Template loading, 22 saving, 22 Template Save, 36 Templates, 13436 text international characters, 93 MCL, 147 placing, 92 TEXT command, 147 Text tool, 9093, 90 Th. Relief, 87 Thermal relief, 87, 228 Thermal Relief tool, 87 Through pad, 228 Time Stamp, 30, 228 T-Junctions, 65 To Connect, 109 Tool File, 229 Tool Set, 49 toolbar main, 78 secondary, 78 toolbar, 21 Toolbars, 78133 total ratsnest length, 125 Trace, 229 Track, 229 Moving, 4 Track Segments Dragging, 6 Track Settings Changing, 107 Track, Outline, and Edge tool, 103, 107 Track-Edge, 187 Track-Max., 187 Track-Min., 187 Track-Pad, 188 Tracks Dragging, 7 Editing, 311 Placing, 106 tracks, outlines and edges placing, 103 Track-SMD, 188 Track-Track, 189 Trailing 0 format, 54 turns off the zone, 90 Two-Sided Board, 229 Type Track, Outline, and Edge, 107 zone, 86 U Undo, 20, 124 Units, 82 MCL, 139 UNITS command, 139 Update Netlist, 22, 30 Upload, 229 Utilities, 63 Utilities menu, 63 V Vertex, 229 Adding, 5 Deleting, 5 Dragging, 4 Via, 229 Via Max., 184 Via Min., 184 Via on Smd DRC, 66 Via Type, 107 Via-Edge, 185 Via-Pad, 185 Via-SMD, 186 Via-Track, 186 Via-Via, 186 Viewing Modules, 84 W WAS_IS file, 26 WAS-IS file, 71 WB2CCT, 205 WinBoard's coordinate system, 138 WinBoard's module compiler, 137 Window, 77 Window menu, 77 Write Module write, save module, 165 X X Offset BOM, 62 Pick & Place, 57 X Offset NC Drill, 54 X Y Window, 77 X,Y coordinate, 77 Y Y Offset BOM, 62 Pick & Place, 57 Y Offset NC Drill, 54 Z Zone, 230 de-select zone, 13 turn off for editing, 13 Type, 86 Zone Characteristics Editing, 13 Zone fill, 86 Zone Net Name, 86 Zone Shapes Editing, 13 Zone tool, 8590, 86 Zone-Min., 193 Zones Editing, 1114 placing, 88 Routing Tracks Through, 11 Selecting, 12 Zoom, 230 Zoom in tool, 133, 134 zoom increments, 132 Zoom out tool, 132 Zoom Window, 134 Zooming, 199  Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows and the Windows Logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. PAGE vi PAGE iii  Index WinBoard Layout User's Guide Chapter 1: Editing Features PAGE20 PAGE15 WinBoard Layout User's Guide Chapter 2: Menu and Toolbar Reference PAGE116 PAGE117 WinBoard Layout User's Guide Chapter 3: Using Module Libraries PAGE148 PAGE147 WinBoard Layout User's Guide Appendix A: Importing a Schematic Netlist PAGE176 PAGE179 Appendix B: DRC Matrix Definitions Appendix C: Keyboard Commands Appendix D: Question/Answer WinBoard Layout User's Guide Appendix E: Specctra Interface PAGE236 PAGE217 Glossary WinBoard PCB Layout User's Guide Index +/=@ */= &2/=@ ,/=@ %/=@ $/=@ s$/=@ '/=@ '/=@ '/=@ '/=@ %/=@ #/=@ */=@ (/=@ (/=@ l N:OO f    fC ( ߿߿6?fiN:OO f    fC ( ߿߿6?ntN:OO f    fC ( ߿߿6?oaN:OO f    fC ( ߿߿6?thN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwongN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoLaN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoacN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoar&: d d  v R   : R C ::(: UULD""Wq_uWt7wwwrwwwwwwwwWuwwUEUUEDDffvw""n3n?NwnvsNeN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoonN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoheN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoPAN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwo PN:OO f    fC ( ?7oooooo=p/}}}}{w TN:OO f    fC ( ?7oooooo=p/}}}}{wn N:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwompF:       >  C >>(>@3030303030303030303333333N:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoN:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸WqN:OO f    fC ( ߸ N:OO f    fC ( ߸ N:OO f    fC ( ߸ N:OO f    fC ( ߸ N:OO f    fC ( ߸quu}uuN:OO f    fC ( ߸quu}uuN:OO f    fC ( ߸quu}uuN:OO f    fC ( ߸quu}uuN:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸NN:OO f    fC ( ߸.:  ML  DD   DC ((:Q Q   JJ   JC (N:OO f    fC ( ߿߿6?N:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoN:OO f    fC ( owݻwwwwwwwoN:OO f    fC ( ?7oooooo=p/}}}}{wN:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸N:OO f    fC ( ߸ N:OO f    fC ( ߸quu}uu&:22VV oo   oC ( *:   xT  u# TC u#u#(#u$wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww"""""""""""""""""""":c:0!TU      5  C 55(5Ȥ (((888@@@HHH` `io*͸?6HAB^zbOb/vf(E>E(jj92JPPPXXX```hhhpppxxx000___UUUMMMBBB999```+ 9I;/]E:IS+l!!YQjGg2a1a{ SgC..Y&FQI.hRj#SJjl3uAJ e7,,NQ d VoCYr63_wqGC}-#nz&s[ pRL$ {n6uDqJVH42pAhB6"3}%Z6\H"MBRX $Vswذ!V0ȈypiQt|                                                 ~MnMG4- x M      ‹^                  V  @^FF^:aY @  A (p"wwwwwwwwwww"wwwwwwwwww"w"w"w"w"w"w"qw"pwqw"pw"qw"wwwwwwfa-43H3w3P4wP@VA:     j   r j C rr(rȤ`io*͸?6HAB^zbOb/vf(E>E(jj92J """)))000___UUUMMMBBB999 ```(+ 9%I;/]E:IS+l!!YQjGg2a1a{ SgC..Y&FQI.hRj#SJjl3uAJ e7,,NQ d VoCYr63_wqGC}-#nz&s[ pRL$ {n6uDqJVH42pAhB6"3}%Z6\H"MBRX $Vswذ!V0ȈypiQt|                  ޻:\ Y   ]]   ]C (Ȥ!V0ȈypiQt|` `io*͸?6HAB^zbOb/vf(E>E(jj92J """)))000___UUUMMMBBB999 ```(+ 9%I;/]E:IS+l!!YQjGg2a1a{ SgC..Y&FQI.hRj#SJjl3uAJ e7,,NQ d VoCYr63_wqGC}-#nz&s[ pRL$ {n6uDqJVH42pAhB6"3}%Z6\H"MBRX $Vswذ                  :X W   Ra.a  9 .aC 99(9Ȥ!V0ȈypiQt|` `io*͸?6HAB^zbOb/vf(E>E(jj92J """)))000___UUUMMMBBB999 ```(+ 9%I;/]E:IS+l!!YQjGg2a1a{ SgC..Y&FQI.hRj#SJjl3uAJ e7,,NQ d VoCYr63_wqGC}-#nz&s[ pRL$ {n6uDqJVH42pAhB6"3}%Z6\H"MBRX $Vswذ2? 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_Toc353614394 _Toc369341584 _Toc369399205 _Toc369399656 _Toc369412666 _Toc369682771 _Toc398537515 _Toc339204973 _Toc339902830 _Toc340387164 _Toc340508216 _Toc340543608 _Toc340633257 _Toc343677798 _Toc343927212 _Toc353202303 _Toc353247030 _Toc353613469 _Toc353614395 _Toc369341585 _Toc369399206 _Toc369399657 _Toc369412667 _Toc369682772 _Toc398537516 _Toc366489894 _Toc366490469 _Toc369399658 _Toc369412668 _Toc398537517 _Toc328317822 _Toc330053195 _Toc331051288 _Toc331143068 _Toc335278164 _Toc336012974 _Toc339203528 _Toc339204975 _Toc339902832 _Toc340387166 _Toc340508218 _Toc340543610 _Toc340633259 _Toc343677800 _Toc343927214 _Toc353202305 _Toc353247032 _Toc353613471 _Toc353614397 _Toc369341587 _Toc369399208 _Toc369399659 _Toc369412669 _Toc369682774 _Toc398537518 _Toc328317927 _Toc330053300 _Toc331051393 _Toc331143173 _Toc335278269 _Toc336013028 _Toc339203532 _Toc339204979 _Toc339902836 _Toc340387169 _Toc340508219 _Toc340543611 _Toc340633260 _Toc343677801 _Toc343927215 _Toc353202306 _Toc353247033 _Toc353613472 _Toc353614398 _Toc369341588 _Toc369399209 _Toc369399660 _Toc369412670 _Toc398537519Editing _Toc328317928 _Toc330053301 _Toc331051394 _Toc331143174 _Toc335278270 _Toc336013029 Selecting _Toc328317929 _Toc330053302 _Toc331051395 _Toc331143175 _Toc335278271 _Toc336013030 _Toc339203533 _Toc339204983 _Toc339902837 _Toc340387185 _Toc340508220 _Toc340543618 _Toc340633272 _Toc343677802 _Toc343927216 _Toc353202307 _Toc353247056 _Toc353613473 _Toc353614399 _Toc369341589 _Toc369399210 _Toc369399661 _Toc369412671 _Toc398537520 _Toc328317930 _Toc330053303 _Toc331051396 _Toc331143176 _Toc335278272 _Toc336013031 _Toc328317931 _Toc330053304 _Toc331051397 _Toc331143177 _Toc335278273 _Toc336013032 _Toc328317932 _Toc330053305 _Toc331051398 _Toc331143178 _Toc335278274 _Toc336013033 _Toc328317933 _Toc330053306 _Toc331051399 _Toc331143179 _Toc335278275 _Toc336013034 _Toc328317934 _Toc330053307 _Toc331051400 _Toc331143180 _Toc335278276 _Toc328317935 _Toc330053308 _Toc331051401 _Toc331143181 _Toc335278277 _Toc336013035 _Toc339203534 _Toc339204984 _Toc339902838 _Toc340387186 _Toc340508221 _Toc340543619 _Toc340633273 _Toc343677803 _Toc343927217 _Toc353202308 _Toc353247057 _Toc353613474 _Toc353614400 _Toc369341590 _Toc369399211 _Toc369399662 _Toc369412672 _Toc398537521 Track_editing _Toc328317936 _Toc330053309 _Toc331051402 _Toc331143182 _Toc335278278 _Toc336013036 _Toc339203535 _Toc339204985 _Toc339902839 _Toc340387187 _Toc340508222 _Toc340543620 _Toc340633274 _Toc343677804 _Toc343927218 _Toc353202309 _Toc353247058 _Toc353613475 _Toc353614401 _Toc369341591 _Toc369399212 _Toc369399663 _Toc369412673 _Toc398537522 _Toc328317937 _Toc330053310 _Toc331051403 _Toc331143183 _Toc335278279 _Toc336013037 _Toc328317938 _Toc330053311 _Toc331051404 _Toc331143184 _Toc335278280 _Toc336013038 _Toc328317939 _Toc330053312 _Toc331051405 _Toc331143185 _Toc335278281 _Toc336013039 _Toc328317940 _Toc330053313 _Toc331051406 _Toc331143186 _Toc335278282 _Toc336013040Dragging_segments 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Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd System)_  &MrEds   O  &MrEd--&MrEd  & MrEd% & MrEd%  & MrEd%  & MrEd% & MrEd%."Arialww$ w -2 pTrack to track spacing"System$ 'p`w---''TIONREGISTERWINDOWMESSAGEvISWINDOWV GETCAPTUREHI FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9qS'. n+ Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd System)_  &MrEds   O  &MrEd--&MrEd  & MrEd% & MrEd%  & MrEd%  & MrEd% & MrEd%."Arialww$ w -2 pTrack to track spacing"System$ 'p`w---''TIONREGISTERWINDOWMESSAGEvISWINDOWVLS'. K<J ~Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd Systemou&MrEd    p  &MrEd`--|\@- & MrEd%PPP & MrEd%P@ & MrEd%@@`- & MrEd%^` & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`` & MrEd%0 & MrEd%000 & MrEd%d & MrEd%d & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`0."Arialww$ w -2 `SMD pad to any track"System$ 'pw---''Vvd+DD$v/‹&gu:m FVFFFV FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9qJ ~Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd Systemou&MrEd    p  &MrEd`--|\@- & MrEd%PPP & MrEd%P@ & MrEd%@@`- & MrEd%^` & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`` & MrEd%0 & MrEd%000 & MrEd%d & MrEd%d & MrEd%`0 & MrEd%`0."Arialww$ w -2 `SMD pad to any track"System$ 'pw---'''Vvd+DD$v/LJ  -' ^Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEdF SystemNSITOOEM@@&MrEd(0 p 0( @X   &((&MrEd0@ --$<,&MrEd0 $,&MrEd0 $,&MrEd``-d\ & &&MrEd@-<&MrEd&MrEd&MrEd`-d  & &&MrEd@-<&MrEd&MrEd&MrEd`-d & & &MrEd@ - <&MrEd  &MrEd  &MrEd  `-d  & 0- & MrEd%@ & MrEd%` & MrEd%` ` & MrEd% ` ` & MrEd% `p  & MrEd%p P - & MrEd%5z5 & MrEd%5x & MrEd%5xe & MrEd%5} & MrEd%5e} & MrEd%  } & MrEd%   & MrEd%   & MrEd% x x & MrEd%  p--'''F>FRFS OSTQUITMESSAGE HIDEC FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9q-' ^Z&MrEdMicrosoft Dr      !"#$%&'(),./0123456789:;<=>?@BEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrtwxyz{|}~awZ&MrEdF SystemNSITOOEM@@&MrEd(0 p 0( @X   &((&MrEd0@ --$<,&MrEd0 $,&MrEd0 $,&MrEd``-d\ & &&MrEd@-<&MrEd&MrEd&MrEd`-d  & &&MrEd@-<&MrEd&MrEd&MrEd`-d & & &MrEd@ - <&MrEd  &MrEd  &MrEd  `-d  & 0- & MrEd%@ & MrEd%` & MrEd%` ` & MrEd% ` ` & MrEd% `p  & MrEd%p P - & MrEd%5z5 & MrEd%5x & MrEd%5xe & MrEd%5} & MrEd%5e} & MrEd%  } & MrEd%   & MrEd%   & MrEd% x x & MrEd%  p--''Casablancantiqueapitals'L-' q+  IZ&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEdT System)_  &MrEd H   <   - & MrEd%@0 & MrEd%0@0."Arialww$ w - 2 bp Board Edge@- & MrEd% & MrEd%` & MrEd%`p & MrEd%p & MrEd%- & MrEd%0 & MrEd% & MrEd% & MrEd%0` & MrEd%0`2 Edge to track spacing"SystemQ`w$ 'pXw--''F6@!t 2  FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9q! PZ&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd,, Systemou&MrEd(X X(   &MrEd0@--<,&HXx&MrEdP`pt\L&MrEd@P-TD| & &MrEd@?-C<|&MrEd@< & MrEd%@ & MrEd% & MrEd% & MrEd%@ & MrEd%@."Arialww$ w -2 @Via to SMD isolation"System$ 'p`w---'''u&=ud=uL  (K JZ&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEdi  System)_  &MrEd   `A   &xx&MrEdp--t|&MrEd @-D & &&MrEd0-,&MrEd` -$d&MrEd -&MrEd & &xy&MrEd0qu,|&MrEd@ -$D&MrEd p-t|&MrEdpt| & &&MrEd0,&MrEdP -$T&MrEd -&MrEd & & &MrEd0  ,&MrEd  -$ &MrEd  - &MrEd   & &  &MrEd 0  , &MrEd  -$  &MrEd  -  &MrEd    & & &MrEd  &MrEd - &  & MrEd% & MrEd%  & MrEd%(  & MrEd%m & MrEd%(mP- & MrEd%hh & MrEd%k."Arialww$ w -2 aVia to pad isolation"System$ 'p]w---''ttageoetsueapitals'"Cres]MUWV~vߋN  FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9q(K>) JZ&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEdi  System)_  &MrEd   `A   &xx&MrEdp--t|&MrEd @-D & &&MrEd0-,&MrEd` -$d&MrEd -&MrEd & &xy&MrEd0qu,|&MrEd@ -$D&MrEd p-t|&MrEdpt| & &&MrEd0,&MrEdP -$T&MrEd -&MrEd & & &MrEd0  ,&MrEd  -$ &MrEd  - &MrEd   & &  &MrEd 0  , &MrEd  -$  &MrEd  -  &MrEd    & & &MrEd  &MrEd - &  & MrEd% & MrEd%  & MrEd%(  & MrEd%m & MrEd%(mP- & MrEd%hh & MrEd%k."Arialww($ w -2 aVia to pad isolation"System($ 'pgw---''pperPotetsuee Out Font"CosmL(K#       !"#$%&'(*-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~|K&  #Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd( System&MrEd^g  ^ z  - & MrEd% & MrEd%&MrEdP-L&MrEdp-t|  & MrEd%@@P & MrEd%@P  & MrEd%@Pp  & MrEd%@ & MrEd%@p."Arialww w - 2  Board edge2 "Via to board edge minimum distance"System 'p@w---''nnema/bobno/brentk/chrisshBraggadocio FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9qK&  #Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd( System&MrEd^g  ^ z  - & MrEd% & MrEd%&MrEdP-L&MrEdp-t|  & MrEd%@@P & MrEd%@P  & MrEd%@Pp  & MrEd%@ & MrEd%@p."Arialww w - 2  Board edge2 "Via to board edge minimum distance"System 'p@w---''nnema/bobno/brentk/chrisshLK& 1U ;Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd( System&MrEdX* X @  &X8&MrEd`0--4\&MrEd- & &8&MrEd0-4 &MrEd@a-e< &  & MrEd%p & MrEd%p@@ & MrEd%  @ & MrEd%  & MrEd% P & MrEd% @ & MrEd% @P& & MrEd%pp & MrEd%   & &h8 & MrEd%ppp0 & MrEd% & ."Arialww w -2 Drill to drill spacing- & MrEd%@p@ & MrEd%p"SystemQ`w 'pP w---''MrEdX4 X @؃WV~t~u FMicrosoft DrawingMSDrawMSDraw9qUf ;Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd( System&MrEdX* X @  &X8&MrEd`0--4\&MrEd- & &8&MrEd0-4 &MrEd@a-e< &  & MrEd%p & MrEd%p@@ & MrEd%  @ & MrEd%  & MrEd% P & MrEd% @ & MrEd% @P& & MrEd%pp & MrEd%   & &h8 & MrEd%ppp0 & MrEd% & ."Arialww w -2 Drill to drill spacing- & MrEd%@p@ & MrEd%p"SystemQ`w 'pP w---''MrEdX4 X @LUE ,s Z&MrEdMicrosoft DrawZ&MrEd> System)_  &MrEd   /1   &MrEd??--CC&MrEd-&MrEd-&MrEd0o-s,."Arialww w - 2 Via 2  Drill Hole & MrEd%@P@ & MrEd%p0P0 & MrEd%0@ & MrEd%@p & MrEd%@ p & MrEd%0 & MrEd%0 &XH & MrEd%` & MrEd% @ & 2 Drill hole to via spacing- & MrEd%00"SystemQ`w 'ppw---''t h/6 System)_  &MrEd   /1   &MrEd??--CC&MrEd-&MrEd-&MrEd0o-s,."Arialww w - 2 Via 2  Drill Hole & MrEd%@P@ & MrEd%p0P0 & MrEd%0@ & MrEd%@p & MrEd%@ p & MrEd%0 & MrEd%0 &XH & MrEd%` & MrEd% @ & 2 Drill hole to via spacing- & MrEd%00"SystemQ`w 'ppw---''MrEdMicrosoft DrawZL,s{v . 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Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB212.DOC Keith Seymour%\\Amazon\workarea\MANUAL\WB\WB213.doc Keith Seymour%\\Amazon\workarea\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\Amazon\workarea\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc Keith Seymour%\\AMAZON\WORKAREA\MANUAL\WB\WB215.doc@HP LaserJet 4/4M PostScript\\snake\lj4PSCRIPTHP LaserJet 4/4M PostScriptHP LaserJet 4/4M PostScriptg odXX 7{RdCustom page 1BBCustom page 2BBCustom page 3BBHP LaserJet 4/4M PostScriptg odXX 7{RdCustom page 1BBCustom page 2BBCustom page 3BB%%%%Times New Roman Symbol &ArialFuturist5Courier New 1Courier1Courier 12cpi$CG Times (W1)Times New Roman&AvantGarde Md BT&AvantGarde Bk BT#V h,SfZB ;N!V XW:\WINWORD\UMANUAL.DOTIvex PCB User Manual Keith Seymour Keith Seymourrrrrrrrr r r r r rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr r!r"r#r$r%r&r'r(r)r*r+r,r-r.r/r0r1r2r3r4r5r6r7r8r9r:r;rr?r@rArBrCr{UiJrKrLrMrNrOrPrQrRrSrTrUrVrWrXrYrZr[r\r]r^r_r`rarbrcrdrerfrgrhrirjrkrlrmrnrorprqrrrsrtrurvrwrxryrzr{r|r}r~rrrܥhc e0Bp (((b b b b b .,@b @ll,----tjCn!9999L:LO=L@AXAX@(odp--@7((-l  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~7770(-(-9`p پ,|  ((97 7Ivex Design International, Inc. WinBoard PCB Layout Reference Guide Password Registration Number Copyright SYMBOL 227 \f "Symbol" 1994-97 Ivex Design International, Inc. All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated into another language, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written consent of Ivex Design International, Inc. Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication. Ivex assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. IvexSYMBOL 228 \f "Symbol" is a trademark of Ivex Design International, Inc. WinBoard, WinDraft and WinRoute are registered trademarks of Ivex Design International, Inc. Specctra is a registered trademark of Cooper & Chyan Technology, Inc. WindowsSYMBOL 228 \f "Symbol" is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only, and are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Document Number: PA1034.8 Ivex Design International, Inc. 15232 NW Greenbrier Parkway Beaverton, Oregon 97006-5746 U.S.A. Sales & Administration(503) 531-3555Technical Support XE "Technical Support" (503) 531-9443Bulletin Board System(503) 645-0576FAX(503) 629-4907E-mailinfo@ivex.comWorld Wide Webhttp://www.ivex.com symbol 255 \f "Wingdings" \s 76 MICROSOFTsymbol 226 \f "Symbol" \s 10 WINDOWSsymbol 228 \f "Symbol" \s 10 COMPATIBLE LICENSE AGREEMENT THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE PROGRAMS ARE LICENSED BY IVEX TO CUSTOMERS FOR THEIR NON-EXCLUSIVE USE ON A COMPUTER SYSTEM PER THE TERMS SET FORTH BELOW. DEFINITIONS: "Ivex" shall mean Ivex Design International, Inc., which is the owner of the copyright and author of this program. "Licensee" shall mean the end user of this Ivex Software. This Software Package consists of copyrighted computer software and copyrighted user guide ("User Guide") from Ivex. LICENSE: We grant licensee a limited, non-exclusive license (i) to load a copy of the Software from the disk into the memory of a single (one) computer as necessary to use the Program, and (ii) to make one (1) backup or archival copy of the Software for the use with the same computer. The archival copy and original copy of the Software are subject to the restrictions in this Agreement and both must be destroyed if your continued possession or use of the original copy ceases or this Agreement is terminated. RESTRICTIONS: Licensee may not sub license, rent, lease, sell, pledge or otherwise transfer or distribute the original copy or archival copy of the Program or the User Guide. You agree not to translate, modify, disassemble, decompile, reverse engineer, or create derivative works based on the Software or any portion thereof. Licensee also may not copy the User Guide. The Agreement automatically terminates without notice if any provision of this Agreement is breached by Licensee. LIMITED WARRANTY: Ivex warrants that it has the right to license the Software to licensee. 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